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Japanese language
James W. Heisig is professor and permanent research fellow at the
Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture in Nagoya, Japan.
University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press
Honolulu, Hawaiโ€˜i 96822-1888
www.uhpress.hawaii.edu
Remembering the Kanji 2 · heisig
Following the first volume of Remembering the Kanji, the present
work takes up the pronunciation of characters and provides students with helpful tools for memorizing them. Behind the notorious inconsistencies in the way the Japanese language has come
to pronounce the characters it received from China lie several
coherent patterns. Identifying these patterns and arranging them
in logical order can reduce dramatically the amount of time spent
in the brute memorization of sounds unrelated to written forms.
Many of the โ€œprimitive elements,โ€ or building blocks, used
in the drawing of the characters also serve to indicate the โ€œChinese
readingโ€ that particular kanji use, chiefly in compound terms. By
learning one of the kanji that uses such a โ€œsignal primitive,โ€ one
can learn the entire group at the same time. In this way, Remembering the Kanji 2 lays out the varieties of phonetic pattern and offers
helpful hints for learning readings, which might otherwise appear
completely random, in an efficient and rational way. A parallel
system of pronouncing the kanji, their โ€œJapanese readings,โ€ uses
native Japanese words assigned to particular Chinese characters.
Although these are more easily learned because of the association
of the meaning to a single word, Heisig creates a kind of phonetic
alphabet of single syllable words, each connected to a simple
Japanese word, and shows how they can be combined to help
memorize particularly troublesome vocabulary.
Unlike Volume 1, which proceeds step-by-step in a series of
lessons, Volume 2 is organized in such as way that one can study
individual chapters or use it as a reference for pronunciation
problems as they arise. Individual frames cross-reference the kanji
to alternate readings and to the frame in Volume 1 in which the
meaning and writing of the kanji was first introduced. Ample
indexes at the end of the text are devoted to hand-drawn kanji,
the signal primitives, the Chinese readings, and the Japanese
readings, as well as a comprehensive cross-reference list to the
material contained in Volume 1.
James W. Heisig
Remembering the Kanji 2
A Systematic Guide to
Reading the Japanese Characters
remembering the kanji 2
by the same author
Remembering the Kana: A Guide to Reading and Writing the Japanese Syllabaries
in 3 Hours Each. Honolulu: University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press, 2007 (1987)
Remembering the Kanji 1: A Complete Course on How Not to Forget the Meaning
and Writing of Japanese Characters. Honolulu: University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press,
2007 (1977)
Remembering the Kanji 3: Writing and Reading Japanese Characters for UpperLevel Pro๏ฌciency (with Tanya Sienko). Honolulu: University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press,
2008 (1994)
Kanji para recordar i: Curso mnemotécnico para el aprendizaje de la escritura y
el signi๏ฌcado de los caracteres japoneses (with Marc Bernabé and Verònica
Calafell). Barcelona: Herder Editorial, 2005 (2001)
Kanji para recordar ii: Guía sistemática para la lectura de los caracteres japoneses (with Marc Bernabé and Verònica Calafell). Barcelona: Herder Editorial,
2004
Kana para recordar: Curso mnemotécnico para el aprendizaje de los silabarios
japoneses (with Marc Bernabé and Verònica Calafell). Barcelona: Herder Editorial, 2005 (2003)
Die Kanji lernen und behalten 1. Bedeutung und Schreibweise der japanischen
Schriftzeichen (with Robert Rauther). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann Verlag, 2006 (2005)
Die Kanji lernen und behalten 2. Systematische Anleitung zu den Lesungen der
japanischen Schriftzeichen (with Robert Rauther). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann Verlag, 2006
Die Kana lernen und behalten. Die japanische Silbenschrift lesen und schreiben
in je drei Stunden (with Klaus Gresbrand). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio
Klostermann Verlag, 2006
Kanji: Imaginar para aprender (with Rafael Shoji). São Paulo: jbc Editora, 2007
Remembering the Kanji
vol. 2
A Systematic Guide to
Reading Japanese Characters
James W. Heisig
third edition
University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press
honolulu
Copyright © 1987, 2005, 2008 by James W. Heisig
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions
thereof in any form without the written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Second edition: 12th printing, 2005
Third edition: 1st printing, 2008
12 11 10 09 08 07
6 54 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Heisig, James W., 1944Remembering the kanji : a complete course on how not to forget the meaning
and writing of Japanese characters / James W. Heisig. โ€” 5th ed.
v. <1> ; cm.
Includes indexes.
ISBN 978-0-8248-3165-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Japanese languageโ€”Orthography and spelling. 2. Chinese charactersโ€”
Japan. 3. Japanese languageโ€”Textbooks for foreign speakersโ€”English. I. Title.
PL547.H4 2007
495.6โ€™82421โ€”dc22
2006103109
The typesetting for this book was done at the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press books are printed on acid-free paper and meet the guidelines
for permanence and durability of the Council on Library Resources.
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Note to the 2nd Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
part one: Chinese Readings
1. The Kana and Their Kanji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. Pure Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. One-Time Chinese Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4. Characters with No Chinese Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5. Semi-Pure Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6. Readings from Everyday Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
7. Mixed Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
8. Readings from Useful Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
9. A Potpourri of Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
10. Supplementary Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
part two: Japanese Readings
11. A Mnemonics for the Japanese Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Indexes
i. Signal Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
ii. Kanji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
iii. Chinese Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
iv. Japanese Readings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
v. Cross-Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
v
Introduction
As the title suggests, the present book has been prepared as a companion
volume to Remembering the Kanji: A Complete Course on How Not to Forget
the Meaning and Writing of Japanese Characters. It presumes that the material
covered in the ๏ฌ rst book has already been mastered and concentrates exclusively on the pronunciation of the Japanese characters. Those who approached
the study of the kanji in a di๏ฌ€erent manner may ๏ฌnd what is in these pages of
some use, but it has not been designed with them in mind.
As I explained in the Introduction to the former volume, if it is the studentโ€™s goal to acquire pro๏ฌciency in using the Japanese writing system, the
entire set of โ€œgeneral-use charactersโ€ (ๅธธ็”จๆผขๅญ—) need to be learned. To insist on
studying them in the order of importance or frequency generally followed in
Japanese schools is pointless if some other order is more e๏ฌ€ective as a means to
that ๏ฌnal goal. A momentโ€™s re๏ฌ‚ection on the matter is enough to dispose of the
common bias that the methods employed by those who come to Japanese as a
foreign language should mirror the methods used by the Japanese themselves
to learn how to read and write. Accumulated experience and educationโ€”and
in most cases an energetic impatience with oneโ€™s own ignoranceโ€”distinguish
the older student too radically from Japanese school children to permit basic
study habits to be taken over with only cosmetic changes. A clearer focus on
the destination should help the older student chart a course more suited to
his or her time, resources, and learning abilitiesโ€”and not just run harder and
faster around the same track.
Perhaps the single greatest obstacle to taking full advantage of oneโ€™s privileged position as an adult foreigner is a healthy fear of imposing alien systems
on Japanese language structures. But to impose a system on ways of learning a
language does not necessarily mean to impose a system on the language itself.
To miss this distinction is to risk condemning oneself to the worst sorts of
ine๏ฌƒciency for the worst sorts of reasons.
Obviously the simplest way to learn Japanese is as the Japanese themselves
do: by constant repetition, without interference, in a closed cultural environment. Applied to the kanji, this involves drilling and drilling and drilling until
the forms and sounds become habitual. The simplest way, alas, is also the most
1
2 | introduction
time-consuming and frustrating. By adding a bit of organized complexity to
oneโ€™s study investments, the same level of pro๏ฌciency can be gained in a fraction of the time. This was demonstrated in the ๏ฌrst volume as far as the meaning and writing of the characters are concerned. By isolating these skills and
abstracting from any relationship they have to the rest of the language, a ๏ฌrm
foundation was laid for the next step, the assignation of sounds or โ€œreadingsโ€
to the individual characters. That is the subject of this book.
The earlier volume was described as a โ€œcomplete courseโ€; the present volume is offered as a โ€œguide.โ€ The differences between the two books are as
important as the similarities. While both books are intended to be self-taught
and allow individual readers to progress at their own pace, the former traced
out a path step by step, in a clearly de๏ฌ ned order. Here, however, the material is presented in such a way that it may be followed frame by frame or may
be rearranged freely to suit the particular studentโ€™s needs. The reason is that
the readings of the kanji do not allow for any more than a discontinuous systematization: blocks of repeating patterns and clusters of unpatterned material
organized under a variety of rubrics. In fact, the only thing ironclad about the
method is the assumption that the student already knows what the characters
mean and how they are written. Without that knowledge, the systematization
becomes all but opaque. In any event, it is important to gain some understanding of how the book as a whole is laid out before deciding how best to make use
of it.
The book falls into two parts of wildly disproportionate length. The ๏ฌ rst
ten chapters cover the Chinese or on readings (้Ÿณ่ชญใฟ); the last chapter, the
Japanese or kun readings (่จ“่ชญใฟ). This should not give the impression that the
on readings themselves are so much more di๏ฌƒcult than the kun readings, but
only that their systematization requires much more attention. What is more,
the method followed in Chapter 11 is closer to that followed in vol. 1 and can
thus be treated in relatively short shrift.
One of the chief reasons for frustration with the Chinese readings is not
that there are so many kanji to read, but that there are so few readings to go
around, creating a massive confusion of homonyms to the uninitiated. No
sooner does one attempt to establish a set of rules to rein in this phenomenon
than exceptions begin to nibble away at oneโ€™s principles like termites until the
entire construction begins to look like a colossal waste of e๏ฌ€ort.
True enough, there are exceptions. A lot of them. But there is also a great
deal of consistency which can be sifted out and structured for the learning.
The principal aim of the ๏ฌ rst ten chapters is to isolate these patterns of consistency and use them to the fullest, holding brute memory at bay as long as
possible. To this end I have introduced what are called โ€œsignal primitives.โ€ By
this I mean primitive elements within the written form which signal a particular
introduction
| 3
Chinese reading. Since most of these primitive forms were already assigned a
meaning in the ๏ฌ rst book, the strategy should come as a welcome relief and
carry you well over one-third of your way through the on readings. Whatever
readings fall outside the compass of this method are introduced through a
variety of devices of uneven di๏ฌƒculty, each assigned its own chapter.
Chapter 1 presents 56 kanji which form the parent-kanji for the forms of
the hiragana and katakana syllabaries and whose readings are directly related
to the modern kana sounds. 49 of them are Chinese readings, 7 are Japanese.
Chapter 2 covers a large group of characters belonging to โ€œpure groupsโ€
in which the presence of a given signal primitive entails a uniform sound.
Chapter 3 presents the small group of kanji whose readings are not homonyms and may therefore be learned in conjunction with a particular character.
Chapter 4, conversely, lists characters with no on reading.
Chapter 5 returns to the signal primitives, this time gathering together
those groups in which a signal primitive entails a uniform soundโ€”but with a
single exception to the pattern. These are called โ€œsemi-pureโ€ groups.
Chapter 6 brings together readings drawn from everyday words, all or
nearly all of which should have been learned during the course of a general
introduction to Japanese conversation. Allowing for occasional slight shifts of
meaning from those assigned the kanji in the ๏ฌrst volume, the only work that
remains to be done is to see how Japanese puts the pieces together to create
new meanings.
Chapter 7 returns one ๏ฌ nal time to the use of signal primitives, picking
up what characters can still make use of the device and subdividing them into
three classes of โ€œmixed-groupsโ€ where a given primitive element can signal
two or more di๏ฌ€erent sounds.
Chapters 8 and 9 follow the pattern of Chapter 6, except that the compounds will be less familiar and require learning some new vocabulary. The
only thing these kanji have in common is that they do not belong to any natural phonetic group. The most useful compounds are presented in Chapter 8.
The generally less useful compounds of Chapter 9 are all introduced with
explanatory comments.
Chapter 10 is a wastepaper basket into which I have thrown the remaining readings: uncommon, rare, or generally restricted to proper names.
All the kanji from Chapters 1 through 10 are arranged in a frame of uniform design (see figure 1 on the following page). Taken together, they cover
the entire range of on readings established as standard by Japanโ€™s Ministry of
Education. Five indexes have been added to facilitate reference and review.
Index i lists all the signal primitives, arranged according to number of
strokes, and the frame in which they ๏ฌrst appear.
4 | introduction
signal
primitive
Kanji
Chinese
reading
internal
cross-reference
cross-reference to
frame in vol. 1
ไฝœ
ไน
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
2039
691
ไฝœๆ–‡
ใ•ใใถใ‚“
(written) composition
frame
number
exemplary
compound
pronunciation
of compound
1142
meaning of
compound
figure 1
Index ii presents a listing of all the kanji treated in this and the former
volume, arranged according to the number of strokes.
Index iii lists, in syllabic order, all the on readings, their respective kanji,
and the number of their respective frames.
Index iv lists all the kun readings and their respective kanji. Together
these two indexes constitute a complete dictionary of readings
for the general-use kanji.
Index v follows the frame sequence of the first book, giving the kun
readings and the frame(s) in which the on reading is introduced
in this book.
The frames have been arranged to facilitate reviewing: if you block out
everything to the right of the compound used as an example, the student is able
to run a simple self-test from time to time. For more thoroughgoing review,
the ๏ฌ‚ash cards that were prepared according to the design given in Chapter 5
of the ๏ฌrst volume can be completed, with the aid of the Indexes. A complete
explanation is provided in Chapter 11.
Although the principles that govern the structure of this book will become
clearer as the student grows more familiar with the content, there are a few
points that seem worthy of mention at the outset. They represent both the
courtesies I paid my own memory in learning to read Japanese and the pitfalls
I watched fellow students fall into following other methods. As time goes on,
you may or may not choose to follow them, but at least you should know what
they are.
First, relating one compound to another by means of similarities of sound
is to be avoided at any cost. It merely clutters the mind with useless information. The fact that the two syllables sensei can mean teacher (ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ) or astrology
(ๅ ๆ˜Ÿ) or despotism (ๅฐ‚ๅˆถ) or oath (ๅฎฃ่ช“), depending on the kanji assigned to
introduction
| 5
them, may come as such a surprise that you are tempted to make some use of
the coincidence. Resist the temptation.
Second, it is best not to try to learn on and kun readings at the same time
for the same character. The idea of โ€œconqueringโ€ a character in its entirety will
be supported by nearly every textbook on the kanji that you pick up, but is
nearly as mistaken as trying to learn to write and read the kanji at the same
time. Once you have learned the general-use characters, you will have a much
better base from which to learn the meaning, writing, and readings of new
characters en bloc as you meet them. Until then, cling to the Caesarean principle of โ€œdivide and conquer.โ€
Third, with few exceptions, it seems preferable to learn the several possible
Chinese readings of a given character as they come up, in isolation from one
another. When second or third readings appear, reference to earlier frames
will inform you of the fact. You will no doubt notice that the quickest way to
complete the information on your ๏ฌ‚ash cards is to rush to Index v and start
๏ฌlling them in. If you do, you might end up with a tidy set of cards that are no
longer of any use for review, or else ๏ฌ nd yourself reviewing what you havenโ€™t
yet studied. In either case, you would be sidestepping the entire method on
which this book is based. Be sure to read the instructions on pages 297โ€“99
before doing anything with your cards.
Fourth, certain Japanese sounds undergo phonetic alterations when set
alongside other sounds. For example, ไธ€ๆœฌ, ไบŒๆœฌ, ไธ‰ๆœฌ are read ippon, nihon,
sambon, the syllable hon being like a chameleon that changes to suit its environment. Some of these alterations are regional, some standard. In any case,
they are best learned by trial-and-error rather than by a set of rules that are
more complex than they are worth.
Fift h, a word about Chinese compounds (็†Ÿ่ชž, ใ˜ใ‚…ใใ”). With a grain of
salt, one might compare the blend of Japanese (kun) and Chinese (on) words
to the blend of Anglo-Saxon and Latin-Greek words in English. Generally, our
words of Anglo-Saxon root are richer in meaning, vaguer, and more evocative than those of Latin-Greek root, which tend to precision and clarity. For
instance, the word โ€œglassโ€ can suggest a whole range of possible images and
meanings, but as soon as we substitute its Latin equivalent, โ€œvitrine,โ€ we have
narrowed it down to a more concrete meaning. The presence of Chinese words
(generally a compound of two or more on readings) in Japanese performs a
similar narrowing, specifying function, while the native Japanese words reverberate wider and deeper meanings.
In much the same way that we combine Anglo-Saxon words with Latin and
Greek words (for example, in the term โ€œ๏ฌberglassโ€), Japanese will occasionally mix on and kun readings in the same compound. As a rule, I have avoided
6 | introduction
these in the exemplary compounds. The order of preference in choosing examples was roughly as follows:
1. a compound that includes a reading appearing in a previous frame;
2. a compound in ordinary use;
3. a compound that uses a reading to appear soon after the frame in
question;
4. the most common or instructive compound;
5. a name of a person or place;
6. rare or archaic compounds.
The student is encouraged to substitute familiar compounds at any time for
the examples I have chosen.
Sixth, the use of signal primitives demands the same rigor applied to primitive elements in vol. 1. Where a single jot or tittle of di๏ฌ€erence is present, the
element is excluded. Additional attention will have to be paid to the position of
the primitive, which was not important in the earlier book.
Seventh, I would register a plea against trying to begin with the two volumes of Remembering the Kanji at the same time. I wash my hands (or as
Japanese would have it, my feet) of all responsibility for the results. That having been said, there is no reason that these pages cannot be used in conjunction with a set of graded readers. I would only advise that you begin this after
having worked your way through Chapters 2 and 5. The bene๏ฌt of such an
approach is that it enables you to take full advantage of the grammatical and
vocabulary drills that such readers provide.
At the same time, the commonly heard advice about learning characters
โ€œin contextโ€ is one that is not as sensible as it sounds. Even if I learn the English word โ€œtroglodyticโ€ in sentences such as โ€œI can trace my ancestors back to
the troglodytic ageโ€ or โ€œThereโ€™s a family of troglodytes in my tool shed,โ€ the
word still needs to be learned in the ๏ฌrst place. New Japanese vocabulary falls
on the foreign ear with much the same impactโ€”totally unrelated to anything
we already know. The bene๏ฌt of a context is that it enables one to drill a number of words and assimilate something of how they relate to one another grammatically and connotatively. Context de๏ฌnes the ๏ฌner nuances that usage and
tradition have a๏ฌƒ xed to the kanji, but the compounds themselves still need to
be learned. For this reason, students who wish systematically to make their
way through this book frame by frame need not trouble themselves over the
absence of context provided they do not abandon all reading practice in the
process.
Eighth and ๏ฌnally, a vigorous warning against the use of rลmaji in learning
to read Japanese kanji. Get the idea out of your mind that the Roman alphabet
is a โ€œcrutchโ€ to help you hobble along until you master the hiragana and kata-
introduction
| 7
kana syllabaries. It is nothing of the kind. It is rather a slow and self-in๏ฌ‚ icted
amputation that will leave you crippled for the rest of your Japanese-reading
years. Not only does the Roman alphabet in๏ฌ‚ict quirks on your pronunciation,
it cultivates a systematic bias against the kana that gets harder and harder to
uproot. Be patient with the kana, and never write Roman letters beneath them.
The stricter you are in expelling all rลmaji from your study of Japanese words,
the quicker you will ๏ฌnd that Roman letters become an obstacle to reading and
writing, which they are for the Japanese and should be for anyone learning the
language.
Shinano-ลŒmachi, Japan
28 December 1978
Note to the 2nd Edition
The material in these pages was composed during the third month after
my arrival in Japan. I had just completed a volume describing the method I
had used to learn the meaning and writing of the kanji, and I was anxious
to try my hand at systematizing the notorious haphazardry of the readings.
Once ๏ฌnished, the manuscript circulated for eight years in photocopy among a
number of students of Japanese around the world. Their suggestions and contributions did a lot to round o๏ฌ€ the rough edges and save me from embarrassing mistakes. Only in 1986, with the encouragement and cooperation of Nakamura Toshihide and Murakami Yลซnosuke of the Japan Publications Trading
Company, did the book appear in print. Since that time it has gone through
eleven printings and formed the basis for a set of ๏ฌ‚ash cards published two
years later.
Aside from a longstanding wish to make minor adjustments here and there
in the examples and indexes, the immediate stimulus for a new edition has
come from the preparation of a Spanish edition as a companion volume to the
translation of vol. 1. The translation has also rekindled another longstanding
desire, echoed in numerous letters from readers over the years: to prepare a
reader to facilitate the use of this volume. The project has yet to materialize, but
at least I can say that it is more in mind now than it has ever been.
Nagoya, Japan
2 January 2004
part one
Chinese Readings
chapter 1
The Kana and Their Kanji
The two japanese syllabaries known as the hiragana and the katakana (or
collectively, the kana) originated as stylized versions of Chinese characters
used to represent the sounds of Japanese without any reference to the original
meaning of those characters. In modern Japanese not all of the kana retain
the sound of their parent-kanji, but there are a number that do, whether as
kun-yomi or on-yomi. This means that if you can recognize these kanji, learning at least one of their readings is almost automatic.
Many of the calligraphic transformations will be immediately apparent;
others require some knowledge of calligraphy. In these cases, a calligraphic
drawing has been included for the sake of completeness.1
The letters h and k, set o๏ฌ€ in parentheses and inserted in the location of
the internal cross-reference numbers, indicate whether the kanji in the frame
is parent to hiragana or katakana or both.
To make a representative listing, it has been necessary to include a number
of rare exemplary compounds and compounds that mix on and kun readings.
These deviations have been indicated in each case. Despite these di๏ฌƒculties,
the frames presented in this brief initial chapter are worth studying carefully
before moving on to the simpler material in the next chapter.
As stated in the Introduction, on-yomi are listed in katakana and kun
yomi in hiragana, a common convention in Japanese dictionaries. In the case of
kun-yomi, the reading of the kanji is often accompanied by an in๏ฌ‚ection called
okuri-gana (้€ใ‚Šไปฎๅ), which modern Japanese writes with hiragana.
ไบŒ
1
ไบŒไธ–
ใƒ‹
(k) 233
ใซใ›ใ„
second-generation (Japanese)
2
1. For a clearer idea of the connection between the kana and the kanji, see my Remembering the Kana (Honolulu: University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press, 2006), where the original forms of both
the hiragana and the katakana are included.
12 | remembering the kanji 2
ไธ‰
ใฟ
(k) 1086
ไธ‰ใคๅญ
ใฟใคใ”
three-year-old child; triplets
ๅฅณ
้จซ
ใ‚
(h/k) 951, 2034, 2162
3
ๅฅณ็ฅž
ใ‚ใŒใฟ
goddess
ใก
(k) (972)
2
ๅƒ
4
ๅƒๅณถ
ใกใ—ใพ
Kuril Islands, north of Japan
ๅทฆ
้งฒ
ใ•
(h) 896
5
ๅทฆๅณ
ใ•ใ‚†ใ†
right and left; on both sides
ไธ
้ฉ‚
ใƒ•
(h/k) 2037
6
ไธๅฎ‰
ใตใ‚ใ‚“
uneasiness
3
98
40
77
1217
The katakana form comes from the ๏ฌrst 2 strokes only.
ไธ–
้งฟ
ใ‚ป
(h/k) 1583
7
ไธ–็•Œ
ใ›ใ‹ใ„
world
ใ‚ฟ
(k)
ๅคš
8
ๅคšๅฐ‘
ใŸใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
more or less
็Ÿฅ
้จŽ
ใƒ
(h) 188
9
็Ÿฅไบบ
ใกใ˜ใ‚“
an acquaintance
ใƒช
(h/k) 236
ใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†
use
ๅˆฉ
10
ๅˆฉ็”จ
The kana forms come from the right side of the kanji.
28
108
1223
906
| 13
the kana and their kanji
ไปฅ
้ง•
ใ‚ค
(h)
11
ไปฅไธŠ
ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
above; more than
ๅ’Œ
้ชจ
ใƒฏ
(h/k) 2236
12
ๅนณๅ’Œ
ใธใ„ใ‚
peace
้ƒจ
้ฉƒ
ใธ
(h/k) 1080
13
้ƒจๅฑ‹
ใธใ‚„
a room
1028
897
1845
The kana forms come from the right side of the kanji.
็”ฑ
้ฉŸ
ใƒฆ
(h/k) 1006, 1345, 2163
14
็”ฑๆฅ
ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใ„
reason; origin
ใƒซ
(k) 496
ใ‚‹ใฆใ‚“
metempsychosis
ๆต
15
ๆต่ปข
1105
764
The katakana form comes from the last two strokes of the
kanji only. The reading (here a Buddhist one) is rare.
ไฟ
้ฉ…
ใƒ›
(h/k)
16
ไฟๅฎ‰
ใปใ‚ใ‚“
security; keeping the peace
997
The hiragana form is based on the entire kanji; the katakana
comes only from the last 4 strokes.
็•™
้ฉฉ
ใƒซ
(h) 1691
17
็•™ๅฎˆ
ใ‚‹ใ™
absence (from home or work)
ๆณข
้จพ
ใƒ
(h) 1424
18
้›ปๆณข
ใงใ‚“ใฑ
radio waves; electric waves
1423
803
14 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅคช
้จ…
ใ‚ฟ
(h) 1150
19
ไธธๅคช
ใพใ‚‹ใŸ
log
120
The example combines on and kun readings.
ๆญข
20
ๆญขใพใ‚‹
ใจ
(h/k) 1554
ใจใพใ‚‹
to stop; halt
370
The katakana comes from the ๏ฌrst 2 strokes.
ๆฏ”
้ฉ€
ใƒ’
(h/k) 346
21
ๆฏ”่ผƒ
ใฒใ‹ใ
comparison
ๆญฆ
้ฉ•
ใƒ 
(h) 1144
22
ๆญฆ่€…
ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚ƒ
warrior
่กฃ
้ง›
ใˆ
(h) 1566
23
็™ฝ่กฃ
ใณใ‚ƒใใˆ
white robe
ใ‚ณ
(h/k) 1227
ใ˜ใ“
oneself; the self
ๅทฑ
24
่‡ชๅทฑ
447
377
396
525
The kana forms come from the ๏ฌrst 2 strokes of the parent
kanji.
ๅŠ 
้งŸ
ใ‚ซ
(h/k) 788
25
ๅŠ ๅ…ฅ
ใ‹ใซใ‚…ใ†
admission (as to a group)
867
The katakana is based on the left side of the kanji only.
็‚บ
้ชญ
ใ‚ค [ใ‚]
(h)
26
่กŒ็‚บ
ใ“ใ†ใ„
conduct; actions; deeds
1918
the kana and their kanji
ไธŽ
้ฉข
ใƒจ
(h/k)
27
ไธŽๅ…š
ใ‚ˆใจใ†
ruling political party
| 15
1246
The katakana comes from the bottom half of the kanji.
ๆฑŸ
28
ๆฑŸๆˆธ
ใˆ
(k) (117)
ใˆใฉ
Edo (old name for Tokyo)
139
Only the right half of the kanji is used for the kana.
้งข
ใ‚ญ
(h/k) 300
ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆ
ใใ‹ใŒใ
geometry
ๅฎ‡
้ง˜
ใ‚ฆ
(h/k)
30
ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™
ใ†ใกใ‚…ใ†
cosmos; universe
ๅนพ
29
1381
1656
The katakana comes from the ๏ฌrst 3 strokes of the kanji.
ๆต
้ชผ
ใ‚‘ [ใ‚จ]
(h) 1559
31
็Ÿฅๆต
ใกใˆ
wisdom
612
The hiragana in question is, of course, the old form.
ไป
32
ไป็Ž‹้–€
ไผŠ
33
ไผŠๅคชๅˆฉ
988
ใƒ‹
(h) 235, 2056
ใซใŠใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
Buddhist temple gate with ๏ฌerce
Deva Kings
ใ‚ค
(k)
ใ„ใŸใ‚Š
Italy
1161
Only the left side of the kanji is used to form the katakana.
The example compound is older usage. Modern Japanese
prefers to use katakana for the names of Western countries.
16 | remembering the kanji 2
ไน‹
34
้งธ
ไน‹ๅญ—ๅฝข
้ ˆ
35
ๆ€ฅ้ ˆ
ใ‚ท
(h/k)
ใ—ใ˜ใ‘ใ„
zigzag (like the kanji ไน‹)
ใ‚น
(k)
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ™
Japanese teapot
1214
1718
The katakana comes from the stylization of the right side.
ไนƒ
36
้จท
ใฎ
(h/k) (2209)
ไนƒๆœจๅ‚
ใฎใŽใ–ใ‹
Nogisaka (place-name)
686
The katakana comes from the ๏ฌrst stroke of the kanji.
ๅฅˆ
้จ™
ใƒŠ
(h/k)
37
ๅฅˆ่‰ฏ
ใชใ‚‰
Nara (place-name)
1094
The katakana is based on the ๏ฌrst 2 strokes only.
ไนŸ
38
ไนŸๅฏธๅฟ—
ใƒค
(h/k)
ใ‚„ใ™ใ—
Yasushi (manโ€™s personal name)
This kanji only appeared in vol. 1 as a primitive (page 181).
ๅ‘‚
้ฉซ
ใƒญ
(h/k)
39
้ขจๅ‘‚
ใตใ‚
Japanese bath
24
The katakana uses only the ๏ฌrst 3 strokes of the kanji.
ๆ–ผ
้ง
ใŠ
(h/k)
40
ๆ–ผใ‘ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‘ใ‚‹
in; at
The katakana form is based on the left side of the kanji only.
The character featured here did not appear in vol. 1, but its
primitive elements should be easy to recognize.
the kana and their kanji
็‰Ÿ
41
็‰Ÿ็”ฐ
ใƒ 
(k)
ใ‚€ใŸ
Muta (surname)
| 17
The katakana form is based on the ๏ฌrst 2 strokes of the kanji.
This character, rare in modern Japanese except for names,
was not introduced in vol. 1.
็ฅข
้จฐ
ใƒ
(h/k)
42
็ฅขๅฎœ
ใญใŽ
low-ranking Shinto priest
The katakana form is based on the left side of the kanji only.
It is rare and did not appear in vol. 1.
ไน…
้งญ
ใ‚ฏ
(h/k) 1638, 2157
43
ไน…็ฑณ
ใใ‚
Kume (surname)
ใƒฐ [ใ„]
(k) 1707, 1951
ใ„ใฉ
a well
ไบ•
44
ไบ•ๆˆธ
1016
1806
The katakana based on this character has become obsolete.
็พŽ
้ฉŽ
ใƒŸ
(h) 1111, 1457
45
ๆ–ฐ็พŽ
ใซใ„ใฟ
Niimi (surname)
548
The hiragana form is based on the ๏ฌnal 3 strokes of the kanji.
The readings of both characters in the exemplary compound
are rare, except for names.
่‰ฏ
้ฉค
ใƒฉ
(h/k) 892
46
ๅฅˆ่‰ฏ
ใชใ‚‰
Nara (place-name)
ๅฅด
้จซ
ใƒŒ
(h/k) 191
47
ๅฅด็”ฐ
ใฌใ 
Nuda (surname)
1468
702
The katakana form is clearly drawn from the right side of
18 | remembering the kanji 2
the kanji only. The reading of the parent kanji is rare, except
in proper names.
ๆ›ฝ
้จ
ใ‚ฝ
(h/k) 1190
48
ไธญๆ›ฝๆ น
ใชใ‹ใใญ
Nakasone (surname)
501
The reading shown here is used only in names. Note that the
reading combines kun and on readings.
Of the 48 kanji given above, a number were indicated as having rare readings
or readings chie๏ฌ‚y used in proper names. Those that happen to be general-use
kanji will be assigned more common readings in later chapters, as you will
notice from the inclusion of an internal cross-reference number.
We now turn to kanji whose readings di๏ฌ€er from the pronunciation of the
kana which they serve as parent kanji by virtue of an extra syllable which is
present in the kanji but not in the kana that comes from it. We begin with 3
characters whose readings lengthen the vowel of the kana syllable, making it a
diphthong.
่จˆ
้งฎ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
(h)
49
่จˆ็”ป
ใ‘ใ„ใ‹ใ
scheme; plan
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
(h/k) 803
ๆฏ›
50
ๆฏ›ๅธƒ
ใ‚‚ใ†ใต
blanket
็คผ
้ฉช
ใƒฌใ‚ค
(h/k) 2114
51
ๅคฑ็คผ
ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„
discourtesy; impoliteness
337
1913
1087
The hiragana form is based on the whole kanji, the katakana
on the right side only.
As in the last 3 frames, the readings of the kanji in the following 5 frames add
a ๏ฌnal syllable ใ‚“ , which is absent in their kana pronunciation.
the kana and their kanji
ๅฎ‰
้ง’
ใ‚ขใƒณ
(h/k) 314
52
ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒ
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
peace of mind
ๅฏธ
้งป
ใ‚นใƒณ
(h)
53
ๅฏธๆณ•
ใ™ใ‚“ใฝใ†
measurement
ๅคฉ
้จ’
ใƒ†ใƒณ
(h/k)
54
ๅคฉๅ›ฝ
ใฆใ‚“ใ”ใ
heaven; paradise
ใ‚ตใƒณ
(k)
ใ•ใ‚“ใฝ
a walk; stroll
ๆ•ฃ
55
ๆ•ฃๆญฉ
| 19
190
45
428
1189
The katakana comes from the ๏ฌrst 3 strokes of the kanji.
้ 
้ชฐ
ใ‚ชใƒณ
(h) 275
56
้ ๅœฐ
ใŠใ‚“ใก
Onchi (place-name)
402
This reading is rare, even in place-names.
The list of characters treated above does not cover all the kana, nor does it
begin to include all the possible alternative kanji that have served the function
now restricted to the kana. Unless you plan to start penning waka and haiku
poems in the classical style, the 56 characters of this chapter should more than
su๏ฌƒce as a background to the relationship between the kanji and the kana.
chapter 2
Pure Groups
The easiest groups of character-readings to learn are those that share common on readings by virtue of the presence of a common primitive element,
called here a signal primitive because it โ€œsignalsโ€ a particular sound for each
character in which it appears. Let us begin with a concrete example.
ไธญ
57
39
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ไธญๅ›ฝ
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ”ใ
China
As you learned in vol. 1, the character in the above frame serves as a primitive
element in a number of other characters with the meaning of โ€œin.โ€
Conveniently, the character itself also provides those characters with a
common on-yomi, namely ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ. In other words, each time you see this primitive element, you can be sure what the Chinese reading will be. Among all the
kanji treated in vol. 1, there are three characters that ๏ฌt this pattern. All you
need do to learn their Chinese reading is to recognize them as possessing the
signal primitive.
If all the primitive elements served as signal primitives, things would be
easier. It might even make sense to study the reading and writing of the kanji
together. Alas, this is not the case, so it is best to forget about primitive elements
throughout this book.
ๅฟ 
58
602
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅฟ ๅ‘Š
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใ
admonition; warning
pure groups
ๆฒ–
59
ไปฒ
60
138
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆฒ–ๅคฉ
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฆใ‚“
ascendancy; rising to the sky
956
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ไปฒไป‹
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ„
| 21
agency; mediation
There are other โ€œpure groupsโ€โ€”and these are clearly the majorityโ€”in which
the signal primitive is not itself a kanji, or at least not one included in the list of
those we studied. In these cases, the signal primitive is set o๏ฌ€ immediately to
the right of the kanji treated in the frame. An example follows immediately.
Unless some other explanation is given, the use of proper names for exemplary compounds is meant to indicate that this reading is used exclusively or
chie๏ฌ‚y for names in modern Japanese.
่ˆ—
61
็”ซ
ใƒ›
913
ๅบ—่ˆ—
ใฆใ‚“ใฝ
a shop; store
่ฃœ
62
ๆตฆ
63
ใปใ˜ใ‚‡ใใ‚“
(๏ฌnancial) subsidy
1837
ใƒ›
ๆตฆ้ฌผ
ๆ•
64
1840
ใƒ›
่ฃœๅŠฉ้‡‘
ใปใ
Hoki (surname)
1836
ใƒ›
้€ฎๆ•
ใŸใ„ใป
1839
arrest; capture
The size of particular โ€œpure groupsโ€ varies. Some are as large as 8, others as
small as 2. Since the larger groups are, obviously, easier to learn, we begin with
those containing 4 or more kanji. Be careful to note the special conditions
that occasionally accompany the signal primitives.
22 | remembering the kanji 2
้•ท
65
็คพ้•ท
ๅผต
66
ไธปๅผต
้€šๅธณ
่†จ่„น
ไป˜ไธŽ
ๆ”ฟๅบœ
1922
ใคใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
bankbook; passbook
1923
ใผใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
swelling; in๏ฌ‚ation
1000
ใตใ‚ˆ
an allowance; grant
1002
ใ›ใ„ใต
government
1001
ใƒ•
็ฌฆๅท
้™„
72
emphasis; insistence
ใƒ•
็ฌฆ
71
ใ—ใ‚…ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใƒ•
ๅบœ
70
1921
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไป˜
69
company president
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
่„น
68
ใ—ใ‚ƒใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅธณ
67
1920
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใตใ”ใ†
cipher; mark; symbol
1303
ใƒ•
้™„่ฟ‘
ใตใใ‚“
vicinity
This character is still used today as an alternative to that in
frame 69, as the example illustrates.
่…
73
1023
ใƒ•
่ฑ†่…
ใจใ†ใต
bean curd; tลfu
pure groups
็พฉ
74
่ญฐ
75
ไผš่ญฐ
็คผๅ„€
็Š ็‰ฒ
้’ๅนด
็ฒพ
79
็ฒพ็ฅž
ๆธ…
80
ๆธ…ๆฝ”
ๆ™ด
81
ๆ™ดๅคฉ
้™
82
้™ๆญข
่ซ‹
83
642
ใ‹ใ„ใŽ
meeting; conference
984
ใ‚Œใ„ใŽ
etiquette; courtesy
643
ใ‚ฎ
้’
78
social duty; obligation
ใ‚ฎ
็Š 
77
ใŽใ‚Š
ใ‚ฎ
ๅ„€
76
641
ใ‚ฎ
็พฉ็†
็”ณ่ซ‹
| 23
ใŽใ›ใ„
sacri๏ฌce
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1524
ใ›ใ„ใญใ‚“
young man; youth
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1525
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚“
mind; psyche
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1526
ใ›ใ„ใ‘ใค
clean; cleanliness
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1528
ใ›ใ„ใฆใ‚“
clear skies
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
834, 1529
ใ›ใ„ใ—
a standstill
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1527
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
application; petition
1534
1535
1539
1538
1540
1536
24 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆƒ…
84
้ขจๆƒ…
ไบ”
85
ไบ”ไบบ
ๅพไบบ
่ฆšๆ‚Ÿ
ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชž
็™ฝไบบ
ๆณŠ
90
ไธ€ๆณŠ
17
ใ”ใ˜ใ‚“
we [rare]
622
ใ‹ใใ”
resolve; preparedness
347
ใซใปใ‚“ใ”
Japanese language
ใƒใ‚ฏ
542
ใฏใใ˜ใ‚“
white people; Caucasians
ใ„ใฃใฑใ
ๅˆ‡่ฟซ
ๆ‹ๆ‰‹
37
147
a nightโ€™s stay
282
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๆ‹
92
5 people
ใƒใ‚ฏ
่ฟซ
91
ใ”ใซใ‚“
1537
5
ใ‚ด
็™ฝ
89
air; appearance
ใ‚ด
่ชž
88
ใตใœใ„
ใ‚ด
ๆ‚Ÿ
87
1530
ใ‚ด
ๅพ
86
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใ›ใฃใฑใ
to be tense; be imminent
ใƒใ‚ฏ
2044
ใฏใใ—ใ‚…
applause
652
pure groups
่ˆถ
93
ไผฏ
94
ไผฏไปฒ
ๅŒ…ไธ
้‰„็ ฒ
ๆฐดๆณก
to be equal to; be a match for
530
ใปใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
kitchen knife; cleaver
532
ใฆใฃใฝใ†
cannon
533
ใ™ใ„ใปใ†
bubbles; foam
645
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ไป‹ๆŠฑ
่ƒž
99
ใฏใใกใ‚…ใ†
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๆŠฑ
98
967
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๆณก
97
imported goods
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
็ ฒ
96
ใฏใใ‚‰ใ„ใฒใ‚“
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๅŒ…
95
1869
ใƒใ‚ฏ
่ˆถๆฅๅ“
ใ‹ใ„ใปใ†
nursing; care
531
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๅŒ่ƒž
้ฃฝ
ใฉใ†ใปใ†
compatriots; countrymen
1480
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
100
้ฃฝ้ฃŸ
ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
ๅฌข
่†Š
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
101
ๅฌข
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
| 25
saturation
1530
daughter; girl
26 | remembering the kanji 2
่ญฒ
102
่ญฒๆญฉ
ๅฃŒ
103
ๅœŸๅฃŒ
้†ธ้€ 
ๅฏ่ƒฝ
ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆ
ๅ‡บ่ท
ๆ กๆญŒ
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใžใ†
brewing; distillation
93
ใ‹ใฎใ†
possibility
1012
ใใ‹ใŒใ
geometry
1013
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ‹
shipping; consignment
469
ใ“ใ†ใ‹
school song
146
ใ‚ซ
ๆฒณๅท
ๅŒ–
110
1527
ใ‚ซ
ๆฒณ
109
the soil
ใ‚ซ
ๆญŒ
108
ใฉใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ซ
่ท
107
1529
ใ‚ซ
ไฝ•
106
concession; compromise
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฏ
105
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใป
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
้†ธ
104
1528
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅŒ–ๅญฆ
ใ‹ใ›ใ‚“
rivers; rivers and streams
ใ‚ซ
1563
ใ‹ใŒใ
chemistry
1008
The signal primitive must stand alone, with nothing to its
right, in order to carry the sound.
pure groups
่Šฑ
111
่ฒจ
112
่ฒจ็‰ฉ
๏ฌ‚ower bed; ๏ฌ‚ower garden
1010
ใ‹ใ‚‚ใค
freight
1894
ใ‚ซ
่ฃฝ้ด
ๅทฅ
114
ใ‹ใ ใ‚“
ใ‚ซ
้ด
113
1009
ใ‚ซ
่Šฑๅฃ‡
ไบบๅทฅ
| 27
ใ›ใ„ใ‹
shoemaking
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1544
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
man-made
76
The signal primitive in this group must assume a โ€œprominent positionโ€ in the character in order to carry the sound
with it. When it is tucked away in a corner of the character
as a minor element, as in the kanji ็ฏ‰, it loses that function.
ๅŠŸ
115
ๆˆๅŠŸ
ๆ”ป
116
ๅฐ‚ๆ”ป
้•ทๆฑŸ
็ด…
118
2193
ใ›ใ„ใ“ใ†
success
็ด…่Œถ
863
330
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆฑŸ
117
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
๏ฌeld of specialization
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
(28)
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ†
long river
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
2200
ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚ƒ
(black) tea
139
1355
28 | remembering the kanji 2
้ …
119
้ …็›ฎ
่ฒข
120
่ฒข็Œฎ
ๅทง
121
ๆŠ€ๅทง
ๅธไผš่€…
ๆญŒ่ฉž
้ฃผ่‚ฒ
ไผบๅ€™
service; contribution
ใŽใ“ใ†
ใ—ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ใ‹ใ—
ใ—ใ„ใ
ใ—ใ“ใ†
ๅ—ฃๅญ
ใ—ใ—
technique; skill
1863
chairperson; emcee
1865
song lyrics
1866
breeding (of livestock)
1864
attendance; waiting upon
1867
heir; successor
1271
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆ•™ๅฎ˜
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
81
1241
ใ‚ท
ๅฎ˜
127
ใ“ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
ใ‚ท
ๅ—ฃ
126
2094
ใ‚ท
ไผบ
125
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ท
้ฃผ
124
item; clause
ใ‚ท
่ฉž
123
ใ“ใ†ใ‚‚ใ
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅธ
122
82
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
teacher; professor
| 29
pure groups
็ฎก
128
็ฎก็†
ๆฃบ
129
1273
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Š
administration; management
1272
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆฃบ่ปŠ
้คจ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
hearse
1478
ใ‚ซใƒณ
130
้คจ้•ท
ใ‹ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ๅ€น
่†ฉ
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
131
ๅ€น็ด„
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚„ใ
economizing
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
2155
ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“
test; examination
้จ“
132
่ฉฆ้จ“
้™บ
133
ๅ†’้™บ
ๆคœๆŸป
adventure
1673
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ•
inspection
1671
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๅ‰ฃ้“
้บป
136
ใผใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
ใ‘ใ‚“ใฉใ†
Japanese โ€œway of the swordโ€
593
ใƒž
้บป่–ฌ
ใพใ‚„ใ
1980
1672
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๅ‰ฃ
135
1674
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๆคœ
134
superintendent of a building
narcotics
30 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‘ฉ
137
ๆ‘ฉๅคฉๆฅผ
็ฃจ
138
็ ”็ฃจ
้ญ”ๅฅณ
ๅฃซๅฎ˜
ๅ‡บไป•
ๅฟ—
142
ๅฏธๅฟ—
้›‘่ชŒ
2022
ใพใ˜ใ‚‡
witch
319
ใ—ใ‹ใ‚“
commissioned o๏ฌƒcer
ใ‚ท
2202
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ—
attendance (at work)
ใ™ใ‚“ใ—
ใ–ใฃใ—
็”ณ่ซ‹
็ฒพ็ฅž
960
600
small token (of gratitude)
601
magazine
1117
ใ‚ทใƒณ
็ฅž
145
grinding; polishing
ใ‚ท
็”ณ
144
ใ‘ใ‚“ใพ
ใ‚ท
่ชŒ
143
594
ใ‚ท
ไป•
141
skyscraper
ใƒž
ๅฃซ
140
ใพใฆใ‚“ใ‚ใ†
ใƒž
้ญ”
139
639
ใƒž
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
application; petition
ใ‚ทใƒณ
1110
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚“
mind; psyche
1119
pure groups
ไผธ
146
1118
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ไผธๅผต
็ดณ
ใ—ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
elongation; extension
1361
ใ‚ทใƒณ
147
็ดณๅฃซ
ใ—ใ‚“ใ—
็ต„
ไธ”
ใ‚ฝ
148
็ต„็น”
ใใ—ใ
| 31
gentleman
1776
organization
The signal primitive must appear on the right, alone.
็ฅ–
149
็ฅ–ๅ…ˆ
็งŸ
150
ใใ›ใ‚“
็งŸ็จŽ
1778
ใใœใ„
taxation
1777
ใ‚ฝ
็ฒ—ๆœซ
้˜ป
ใใพใค
crude; shabby
1780
ใ‚ฝ
152
้˜ปๆญข
ใใ—
ไฝŽ
ๆฐ
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
153
ไฝŽ็ดš
ใฆใ„ใใ‚…ใ†
ๆŠต
154
ancestors
ใ‚ฝ
็ฒ—
151
1779
ใ‚ฝ
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๅคงๆŠต
ใŸใ„ใฆใ„
obstruction; hindrance
1831
low-class
1832
by and large; for the most part
32 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅบ•
155
ๆตทๅบ•
้‚ธ
ใ‹ใ„ใฆใ„
็ง้‚ธ
ใ—ใฆใ„
้ฉ
ๅ•‡
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
157
้ฉๅˆ‡
ใฆใใ›ใค
ๆ•ต
ๆ•ตๅœฐ
ไธ–ๅซก
ๆ‘˜
160
1841
private residence
441
apt; ๏ฌtting
443
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
ๅซก
159
bottom of the sea
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
156
158
1833
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ใฆใใก
enemy territory
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
2180
ใ›ใ„ใฆใ
legitimate wife or child
657
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
ๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜
ๆปด
ใ—ใฆใ
pointing out; indication
442
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
161
ไธ€ๆปด
ใ„ใฃใฆใ
ๅ€
ๅ’…
ใƒใ‚ค
162
ไธ‰ๅ€
ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ„
440
one drop
992
triple; three times
The signal primitive must stand to the right, alone.
ๅŸน
163
477
ใƒใ‚ค
ๅŸน้คŠ
ใฐใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
nurture; cultivate
pure groups
้™ช
164
่ณ 
165
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
dining with a superior
476
ใƒใ‚ค
่ณ ๅ„Ÿ
ๅŠ
166
1299
ใƒใ‚ค
้™ช้ฃŸ
ๅŠๅˆ†
| 33
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
compensation; indemnity
ใƒใƒณ
1180
ใฏใ‚“ใถใ‚“
half
1201
The signal primitive must stand clearly on its own.
ๅˆค
167
ๅˆคๅฎš
็•”
168
ๆน–็•”
ไผด
ใƒใƒณ
1178
ใฏใ‚“ใฆใ„
judgment
ใƒใƒณ
1181
ใ“ใฏใ‚“
lakeside; along a lake
ใƒใƒณ
1179
company; companion
169
ๅŒไผด
ใฉใ†ใฏใ‚“
่ฌ›
ๅ†“
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
170
่ฌ›็พฉ
ใ“ใ†ใŽ
ๆง‹
171
่ณผ
172
ใใ“ใ†
ใ“ใ†ใซใ‚…ใ†
1203
lecture
1818
organization; structure
1817
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่ณผๅ…ฅ
1204
1816
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆฉŸๆง‹
1205
purchase; buying
34 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆบ
173
ๆŽ’ๆฐดๆบ
ๆ›น
174
ๆณ•ๆ›น็•Œ
ๆฐดๆงฝ
ใปใ†ใใ†ใ‹ใ„
ใ™ใ„ใใ†
้ญ้‡
ใใ†ใใ†
ๅ›žๆผ•
ใ‹ใ„ใใ†
่ผธ
่‡ผ
ใƒฆ
178
่ผธๅ‡บ
ใ‚†ใ—ใ‚…ใค
ๆ„‰
1176
water tank
1174
encounter
1175
sea carriage; marine transport
289
exports
628
ใƒฆ
ๆ„‰ๆฅฝ
่ซญ
ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใ
pleasure; joy
352
ใƒฆ
ๆ•™่ซญ
็™’
181
legal circles; judicial world
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
177
180
1173
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆผ•
179
waterway; drainage ditch
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
้ญ
176
ใฏใ„ใ™ใ„ใ“ใ†
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆงฝ
175
1819
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚†
instructor
2037
ใƒฆ
็™’็€
ใ‚†ใกใ‚ƒใ
conglutination; healing up
pure groups
| 35
The above group of kanji with their on readings represents by far the easiest
treated in this book. Still, it is important to master them well before moving
on, if for no other reason than to make sure you have understood what signal
primitives are and how they work.
When you are reviewing (see Introduction, p. 4), do so only from the
compound (not the character) to the reading and meaningโ€”not the reverse.
And remember not to clog your memory with useless information (for example, which signal primitives share the same pronunciation). Once you are con๏ฌdent of your progress so far, you can go on to the next group of 114 kanji. They
are also of the โ€œpureโ€ type, but number only 3 to a group.
ๆœฑ
182
ๆœฑ็ญ†
ๆฎŠ
183
็‰นๆฎŠ
็œŸ็ 
ๆ™ฎๅŠ
ใจใใ—ใ‚…
special; particular
258
ใ—ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…
pearl
688
ใตใใ‚…ใ†
dissemination
689
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅธๅŽ
็ดš
187
810
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅธ
186
red (vermilion) brush
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
ๅŠ
185
ใ—ใ‚…ใฒใค
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
็ 
184
221
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
absorption
1353
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้ซ˜็ดš
ใ“ใ†ใใ‚…ใ†
top grade; high quality
36 | remembering the kanji 2
็Ÿฅ
188
็Ÿฅๆต
็—ด
189
็—ดๆผข
ไธŠๆ™บ
ๅฅด้šท
ๆ€’
192
ๆ€’ๆฐ—
ๅŠชๅŠ›
ๆฐธ้ 
1224
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใก
supreme wisdom
ใƒ‰
47
ใฉใ‚Œใ„
slave
ใฉใ
ใฉใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
ใˆใ„ใˆใ‚“
ๆฐดๆณณ
ใ™ใ„ใˆใ„
anger; indignation
865
e๏ฌ€ort; exertion
132
eternity
136
swimming
345
ใ‚จใ‚ค
่ฉ ๆญŒ
ใˆใ„ใ‹
702
703
ใ‚จใ‚ค
่ฉ 
196
molester (of women)
ใ‚จใ‚ค
ๆณณ
195
ใกใ‹ใ‚“
1223
1683
ใƒ‰
ๆฐธ
194
wisdom
ใƒ‰
ๅŠช
193
ใกใˆ
ใƒ
ๅฅด
191
9
ใƒ
ๆ™บ
190
ใƒ
composing a song or poem
pure groups
ๅ™ด
่ณ
ใƒ•ใƒณ
1039
197
ๅ™ดๆฐด
ใตใ‚“ใ™ใ„
fountain
ๆ†ค
198
ๅขณ
199
ๅคๅขณ
ๅ‘‰ๆœ
ใ“ใตใ‚“
ใ”ใตใ
ๅจฏๆฅฝ
ใ”ใ‚‰ใ
1897
dry goods; draperies
1898
amusement; entertainment
1899
ใ‚ด
202
่ชค่งฃ
ใ”ใ‹ใ„
็ทจ
ๆ‰
ใธใƒณ
203
็ทจ้›†
ใธใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
ๅ
misunderstanding
1825
editing
1823
ใธใƒณ
ๅ่ฆ‹
้
205
tumulus; old burial grounds
ใ‚ด
่ชค
204
1198
ใ‚ด
ๅจฏ
201
righteous indignation
ใƒ•ใƒณ
ๅ‘‰
200
ใŽใตใ‚“
ใธใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“
bias
1824
ใธใƒณ
ๆ™ฎ้
ใตใธใ‚“
1197
1199
ใƒ•ใƒณ
็พฉๆ†ค
| 37
universal
38 | remembering the kanji 2
็ฅจ
206
ๆŠ•็ฅจ
ๆผ‚
207
ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†
ๆผ‚็™ฝ
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใฏใ
็›ฎๆจ™
ใ‚‚ใใฒใ‚‡ใ†
ๆ…ˆ
่Œฒ
ใ‚ธ
209
ๆ…ˆๆ„›
ใ˜ใ‚ใ„
็ฃ
็ฃๆฐ—
ๆป‹้คŠ
target; aim
1389
kindness and love
1390
ใ˜ใ
magnetism
1388
ใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†
nourishment
508
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๅ‡บๅปท
่‰‡
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใฆใ„
appearance in court
1876
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
่‰ฆ่‰‡
ๅบญ
214
1608
ใ‚ธ
ๅปท
213
bleaching
ใ‚ธ
ๆป‹
212
1607
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
208
211
casting a vote
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆจ™
210
1606
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใฆใ„
naval vessels; a ๏ฌ‚eet
590
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๆ กๅบญ
ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„
school grounds; campus
| 39
pure groups
้Ž
ๅ’ผ
ใ‚ซ
215
้€š้Ž
ใคใ†ใ‹
ๆธฆ
216
ๆธฆไธญ
็ฆ็ฆ
ใ‹ใกใ‚…ใ†
ๅฅ‡ๆ•ฐ
ใ‹ใตใ
ใใ™ใ†
ๅฏ„ไป˜
ใใต
fortune and misfortune
126
an odd number
192
donation
1981
ใ‚ญ
220
้จŽๅฃซ
ใใ—
ๅ‘
ไบข
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
221
ๅ‘้“
ใ“ใ†ใฉใ†
่ˆช
knight
306
mine shaft
1870
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่ˆชๆตท
ๆŠ—
223
1291
ใ‚ญ
้จŽ
222
in a whirlpool
ใ‚ญ
ๅฏ„
219
1292
ใ‚ซ
ๅฅ‡
218
transit; passage
ใ‚ซ
็ฆ
217
1293
ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ„
sea voyage; crossing the ocean
648
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆŠตๆŠ—
ใฆใ„ใ“ใ†
resistance
40 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅทจ
224
ๅทจไบบ
ๆ‹’
225
ใใ‚‡ใ˜ใ‚“
ๆ‹’ๅฆ
ใใ‚‡ใฒ
่ท้›ข
ใใ‚‡ใ‚Š
็‡ฅ
ๅ–ฟ
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
227
ไนพ็‡ฅ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใใ†
ๆ“
ๆ“็ธฆ
ๆตท่—ป
distance
215
dryness
671
ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
piloting; maneuvering
2035
ใ‹ใ„ใใ†
seaweed
934
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่ฆๆฑ‚
ๆ•‘
ใ‚ˆใ†ใใ‚…ใ†
demand; request
936
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆ•‘ๆ€ฅ่ปŠ
็ƒ
232
1281
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆฑ‚
231
denial; rejection
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
่—ป
230
857
ใ‚ญใƒง
226
229
a giant
ใ‚ญใƒง
่ท
228
856
ใ‚ญใƒง
ใใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ambulance
935
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้‡Ž็ƒ
ใ‚„ใใ‚…ใ†
baseball
pure groups
ไบŒ
233
ๅไบŒ
ๅผ
234
ๅผไธ‡ๅ††
ไป็Ž‹้–€
ๅˆฉ
236
ๅˆฉ็”จ
ๆขจ
237
1
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใซ
twelve
ใซใพใ‚“ใˆใ‚“
¥20,000
ใƒ‹
32, 2056
ใซใŠใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
temple gate with Deva Kings
ใƒช
10
ใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†
use
ๆขจๅœ’
ใ‚Šใˆใ‚“
ไธ‹็—ข
ใ’ใ‚Š
ๅƒš
ๅฐž
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
239
ๅฎ˜ๅƒš
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
ๅฏฎ
็™‚
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ…ใกใ‚‡ใ†
1687
diarrhea
1707
bureaucracy
1708
dormitory superintendent
1709
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
็™‚้คŠ
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
906
theatrical world
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฏฎ้•ท
988
907
ใƒช
238
241
355
ใƒช
็—ข
240
2
ใƒ‹
ไป
235
ใƒ‹
| 41
medical care; recuperation
42 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆŽก
้‡‡
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
242
ๆŽก็‚น
ใ•ใ„ใฆใ‚“
่œ
243
้‡Ž่œ
ๅฝฉ่‰ฒ
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
ๆด—
246
ใ‚„ใ•ใ„
1714
ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ
coloring
ใ‚ปใƒณ
1833
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
teacher
ๆด—่ปŠ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
้Š‘้‰„
ใ›ใ‚“ใฆใค
ๆ–ฐ
่‡Ÿ
ใ‚ทใƒณ
248
ๆ–ฐ่ž
ใ—ใ‚“ใถใ‚“
่–ช
car wash
270
pig iron
1502
newspaper
1503
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่–ชๆฐด
่ฆช
ใ—ใ‚“ใ™ใ„
fuel and water
1504
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่ฆชๅˆ‡
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใค
248
249
ใ‚ปใƒณ
247
250
vegetables
ใ‚ปใƒณ
้Š‘
249
734
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅ…ˆ
245
grading exams
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅฝฉ
244
733
kind; thoughtful
pure groups
ไพต
่ˆ
ใ‚ทใƒณ
251
ไพตๅ…ฅ
ใ—ใ‚“ใซใ‚…ใ†
ๆตธ
252
ๅฏ
253
ๅฏๅฎค
ๆ–‡็ซ 
่กจๅฝฐ
้šœๅญ
ๆœฌๅทž
ใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใค
bedroom
433
ใถใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
a sentence (of writing)
1715
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
commendation
1297
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜
Japanese sliding paper windows
128
ใปใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
(Japanโ€™s) main island
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅ…ญๅคงๆดฒ
้…ฌ
259
1150
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆดฒ
258
๏ฌ‚ooding
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅทž
257
ใ—ใ‚“ใ™ใ„
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
้šœ
256
1149
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฝฐ
255
invasion
ใ‚ทใƒณ
็ซ 
254
1148
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๆตธๆฐด
| 43
ใ‚ใใ ใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
the โ€œ6โ€ continents
1432
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅฟœ้…ฌ
ใŠใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
retort; repartee
44 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅฃฎ
260
ๅฃฎๅคง
่˜
261
ๅˆฅ่˜
ๆœ่ฃ…
็›ธ
263
็›ธ่ซ‡
ๆƒณ
264
ๆ€ๆƒณ
้œœ
265
้œœๅฎณ
ๅๅ‰‡
ในใฃใใ†
resort; villa
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
2138
ใตใใใ†
dress; attire
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
1565, 2088
ใใ†ใ ใ‚“
consultation
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
2090
ใ—ใใ†
thought; thinking
ใใ†ใŒใ„
ใฏใ‚“ใใ
ๆธฌ้‡
ใใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
ใใใ‚ใ‚“
209
609
frost damage
88
foul; infraction
149
surveying; fathoming
975
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ๅด้ข
398
426
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ๅด
268
322
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ๆธฌ
267
grandeur; magni๏ฌcence
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๅ‰‡
266
ใใ†ใ ใ„
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
่ฃ…
262
321
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
aspect; facet
pure groups
ไปฃ
269
ไบคไปฃ
่ฒธ
270
่ฒธไธŽ
้ƒต่ข‹
taking turns; exchange
ใŸใ„ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚†ใ†ใŸใ„
็”ฒไน™ไธ™
ใ“ใ†ใŠใคใธใ„
loan; lending
1006
mail pouch; mailbag
1020
a, b, c (old enumeration)
1021
ใธใ‚ค
ๆจชๆŸ„
็—…
ใŠใ†ใธใ„
arrogance
ใธใ‚ค
1158
274
็–พ็—…
ใ—ใฃใƒšใ„
illness
้ 
่ข
ใ‚จใƒณ
56
275
ๆฐธ้ 
ใˆใ„ใˆใ‚“
eternity
ๅœ’
276
็Œฟ
277
ใฆใ„ใˆใ‚“
ใ‚„ใˆใ‚“
402
(Japanese) garden
403
ใ‚จใƒณ
้‡Ž็Œฟ
1682
585
ใ‚จใƒณ
ๅบญๅœ’
1005
1007
ใธใ‚ค
ๆŸ„
273
ใ“ใ†ใŸใ„
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ไธ™
272
1099
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
่ข‹
271
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
| 45
wild monkey
46 | remembering the kanji 2
่‹—
278
็จฎ่‹—
ๆ
279
็‚นๆ
ๆ„›็Œซ
ๅฎถๅบญ
ๅซ
282
่ปขๅซ
็จผๅ‹•
็ฒ—ๆœซ
ๆฒซ
285
a sketch; pro๏ฌle
244
ใ‚ใ„ใณใ‚‡ใ†
pet cat
ใ‚ซ
1853
ใ‹ใฆใ„
home
541
542
ใฆใ‚“ใ‹
remarrying (archaic)
893
ใ‹ใฉใ†
operation (of a factory); work
ใƒžใƒ„
2166
ใใพใค
plain; coarse
ๆณกๆฒซ
ใปใ†ใพใค
bubbles; foam
644
ใƒžใƒ„
ๆŠนๆฎบ
ใพใฃใ•ใค
217
218
ใƒžใƒ„
ๆŠน
286
ใฆใ‚“ใณใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ซ
ๆœซ
284
670
ใ‚ซ
็จผ
283
seeds and seedlings
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฎถ
281
ใ—ใ‚…ใณใ‚‡ใ†
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
็Œซ
280
234
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
obliteration
pure groups
ๆ—จ
287
ๆŒ‡
288
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ—
ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ
ใ—ใฉใ†
่„‚่‚ช
ใ—ใผใ†
ๅณก
่…ฎ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
290
ๆตทๅณก
ใ‹ใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†
็‹ญ
guidance
456
fat
1265
straits; sound; channel
1266
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ็‹ญ
ๆŒŸ
ใธใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†
narrow-minded
1267
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
292
ๆŒŸๆ’ƒ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ
ๆฉ‹
ๅ–ฌ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
293
้‰„ๆฉ‹
ใฆใฃใใ‚‡ใ†
็Ÿฏ
catch in a cross๏ฌre
429
iron bridge
1221
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
็Ÿฏๆญฃ
ๅฌŒ
295
659
ใ‚ท
289
294
the gist; essentials
ใ‚ท
่„‚
291
455
ใ‚ท
่ฆๆ—จ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„
reform; correction
430
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ„›ๅฌŒ
ใ‚ใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†
| 47
a๏ฌ€able; charming
48 | remembering the kanji 2
Having completed the larger of the โ€œpure groups,โ€ we now come to the more
di๏ฌƒcult: those with only 2 kanji. Although the groups are small, learning them
by means of their signal primitives will come in useful later, once you have left
the con๏ฌnes of the general-use kanji. That is to say, many of the signal primitives we are learning here are not restricted to the characters we treat.
้Œฒ
่ˆ‚
ใƒญใ‚ฏ
296
่จ˜้Œฒ
ใใ‚ใ
record; annals
ใƒญใ‚ฏ
2191
ใ‚ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
verdigris; green rust
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
992
ใŒใ‚“ใ˜ใค
New Yearโ€™s Day
็ท‘
297
็ท‘้’
ๅ…ƒ
298
ๅ…ƒๆ—ฅ
้ ‘
299
้ ‘ๅ›บ
ๅนพไฝ•ๅญฆ
ๆฉŸ
301
ๅฑˆ
302
stubborn; hardheaded
ใ‚ญ
29
ใใ‹ใŒใ
geometry
ใใ‹ใ„
้€€ๅฑˆ
ใŸใ„ใใค
ใ•ใ„ใใค
1381
opportunity
1060
boredom
1061
ใ‚ฏใƒ„
ๆŽกๆŽ˜
59
1382
ใ‚ฏใƒ„
ๆŽ˜
303
ใŒใ‚“ใ“
ใ‚ญ
ๆฉŸไผš
1371
61
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
ๅนพ
300
1144
working a mine; mining
pure groups
ๅ”
ๅŠฆ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
304
ๅ”ๅŠ›
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
่„…
่„…่ฟซ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏใ
็ท
ๅฟฉ
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
306
็ท่จˆ
ใใ†ใ‘ใ„
็ช“
ๅŒ็ช“
ใฉใ†ใใ†
ๅ”ฑ
ๆ˜Œ
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
308
ๅ”ฑๆญŒ
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
ๆ™ถ
ๆฐดๆ™ถ
ๅฟ่€…
1366
sum total
749
alumni
21
singing
22
ใ™ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
crystal
597
ใซใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
a โ€œninjaโ€ spy
598
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
ๅฆ่ช
่ฒž
312
blackmail
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
่ช
311
871
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฟ
310
cooperation
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
307
309
872
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
305
ใฒใซใ‚“
disapproval; denial
55
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
่ฒžๆ“
ใฆใ„ใใ†
| 49
chastity
50 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅต
313
ๅ†…ๅต
ๅฎ‰
314
ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒ
ๆกˆ
315
ๆกˆๅ†…
ไผๆŽก
ๆดพ้–ฅ
ๆšด้œฒ
็ˆ†
319
็ˆ†็™บ
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
peace of heart
ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ„
ใฐใฃใ•ใ„
guiding; information
994
felling trees; deforestation
1619
ใฏใฐใค
clique; faction
ใƒใ‚ฏ
1045
ใฐใใ‚
disclosure; uncovering
ใฐใใฏใค
ๅ†’้™บ
ใผใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
ใผใ†ใ—
1801
1802
explosion
18
adventure
408
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅธฝๅญ
190
214
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅธฝ
321
52
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๅ†’
320
ใ‚ขใƒณ
ใƒใƒ„
ๆšด
318
scouting
ใƒใƒ„
้–ฅ
317
ใชใ„ใฆใ„
ใ‚ขใƒณ
ไผ
316
981
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
hat; cap
pure groups
ๅƒ•
่
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
322
ๅƒ•
ใผใ
ๆ’ฒ
1794
I; me
1793
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
323
ๆ’ฒๆฎบ
ใผใใ•ใค
clubbing to death
็„ก
่ˆ…
ใƒ–
1123
324
็„ก็คผ
ใถใ‚Œใ„
discourtesy
่ˆž
325
็•œ
326
ๅฎถ็•œ
่“„้›ปๆฑ 
่ฑกๅพด
domestic animals; livestock
1385
ใกใใงใ‚“ใก
storage battery cell
887
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
symbol
888
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ‡ฒ็ฝฐ
ๆœ
330
ใ‹ใกใ
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ‡ฒ
329
1384
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๅพด
328
(theatre) stage
ใƒใ‚ฏ
่“„
327
ใถใŸใ„
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฐใค
disciplinary action; punishment
52
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆœ้ฃŸ
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
1775
1774
ใƒ–
่ˆžๅฐ
| 51
breakfast
52 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆฝฎ
331
ๆบ€ๆฝฎ
ๅ‹•
332
่‡ชๅ‹•่ปŠ
ๅŠดๅƒ
่ฏ้“
ๅฐŽ
335
ๆŒ‡ๅฐŽ
ไธ่ถณ
ไฟƒ้€ฒ
1678
ใ‚ใ†ใฉใ†
labor
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
1737
ใ‹ใฉใ†
the Japanese โ€œway of ๏ฌ‚owersโ€
ใ—ใฉใ†
ใตใใ
ใใใ—ใ‚“
่‡ชๆˆ‘
ใ˜ใŒ
guidance
1279
insu๏ฌƒciency
1280
promotion; facilitation
640
ego
1476
ใ‚ฌ
้ฃข้ค“
ใใŒ
277
278
ใ‚ฌ
้ค“
339
automobile
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ๆˆ‘
338
ใ˜ใฉใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ไฟƒ
337
1676
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
่ถณ
336
high tide
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
้“
334
ใพใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
ๅƒ
333
141
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
starvation; famishing
pure groups
ๆ™ฎ
340
่ญœ
341
ใตใใ‚…ใ†
ๆฅฝ่ญœ
ใŒใใต
ๅ‡กไพ‹
ใฏใ‚“ใ‚Œใ„
musical score
62
introductory remarks
406
ใƒใƒณ
343
ๅธ†่ˆน
ใฏใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
ๅนฃ
่…‹
ใธใ‚ค
344
็ด™ๅนฃ
ใ—ใธใ„
ๅผŠ
sailing vessel
1040
paper money
1041
ใธใ‚ค
ๅผŠๅฎณ
ๆฏ”
346
1787
ใƒใƒณ
ๅธ†
345
dissemination
ใƒ•
ๅ‡ก
342
1786
ใƒ•
ๆ™ฎๅŠ
ๆฏ”่ผƒ
| 53
ใธใ„ใŒใ„
evil; abuse
ใƒ’
21
ใฒใ‹ใ
comparison
447
The signal primitive must stand with nothing above or
below it.
ๆ‰น
347
ๆ‰นๅˆค
ๅ‘
348
649
ใƒ’
ใฒใฏใ‚“
criticism
1511
ใƒ’
ๅ‘ๅฑˆ
ใฒใใค
sneaky; obsequious
54 | remembering the kanji 2
็ข‘
349
็ข‘้Š˜
ๅ
350
ๆœ‰ๅ
้Š˜
ใฒใ‚ใ„
monument inscription; epitaph
ใƒกใ‚ค
2101
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„
famous
็ข‘้Š˜
ใฒใ‚ใ„
็ธซ
ๅค†
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
352
็ธซๅˆ
ใปใ†ใ”ใ†
ๅณฐ
ๆœ‹
354
ๆœ‹ๅ‹
ๅดฉๅฃŠ
1562
ใ“ใ†ใปใ†
lofty peak
19
ใปใ†ใ‚†ใ†
friend; companion
774
ใปใ†ใ‹ใ„
collapse
1546
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
่กจ่ฃ…
ไฟต
357
suture; stitching
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
่กจ
356
1563
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๅดฉ
355
monument inscription; epitaph
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
้ซ˜ๅณฐ
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†
mounting (a picture or hanging)
1547
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅœŸไฟต
ใฉใฒใ‚‡ใ†
112
275
ใƒกใ‚ค
351
353
1512
ใƒ’
sandbags; sumล ring
| 55
pure groups
ๅฐ‰
358
ๅฐ‰ๅฎ˜
ๆ…ฐ
359
ๆ…ฐๅฎ‰
ๅฎš็ด‹
้Œ 
361
้Œ 
ไน—่ปŠ
้Žๅ‰ฐ
ๅ—้จ“
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
1140
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
family crest
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‘ใ‚“
ๆ•™ๆŽˆ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚…
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
้œ€่ฆ
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚ˆใ†
382
383
lock
1585
riding in a car
1586
excess
735
sitting for an exam
736
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
้œ€
366
solace; comfort
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
ๆŽˆ
365
ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ—
364
1096
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ‰ฐ
363
(low-ranking) company o๏ฌƒcer
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไน—
362
ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ‚ค
ๅฎš
360
1095
ใ‚ค
professor
1165
demand (opposite of โ€œsupplyโ€)
56 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ„’
367
ๅ„’ๅญฆ
ๅพ“
368
ๅพ“ไบ‹
็ธฆ
ใ˜ใ‚…ใŒใ
Confucianism
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2091, 2207
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ˜
engagement; pursuit
ๆ“็ธฆ
ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
ๅกพ
ๅญฐ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฏ
370
ๅกพ้•ท
ใ˜ใ‚…ใใกใ‚‡ใ†
็†Ÿ
ๆˆ็†Ÿ
ไธญๆ—ฌ
principal of a private school
310
ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚…ใ
ripeness; maturity
67
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“
middle ten days of the month
809
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
ๆฎ‰ๆญป
็›พ
374
309
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
ๆฎ‰
373
piloting; maneuvering
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ๆ—ฌ
372
877
1338
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
369
371
1166
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ—
martyrโ€™s death
1853
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
็Ÿ›็›พ
ใ‚€ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“
contradiction
Literally: a lance that nothing can resist and a shield that
nothing can penetrate.
ๅพช
375
1854
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
ๅพช็’ฐ
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
cycle; rotation
pure groups
่ฟฐ
่ˆ‡
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ„
376
ๅ™่ฟฐ
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ˜ใ‚…ใค
่ก“
377
็š†
378
็š†็„ก
้šŽ็ดš
ใŽใ˜ใ‚…ใค
technology
449
ใ‹ใ„ใ‚€
nothing at all
1309
ใ‹ใ„ใใ‚…ใ†
social class
250
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ไปฒไป‹
็•Œ
381
1525
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ไป‹
380
description
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
้šŽ
379
1524
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ„
ๆŠ€่ก“
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ„
mediation; intermediation
251
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ไธ–็•Œ
ใ›ใ‹ใ„
| 57
world
The two kanji featured in the following two frames are unique in that each
allows a common second reading. Learn the next four frames as a unit.
ไผš
382
ไผš่จˆ
็ตต
383
็ตต็”ป
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
384
ใ‹ใ„ใ‘ใ„
accounts; accountant
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
385
ใ‹ใ„ใŒ
picture; painting
752
1346
58 | remembering the kanji 2
ไผš
384
ไผš้‡ˆ
็ตต
385
็ตตๆœฌ
ๆˆ’
386
ใ‚จ
382
ใˆใ—ใ‚ƒใ
salutations; a bow
ใ‚จ
383
ใˆใปใ‚“
picture book
ๆขฐ
ใ‹ใ„ใ‚Šใค
ๆฉŸๆขฐ
ใใ‹ใ„
ๅฃŠ
้ค 
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
388
ๅดฉๅฃŠ
ใปใ†ใ‹ใ„
ๆ‡
389
677
machine; mechanism
400
destruction; collapse
828
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
่ฟฐๆ‡
่ฒซ
390
(Buddhist) precepts
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
387
ใ˜ใ‚…ใฃใ‹ใ„
reminiscences
102
ใ‚ซใƒณ
่ฒซ้€š
ๆ…ฃ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใคใ†
piercing; penetration
627
ใ‚ซใƒณ
391
็ฟ’ๆ…ฃ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
ๆ›
ๅฅ
ใ‚ซใƒณ
392
ไบคๆ›
ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
1346
676
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๆˆ’ๅพ‹
752
custom; habit; convention
1043
interchange; exchange
pure groups
ๅ–š
ๅฌๅ–š
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
้‚„
่ˆˆ
ใ‚ซใƒณ
394
้‚„ๅ…ƒ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“
็’ฐ
395
ๅพช็’ฐ
ๆ™‚้–“
็ฐก
837
reduction
836
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
cycle; rotation
ใ‚ซใƒณ
1580
ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“
time
็ฐกๅ˜
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŸใ‚“
่„ณ
่ˆ‰
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
398
้ฆ–่„ณ
ใ—ใ‚…ใฎใ†
ๆ‚ฉ
simple; uncomplicated
1934
head of state or government
1935
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
399
่‹ฆๆ‚ฉ
ใใฎใ†
้š
้คž
ใ‚บใ‚ค
400
้šๅˆ†
ใšใ„ใถใ‚“
้ซ„
su๏ฌ€ering; distress
1298
fairly; pretty much
1290
ใ‚บใ‚ค
่„ณ้ซ„
ใฎใ†ใšใ„
1620
1621
ใ‚ซใƒณ
397
401
recall; reclamation
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้–“
396
1042
ใ‚ซใƒณ
393
| 59
the brains
60 | remembering the kanji 2
้ป„
402
้ป„้‡‘
ๆจช
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
1839
ใŠใ†ใ”ใ‚“
gold
ๆจชๆ–ญ
ใŠใ†ใ ใ‚“
ๆธ“
่ˆŒ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
404
ๆธ“่ฐท
ใ‘ใ„ใ“ใ
้ถ
405
้ถๅต
ๅปบ่ญฐ
ๅฅ
407
840
dale; valley
1947
ใ‘ใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚“
hen eggs
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
2104
ใ‘ใ‚“ใŽ
submission of a proposal
ไฟๅฅ
ใปใ‘ใ‚“
health protection; hygiene
513
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
็œŒๅบ
ๆ‡ธ
ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
391
974
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
็œŒ
408
crossing; cutting across
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๅปบ
406
1751
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
403
1750
prefectural o๏ฌƒce
1394
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
409
ๆ‡ธ่ณž
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
reward or prize
ๆฐ—
ๆฐ”
ใ‚ญ
1736
410
ๅคฉๆฐ—
ใฆใ‚“ใ
weather
1885
pure groups
ๆฑฝ
1886
ใ‚ญ
411
ๆฑฝ่ปŠ
ใใ—ใ‚ƒ
(steam) locomotive
ๅ‹ค
่†ค
ใ‚ญใƒณ
2224
412
ๅ‡บๅ‹ค
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใใ‚“
going to work
่ฌน
413
้ซ˜
414
ใใ‚“ใฆใ„
็จฟ
ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ†
ๅŽŸ็จฟ
ใ’ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
ไพฏ
่ˆ
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
416
็Ž‹ไพฏ
ใŠใ†ใ“ใ†
ๅ€™
ๅ€™่ฃœ
892
manuscript; original draft
1639
kings and princes
1640
ใ“ใ†ใป
candidacy
488
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่’้‡Ž
ๆ…Œ
419
high school
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่’
418
307
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
415
417
compliments of the author
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้ซ˜ๆ ก
ใ“ใ†ใ‚„
wasteland
624
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆๆ…Œ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ†
1577
1576
ใ‚ญใƒณ
่ฌนๅ‘ˆ
| 61
panic; alarm
62 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‡‡
่ฒ‡
ใ‚ณใƒณ
420
ๆ‡‡่ฆชไผš
ใ“ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
ๅขพ
421
้–‹ๅขพ
1971
ใ‹ใ„ใ“ใ‚“
reopening a wasteland
1288
ใ‚ณใƒ„
้ชจ้ซ„
ๆป‘
423
social reunion; reception
ใ‚ณใƒณ
้ชจ
422
1970
ๆป‘็จฝ
ใ“ใคใšใ„
bone marrow
ใ‚ณใƒ„
1757
ใ“ใฃใ‘ใ„
ludicrous; funny
1289
To accommodate this rare reading, a character not learned
in vol. 1 has been introduced. It means to โ€œpauseโ€ or โ€œponderโ€ and is most commonly met in the term ็จฝๅค (ใ‘ใ„ใ“),
meaning โ€œtrainingโ€ or โ€œexercise.โ€
้ƒŽ
424
ๆ–ฐ้ƒŽ
ๅปŠ
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚ใ†
bridegroom
1852
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
425
็”ปๅปŠ
ใŒใ‚ใ†
ๅ‹ฒ
้คฌ
ใ‚ฏใƒณ
426
ๅ‹ฒๅŠŸ
ใใ‚“ใ“ใ†
่–ซ
427
1851
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
painting gallery
1677
distinguished service
1681
ใ‚ฏใƒณ
่–ซ้ขจ
ใใ‚“ใทใ†
light, balmy breeze; zephyr
pure groups
ๅด
428
่„š
429
่„šๆœฌ
้ƒท
430
1395
ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ฏ
่ฟ”ๅด
ๆ•…้ƒท
้Ÿฟ
ใธใ‚“ใใ‚ƒใ
return; reimbursement
ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ฏ
2238
ใใ‚ƒใใปใ‚“
script; screenplay
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
2133
ใ“ใใ‚‡ใ†
oneโ€™s native place; hometown
431
ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ
ใˆใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†
in๏ฌ‚uence
ๅขƒ
็ซŸ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
2007
432
ๅขƒ็•Œ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„
boundary
้กๅฐ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„
ๆ…ข
ๆ›ผ
ใƒžใƒณ
434
ๆˆ‘ๆ…ข
ใŒใพใ‚“
ๆผซ
435
ๆ˜Ž
436
่ชฌๆ˜Ž
484
mirror-stand; dresser
829
patience; tolerance
830
ใƒžใƒณ
ๆผซ็”ป
1849
483
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
433
1396
1850
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
้ก
| 63
ใพใ‚“ใŒ
comic book; comics
ใƒกใ‚ค
1562
ใ›ใคใ‚ใ„
explanation
20
64 | remembering the kanji 2
็›Ÿ
437
ๅŒ็›Ÿ
ๆฐ‘
438
ๅ›ฝๆฐ‘
ๅฎ‰็œ 
ๅคฉ็„ถ
็‡ƒ
ใ“ใใฟใ‚“
1835
ใƒใƒณ
964
ใฆใ‚“ใญใ‚“
natural (not arti๏ฌcial)
ๆšฆ
่ˆ
ใƒฌใ‚ญ
442
้‚„ๆšฆ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Œใ
ๆญด
combustibility
213
oneโ€™s 60th birthday
376
ใƒฌใ‚ญ
ๆญดๅฒ
่พฒ
ใ‚Œใใ—
history
2014
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
่พฒๅญฆๆ ก
ๆฟƒ
ใฎใ†ใŒใฃใ“ใ†
agricultural school
2015
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
ๆฟƒๅŽš
ใฎใ†ใ“ใ†
241
510
ใƒใƒณ
ใ‹ใญใ‚“ใ›ใ„
445
people (of a country)
peaceful sleep
ๅฏ็‡ƒๆ€ง
444
1834
ใ‚ใ‚“ใฟใ‚“
441
443
association; alliance
ใƒŸใƒณ
็„ถ
440
ใฉใ†ใ‚ใ„
ใƒŸใƒณ
็œ 
439
1450
ใƒกใ‚ค
thickness; density
pure groups
็ฆ
446
่ฅŸ
447
่ฅŸๅบฆ
้“่ทฏ
้œฒ้ชจ
ๅˆ‘
450
ๆญปๅˆ‘
ๅŽŸๅž‹
่ญฆๅฏŸ
1282
ใฉใ†ใ‚
road
ใƒญ
2079
ใ‚ใ“ใค
frank; plain
ใ—ใ‘ใ„
ใ’ใ‚“ใ‘ใ„
ใ‘ใ„ใ•ใค
ๆ‘ฉๆ“ฆ
ใพใ•ใค
death penalty
680
model; prototype
1103
police
1104
friction; cha๏ฌng
697
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๅŒๆ–น
ใใ†ใปใ†
1283
679
ใ‚ตใƒ„
ๅŒ
454
magnanimity
ใ‚ตใƒ„
ๆ“ฆ
453
ใใ‚“ใฉ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๅฏŸ
452
1099
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๅž‹
451
prohibition
ใƒญ
้œฒ
449
ใใ‚“ใ—
ใ‚ญใƒณ
่ทฏ
448
1098
ใ‚ญใƒณ
็ฆๆญข
| 65
both sides
66 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆก‘
455
ๆก‘ๅœ’
ๅธฏ
456
ใใ†ใˆใ‚“
ๅœฐๅธฏ
ใกใŸใ„
ๆปž่ฒจ
ใŸใ„ใ‹
ๅฎ…
ไน‡
ๅค•ใ‚ฏ
458
่‡ชๅฎ…
ใ˜ใŸใ
่จ—
็ฅž่จ—
่ฌนๅ‘ˆ
backlog of freight or goods
1916
private residence
1917
ใ—ใ‚“ใŸใ
oracle; revelation
262
ใใ‚“ใฆใ„
compliments of the author
894
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
็จ‹ๅบฆ
ๅธ
ใฆใ„ใฉ
extent; degree
435
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๅธๅ›ฝ
็ท 
463
416
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
็จ‹
462
(geographical) zone
ๅค•ใ‚ฏ
ๅ‘ˆ
461
415
ๅค•ใ‚ค
457
460
mulberry farm or orchard
ๅค•ใ‚ค
ๆปž
459
698
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ใฆใ„ใ“ใ
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
็ท ็ต
ใฆใ„ใ‘ใค
empire
1340
conclusion (of a treaty, contract)
pure groups
ไบญ
464
ๅœ
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ„
ๅœๆญข
ใฆใ„ใ—
ๅพน
่ˆ’
ใƒ†ใƒ„
466
ๅพนๅบ•็š„
ใฆใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ
ๆ’ค
977
suspension; ban
886
thoroughgoing; radical
760
ใƒ†ใƒ„
ๆ’คๅ›ž
ๅบฆ
468
Japanese-style restaurant
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
465
467
311
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๆ–™ไบญ
ๆณ•ๅบฆ
| 67
ใฆใฃใ‹ใ„
withdrawal; revocation
ใƒˆ
1019, 2111
ใฏใฃใจ
ban
1194
The readings of both characters belong to the o๏ฌƒ cial list,
but are not the most common readings. As throughout the
book, their other (in this case, more ordinary) readings are
cross-referenced.
ๆธก
469
ๆธก่ˆช
ๅ”
470
ใจใ“ใ†
a passage; (sailing) voyage
1157
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅ”็ช
็ณ–
471
1195
ใƒˆ
ใจใ†ใจใค
abrupt; all of a sudden
1158
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็ ‚็ณ–
ใ•ใจใ†
sugar
68 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ€‰
472
ๅ€‰ๅบซ
ๅ‰ต
ใใ†ใ“
ๅ‰ต้€ 
ใใ†ใžใ†
่ฌก
่ˆ–
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
474
ๆฐ‘่ฌก
ใฟใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†
ๆบ
ๅ‹•ๆบ
้œ€่ฆ
่…ฐ้ƒจ
ๅ†…ๅฎน
1967
ใฉใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
shaking; tremor
1604
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚ˆใ†
demand (opposite of โ€œsupplyโ€)
1605
ใ‚ˆใ†ใถ
hips; waist area
790
ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
contents
791
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
ๆบถ่งฃ
ๆ†‚
480
folk song
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
ๆบถ
479
1968
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
ๅฎน
478
creation
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
่…ฐ
477
1631
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
่ฆ
476
warehouse
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
473
475
1630
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‹ใ„
melting
616
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๆ†‚ๆ„
ใ‚†ใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
gloom; melancholy
pure groups
ๅ„ช
481
็ง‹
482
993
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ไฟณๅ„ช
ใฏใ„ใ‚†ใ†
actor
900
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ง‹ๅญฃ
ๆ„
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ
autumn season
901
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
483
ๆ†‚ๆ„
ใ‚†ใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
gloom; melancholy
ๅค
่ˆ—
ใ‚ซ
2102
484
ๅคๆœŸ
ใ‹ใ
summertime
ๅฏก
485
ๅ–„
486
ๆ…ˆๅ–„
ไฟฎ็น•
่ฑก
ๅƒ
489
1035
ใ˜ใœใ‚“
benevolence
1335
ใ‚ผใƒณ
่ฑก
488
amount; quantity
ใ‚ผใƒณ
็น•
487
ใŸใ‹
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใœใ‚“
repair; mending
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
1646
ใžใ†
elephant
ใใ†ใžใ†
1976
1977
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ๆƒณๅƒ
296
617
ใ‚ซ
ๅคšๅฏก
| 69
imagination; fantasy
70 | remembering the kanji 2
่”ต
490
่”ตๆ›ธ
่‡“
491
ๅฟƒ่‡“
ๅฎฟๆณŠ
851
ใ—ใ‚“ใžใ†
heart (the organ)
995
ใ—ใ‚…ใใฏใ
room and board
1336
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
็ธฎๅฐ
้‡
494
library; collection of books
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
็ธฎ
493
ใžใ†ใ—ใ‚‡
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ๅฎฟ
492
850
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ใ—ใ‚…ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
shrinking
177
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆธฌ้‡
็ณง
ใใใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
surveying; measurement
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
2105
495
็ณง้ฃŸ
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
food provisions
ๆต
่ˆ˜
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
15
496
ๆตๅ‹•
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†
a ๏ฌ‚ow; ๏ฌ‚owing
็กซ
497
ๅ‚
498
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ใ‚“
ammonium sulfate
1720
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๅ‚ๅŠ 
ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹
764
763
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็กซๅฎ‰
926
participation
pure groups
ๆƒจ
499
ๆ‚ฒๆƒจ
ๅˆถ
500
ๅˆถๅบฆ
่ฃฝ้ด
ๆณ‰ๆฐด
็ทš่ทฏ
่ฆชๅˆ‡
็ชƒ
505
็ชƒๅ–
419
ใ›ใ„ใ‹
shoemaking
133
ใ›ใ‚“ใ™ใ„
natural spring
1339
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚
railroad tracks
ใ‚ปใƒ„
2096
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใค
kind; thoughtful
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚…
ๆ”พๅฐ„
ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
theft
1249
radiation; emission
1250
ใ‚ทใƒค
่ฌ็คผ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚Œใ„
85
1322
ใ‚ทใƒค
่ฌ
507
system
ใ‚ปใƒ„
ๅฐ„
506
ใ›ใ„ใฉ
1721
418
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๅˆ‡
504
distress; wretchedness
ใ‚ปใƒณ
็ทš
503
ใฒใ•ใ‚“
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๆณ‰
502
2084
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
่ฃฝ
501
ใ‚ตใƒณ
| 71
honorarium
72 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ”พ
508
ๆ”พๅฐ„
ๅ€ฃ
509
ๆจกๅ€ฃ
ไธ€ๅ‡
ไธŠๆ˜‡
็„ฆ็‡ฅ
ๅฒฉ็ค
ๅฐ†่ป
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
one measure (of saké)
43
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
rise; ascent
557
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†
fretting; irritability
558
ใŒใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
(o๏ฌ€shore) reef
731
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“
general; shลgun
732
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฅจๅญฆ้‡‘
ๅฎˆ
516
42
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฅจ
515
imitation; copying
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฐ†
514
ใ‚‚ใปใ†
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ค
513
979
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็„ฆ
512
radiation; emission
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ˜‡
511
ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๅ‡
510
496
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ไฟๅฎˆ็š„
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใใใ‚“
scholarship money
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
1115
ใปใ—ใ‚…ใฆใ
conservative
186
pure groups
็‹ฉ
517
ๆ„Ÿ
518
ๆ„Ÿ่ฌ
hunting
615
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
thanks; gratitude
631
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้บๆ†พ
้›‡
520
ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆ†พ
519
243
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
็‹ฉ็ŒŸ
ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“
regrettable
1083
ใ‚ณ
้›‡็”จ
้กง
ใ“ใ‚ˆใ†
employing; employment
1084
ใ‚ณ
521
้กงๅ•
ใ“ใ‚‚ใ‚“
็ดซ
ๆญค
ใ‚ท
522
็ดซๅค–็ทš
ใ—ใŒใ„ใ›ใ‚“
้›Œ
advisor
1375
ultraviolet rays
563
ใ‚ท
523
้›Œ้›„
ใ—ใ‚†ใ†
ๅ’
่ˆ›
ใ‚ฝใƒ„
524
ๅ’ๆฅญ
ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†
graduation (from school)
ใ‚ฝใƒ„
1680
ใใฃใ›ใ‚“
pioneer; forerunner
็Ž‡
525
็Ž‡ๅ…ˆ
| 73
males and females
1025
1737
74 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅˆฐ
526
ๅˆฐๅบ•
ๅ€’
527
ใจใ†ใฆใ„
ๅ’ๅ€’
ใใฃใจใ†
็Ž„้–ข
ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
swoon; fainting ๏ฌt
1383
front door; main entrance
1386
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
529
ๆญฃๅผฆ
ใ›ใ„ใ’ใ‚“
ๆœบ
ๅ‡ 
ใ‚ญ
530
ๆœบไธŠ
ใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
้ฃข
sine (of an angle)
210
desktop; on a desk
1475
ใ‚ญ
้ฃข้ค“
็ฅญ
532
980
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๅผฆ
531
absolutely; (not) at all
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็Ž„
528
755
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ใใŒ
starvation
1102
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅธ็ฅญ
้š›
ใ—ใ•ใ„
priest; ritual celebrant
1296
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
533
ๅ›ฝ้š›
ใ“ใใ•ใ„
ๅฏ†
ๅฎ“
ใƒŸใƒ„
534
็ง˜ๅฏ†
ใฒใฟใค
international
775
secret
pure groups
่œœ
776
ใƒŸใƒ„
535
่œœๆˆฟ
ใฟใคใผใ†
ๅก”
่…
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
536
้‡‘ๅญ—ๅก”
ใใ‚“ใ˜ใจใ†
pyramid; monumental work
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
2121
ใจใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
boarding (a vessel)
ๆญ
537
ๆญไน—
| 75
honeycomb
254
646
chapter 3
One-Time Chinese Readings
The characters brought together in this chapter should be learned well
before passing on to the rest of the book. Knowing them will remove another
obstacle from the long road that lies ahead.
Th is collection of โ€œone-timeโ€ readings sift s out all the on-yomi (Chinese
readings) that are not homonyms, at least not in the con๏ฌnes of the standard
readings on which this book is based. We have already learned of these readings in Chapter 1:
ไธ–=ใ‚ป ้ƒจ=ใธ
็ฅข = ใƒ ๅฏธ = ใ‚นใƒณ ๅฅด = ใƒŒ
This means that the sounds ใ‚ป, ใธ, ใƒ, ใ‚นใƒณ, and ใƒŒ will not appear elsewhere
in these pages as a reading for any kanji. The characters they belong to may, of
course, take additional readings (see the cross-reference numbers) and phonetic transformations may in fact yield the same sound in certain cases, but the
sounds will not be assigned to any other characters as a standard reading. There
are 42 more such one-time Chinese readings:
ๅœง
538
ๅœง่ฟซ
็ฑณ
539
็ฑณๅ›ฝ
ๅˆฅ
540
152
ใ‚ขใƒ„
ใ‚ใฃใฑใ
oppression
ใƒ™ใ‚ค
2021
ในใ„ใ“ใ
America
90
ใƒ™ใƒ„
ๅˆฅ่˜
ในใฃใใ†
919
villa; private retreat
| 77
one-time chinese readings
ๆฒก
541
ๅ‡บๆฒกใ™ใ‚‹
็™ฝ
542
้ป’็™ฝ
่Œถ
543
็ด…่Œถ
ๅผŸ
544
ๅผŸๅญ
ๆณฅ
545
ๆณฅ้…”
ไธ‰ๆœˆ
ๆœˆ
547
ไธ‰ใƒถๆœˆ
็Ž‰
548
ใ—ใ‚…ใคใผใค
to frequent; haunt; infest
ใƒ“ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
89
ใ“ใใณใ‚ƒใ
black and white; good and bad
ใƒใƒฃ
1017
ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚ƒ
(black) tea
ใƒ‡
1417
ใงใ—
disciple
ใงใ„ใ™ใ„
dead drunk
ใ‚ฌใƒ„
547
ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใค
March
ใ‚ฒใƒ„
546
ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ’ใค
3 months
ใปใ†ใŽใ‚‡ใ
252
1240
13
13
256
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฏ
ๅฎ็Ž‰
37
1055
ใƒ‡ใ‚ค
ๆœˆ
546
707
ใƒœใƒ„
precious stones; gems
Though the same primitive element appears in both kanji of
this compound, it does not serve as a signal primitive.
ๅŒ—
549
445
ใƒ›ใ‚ฏ
ๅŒ—ๆตท้“
ใปใฃใ‹ใ„ใฉใ†
Hokkaidล (Japanese island)
78 | remembering the kanji 2
็™พ
550
ไบŒ็™พ
ๅŸŸ
551
ๅขƒๅŸŸ
่ปŠ่ปธ
่พฑ
553
ๅฑˆ่พฑ
ๅ‰
554
ๅ‰ๆ—ฅ
่Š
555
่Š
็ฉบๆฐ—
้ฃŸ็‰ฉ
่„ˆ
558
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใ
precincts
ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ
762
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ˜ใ
wheel axis
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฏ
775
ใใคใ˜ใ‚‡ใ
humiliation; disgrace
ใ‚ญใƒ
878
ใใกใ˜ใค
lucky day
ใใ
ๅ‹•่„ˆ
air; atmosphere
ใƒขใƒ„
1013
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚‚ใค
foodstu๏ฌ€s
ใฆใ„ใญใ„
320
1317
1050
1856
artery
834
ใƒใ‚ค
ไธๅฏง
2009
chrysanthemum
ใใ†ใ
ใฉใ†ใฟใ‚ƒใ
1122
927
ใƒŸใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๅฏง
559
356
ใ‚ฏใ‚ฆ
็‰ฉ
557
200
ใ‚ญใ‚ฏ
็ฉบ
556
ใซใฒใ‚ƒใ
ใ‚คใ‚ญ
่ปธ
552
38
ใƒ’ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
politeness; courtesy; civility
one-time chinese readings
็†ฑ
560
ๆ—ฅ
561
ไธ€ๆ—ฅ
่‚‰
562
่‚‰่ฆช
่€่‹ฅ
ๅฐฟ
564
็ณ–ๅฐฟ็—…
็”ฒไน™ไธ™
ๅพ‹็พฉ
ๅŠ›
567
้ฆฌๅŠ›
้™ธ
568
ใƒ‹ใƒ
1574
ใ„ใกใซใก
one day
ใซใใ—ใ‚“
blood relative
ใƒ‹ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1962
ใ‚ใ†ใซใ‚ƒใ
young and old
ใจใ†ใซใ‚‡ใ†ใณใ‚‡ใ†
223
1053
diabetes
71
ใ“ใ†ใŠใคใธใ„
a, b, c (a traditional way of enumerating)
ใƒชใƒ
874
ใ‚ŠใกใŽ
honesty; integrity
ใƒชใ‚ญ
1104
ใฐใ‚Šใ
horsepower
ใ‚Šใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
1683
858
1513
ใƒชใ‚ฏ
้™ธไธŠ
12
1022
ใ‚ชใƒ„
ๅพ‹
566
the tropics
ใƒ‹ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไน™
565
ใญใฃใŸใ„
ใƒ‹ใ‚ฏ
่‹ฅ
563
1516
ใƒใƒ„
็†ฑๅธฏ
| 79
on shore
80 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ‹ฟ
่ซ–
569
ๅ‹ฟ่ซ–
็•ฅ
570
็•ฅ่ชž
ๅ‡บ
571
ๅ‡บๅ‹ค
้”
572
้”ไบบ
ๅŽ่ณ„
ๅบงๅธญ
้›‘่ชŒ
ๆ˜ฏ
576
ๆ˜ฏ้ž
็จŽ
577
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
obvious; beyond dispute
ใƒชใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1358
ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใใ”
abbreviation
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ„
2040
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใใ‚“
showing up at work
ใŸใคใ˜ใ‚“
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ใ„
็จŽ้‡‘
1820
293
767
552
expert
80
accepting a bribe
1024
ใ‚ถ
้›‘
575
901
ใƒฏใ‚ค
ๅบง
574
ใƒญใƒณ
ใ‚ฟใƒ„
่ณ„
573
1049
ใƒขใƒ
ใ–ใ›ใ
seat
ใ‚ถใƒ„
2042
ใ–ใฃใ—
magazine
ใ‚ผ
1487
ใœใฒ
by all means; at any cost
ใ‚ผใ‚ค
1393
ใœใ„ใใ‚“
taxes
562
388
895
one-time chinese readings
ๅญ˜
578
ไฟๅญ˜
ๆป…
579
ใ‚พใƒณ
1856
ใปใžใ‚“
preservation; conservation
ใ‚ใคใผใ†
684
365
ใƒกใƒ„
ๆป…ไบก
| 81
downfall; destruction
chapter 4
Characters with No Chinese Readings
The kanji that make up this chapter are presented more for recognition than
for memorization. As the title indicates, their common point is that they are
assigned no Chinese reading in this book.
In the case of those that belong to the general-use kanji, this means that no
reading has been assigned them in the o๏ฌƒcial list, though many of them do
have traditional readings. In the case of those that fall outside the general-use
list, this means that no Chinese reading they may have is useful enough to
bear learning at this stage.
Look over this list carefully before you go on to the next chapter, making
sure that you recognize all the characters from your study of vol. 1. In some
cases, you will no doubt recognize signal primitives used in Chapter 2. Here,
of course, the primitives do not come into the picture at allโ€”even though
some of the kanji given here will themselves serve as signal primitives in the
course of this book.
The cross-reference numbers in bold print under the number of the kanji
refer only to the frame in vol. 1 in which the character in question first
appeared.
Finally, you will notice that 5 of the kanji have numbers followed by an โ€œa.โ€
This sets them o๏ฌ€ as homemade kanji or ๅ›ฝๅญ— (ใ“ใใ˜) which Japanese did not
inherit from Chinese. These characters will never have a Chinese reading, unlike
several of the others which do in fact have assigned Chinese readings but are
not given here because they fall outside the rules of the โ€œgeneral-useโ€ kanji.
ๆ˜Œ
ๆ—ญ
ไบ˜
ๅช
่ฒ
580
581
582
583
584
25
27
32
53
54
characters with no chinese readings
้ 
่‚Œ
ๆฑ
ๅŸผ
ๅžฃ
585
586
587
588
589
60
66
110
153
154
็•‘
้ฏ‰
ๆŸ
ๆž 
ๆขข
589a
590
591
591a
592
166
176
199
200
201
ๆฃš
ๆ
ๆ ช
่ป
่พป
| 83
593
594
595
596
596a
202
203
222
242
279
ๅนŒ
็žณ
ๅŒ•
ไนž
่Œจ
597
598
599
600
601
410
437
444
462
472
ๆ ƒ
่™น
ๆป
ๆ›ฐ
ไธฒ
602
603
604
605
606
514
520
537
578
603
ๆŽ›
ๆ‰ฑ
ๅˆ
็ˆช
ๅณ 
607
608
609
610
610a
674
690
696
727
773
84 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅต
ๅดŽ
่พผ
ๅงซ
่„‡
611
612
612a
613
614
777
778
780
849
870
็ฌ 
็ฌน
็ฎฑ
ไฝ†
็•
615
616
617
618
619
939
940
942
953
1017
ๅŒ
็“ฆ
ๅกš
ๅ €
ๆฎ
620
621
622
623
624
1027
1031
1039
1062
1064
ๅฑŠ
ๅฒฌ
ๅปฟ
่Š
ๆธš
625
626
627
628
629
1110
1115
1190
1216
1263
็ชช
็นฐ
ๅธ
้…‰
็šฟ
630
631
632
633
634
1323
1369
1397
1427
1447
ๅจ˜
ๅช
ๅช
ๆข“
่ฑ
635
636
637
638
639
1471
1486
1488
1498
1517
characters with no chinese readings
ไบฅ
ๆผฌ
ๆคฟ
ๆ —
| 85
ๆฅ 
640
641
642
643
644
1519
1545
1569
1609
1614
่Š‹
็€ฌ
ๆ‰
ๅฝฆ
่šŠ
645
646
647
648
649
1655
1666
1713
1716
1728
่’ฒ
้ถด
่”ฆ
้ณฉ
ๅช›
650
651
652
653
654
1838
1943
1945
1946
1950
ๅฒก
้ง’
่™ž
่™ž
ๅฏ…
655
656
657
658
659
1961
1979
1995
2003
2006
ๅ’ฒ
ไธ”
ๆฝŸ
ไธ‘
ๅฏ
660
661
662
663
664
2018
2034
2039
2040
2041
ๅทณ
665
2042
chapter 5
Semi-Pure Groups
The kanji treated in this chapter di๏ฌ€er from those of Chapter 2 only in one
signi๏ฌcant detail: the signal primitive bears a uniform reading for all but one
of the characters in which it appears. Here again, secondary or tertiary readings for the kanji do not necessarily follow the rule. The point is only that one
of the assigned readings of the character is not a๏ฌ€ected at all by the semi-pure
group to which it belongs by virtue of its signal primitive.
Let us take a group of 5 kanji, the ๏ฌrst 4 of which show a common reading
based on the lead character which serves as a signal primitive for the others:
ๆฌก
666
ๆฌก็ฌฌ
ๅงฟ
667
ๅงฟๅ‹ข
ใ—ใ ใ„
gradually; little by little
ใ—ใ›ใ„
่ณ‡ๆœฌ
ใ—ใปใ‚“
posture
473
capital; funds
475
ใ‚ท
่ซฎๅ•
ใ—ใ‚‚ใ‚“
471
474
ใ‚ท
่ซฎ
669
1619
ใ‚ท
่ณ‡
668
ใ‚ท
consultation
There is one more kanji in the list of those treated in this book that bears the
same signal primitive but a completely unrelated reading. This character characterizes the group as โ€œsemi-pureโ€:
semi-pure groups
็›—
670
1451
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็ชƒ็›—
ใ›ใฃใจใ†
| 87
larceny; theft
In some of these groups the exceptional reading has already been learned in
one of the previous chapters. In other cases a new reading has to be learned. To
facilitate recognition of the odd character, the frame shall be slightly indented.
These groups may be as large as 8 kanji and as small as 3. As we did in Chapter
2, we begin with the larger groups ๏ฌrst.
ไบค
671
็คพไบค
ๆ ก
672
ๆ กๆญŒ
ๅŠนๅŠ›
้ƒŠๅค–
็ตžๆฎบ
school song
1276
ใ“ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ
e๏ฌƒcacy; validity
1844
ใ“ใ†ใŒใ„
(outlying) suburbs
1348
ใ“ใ†ใ•ใค
death by strangulation
1277
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ๆฏ”่ผƒ
ๅฌ
677
ใ“ใ†ใ‹
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่ผƒ
676
1278
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
็ตž
675
social life; socializing
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้ƒŠ
674
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ“ใ†
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅŠน
673
1275
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใฒใ‹ใ
comparison
86
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฌๅ–š
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
summons
88 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ˜ญ
678
ๆ˜ญๅ’Œ
็…ง
679
็…งๆ˜Ž
ๆ‹›่ซ‹
็ดนไป‹
ๆน–ๆฒผ
่ฉ”ๆ›ธ
่ถ…้Ž
ไปคๅฌข
invitation
1359
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„
introduction
137
ใ“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
lakes and marshes
342
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡
imperial rescript or edict
385
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
excess
1401
ใ‚Œใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
young lady
1404
ใƒฌใ‚ค
ๅ†ทๅด
้›ถ
687
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„
ใƒฌใ‚ค
ๅ†ท
686
650
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไปค
685
illumination; lighting
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ถ…
684
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ฉ”
683
170
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆฒผ
682
name of Japanese era, 1926โ€“1989
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ดน
681
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ‹›
680
87
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚Œใ„ใใ‚ƒใ
refrigeration; cooling
1402
ใƒฌใ‚ค
้›ถๆ™‚
ใ‚Œใ„ใ˜
12:00 (midnight)
semi-pure groups
้ˆด
688
้›ป้ˆด
้ฝข
689
ใƒฌใ‚ค
1884
ใงใ‚“ใ‚Œใ„
an electric bell
ใ“ใ†ใ‚Œใ„
้ ˜
advanced age
1405
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
690
้ ˜ๅœŸ
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใฉ
territory; dominion
ไฝœ
ไน
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
2039
691
ไฝœๆ–‡
ใ•ใใถใ‚“
(written) composition
ๆ˜จ
692
้…ข
693
last year
1434
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
้…ข้…ธ
ๆพ
694
ใ•ใใญใ‚“
ใ•ใใ•ใ‚“
acetic acid
1324
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ๆพๅ–
ใ•ใใ—ใ‚…
่ฉ
exploitation; squeezing
1141
ใ‚ต
695
่ฉๆฌบ
ใ•ใŽ
ๅข“
่Žซ
ใƒœ
696
ๅข“ๅœฐ
ใผใก
1142
1140
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ๆ˜จๅนด
1406
1403
ใƒฌใ‚ค
้ซ˜้ฝข
| 89
fraud; swindle
231
cemetery
90 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆšฎ
697
ๆญณๆšฎ
ๆจก
698
่ฆๆจก
ๅ‹Ÿ
699
ๅ‹Ÿ้›†
ๆ€ๆ…•
่†œ็Šถ
2002
ใใผ
scale; size
ๅน•ๅบœ
้–‹ๅน•
ใผใ—ใ‚…ใ†
recruiting
633
ใ—ใผ
longing; yearning
233
ใพใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฌlmy; like a membrane
409
ใฐใใต
ใ‹ใ„ใพใ
Shogunate government
curtain raising
230
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๆผ ็„ถ
229
861
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใƒžใ‚ฏ
ๆผ 
703
ใƒœ
ใƒžใ‚ฏ
ๅน•
702
end-of-the-year present
ใƒœ
่†œ
701
ใ›ใ„ใผ
ใƒœ
ๆ…•
700
232
ใƒœ
ใฐใใœใ‚“
vague
The former group was included to demonstrate how more than one reading
can be given for the exception in the semi-pure group. Strictly speaking, the
group belongs to Chapter 7.
็”Ÿ
704
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
982, 1281
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
teacher
1555
semi-pure groups
ๆ€ง
705
ๅฅณๆ€ง
ๆ˜Ÿ
706
ๆ˜Ÿๅบง
ๅง“
707
ๅง“ๅ
็‰ฒ
708
็Š ็‰ฒ
็”ฃ
709
ไธๅ‹•็”ฃ
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1283
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„
woman
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1284
ใ›ใ„ใ–
a โ€œsignโ€ of the zodiac
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1282
ใ›ใ„ใ‚ใ„
oneโ€™s full name
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1286
ใŽใ›ใ„
sacri๏ฌce
ใ‚ตใƒณ
1285
ใตใฉใ†ใ•ใ‚“
real estate
ๅพฉ
่‚ด
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
710
ๅพฉ็ฟ’
ใตใใ—ใ‚…ใ†
่ค‡
711
่…น
712
็ฉบ่…น
่ฆ†้ข
ใตใใ‚ใ‚“
ใ‚Šใ‚Œใ
1559
1560
complicated
464
empty stomach
1611
mask; disguise
1057
ใƒช
ๅฑฅๆญด
1557
465
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ๅฑฅ
714
ใใ†ใตใ
1556
review (of oneโ€™s lessons)
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
่ฆ†
713
ใตใใ–ใค
1558
875
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
่ค‡้›‘
| 91
oneโ€™s personal history
92 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ—ฆ
715
ๅ…ƒๆ—ฆ
่ƒ†
716
ๅคง่ƒ†
New Yearโ€™s Day
31
ใ ใ„ใŸใ‚“
bold; daring
668
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๆ‹…ๆžถ
ๅฃ‡
718
ใŒใ‚“ใŸใ‚“
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๆ‹…
717
30
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๅœŸๅฃ‡ๅ ด
ใŸใ‚“ใ‹
a stretcher
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
2148
ใฉใŸใ‚“ใฐ
place of execution
587
Note the mixture of on and kun readings.
ๆ˜ผ
1075
ใƒใƒฆใ‚ฆ
719
ๆ˜ผ้ฃŸ
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
lunch; noon meal
็ตŒ
ๅœฃ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
2230
720
็ตŒ้จ“
ใ‘ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“
experience
่ปฝ
721
่ŒŽ
722
ใ‘ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
snack; light meal
715
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่Šฑ่ŒŽ
ๅพ„
723
717
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่ปฝ้ฃŸ
ใ‹ใ‘ใ„
๏ฌ‚owering stem
882
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๅพ„่ทฏ
ใ‘ใ„ใ‚
1360
route; course
semi-pure groups
ๆ€ช
724
่‚–
725
่‚–ๅƒ็”ป
ๆถˆๅŒ–
็ก็…™
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใžใ†ใŒ
a portrait (painting)
144
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
digestion
115
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใˆใ‚“
gunpowder smoke
189
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅพนๅฎต
ๅ‰Š
729
114
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฎต
728
strange; weird
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ก
727
ใใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆถˆ
726
716
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๅฅ‡ๆ€ช
ใฆใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
all through the night
118
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ๅ‰Šๆธ›
ใ•ใใ’ใ‚“
| 93
reduction; curtailment
In the following group of characters, the signal primitive is immediately evident as the ๏ฌrst member of the group. Be careful to note that earlier (frames
444โ€“445) this same signal primitive was itself part of another signal primitive
with an entirely di๏ฌ€erent reading.
่พฐ
730
่พฐๅฎฟ
้œ‡
731
2008
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ
house of the Dragon (in the
Sino-Japanese zodiac)
2010
ใ‚ทใƒณ
้œ‡ๅ‹•
ใ—ใ‚“ใฉใ†
quake; shock
94 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅจ 
732
ๅฆŠๅจ 
ๆŒฏ
733
ไธ‰ๆŒฏ
ๅฃๅ”‡
735
ๅฑˆ่พฑ
ๅž‚
ๆ‡ธๅž‚
ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
3 strikes (in baseball)
2013
ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚“
lips
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฏ
553
ใใคใ˜ใ‚‡ใ
humiliation; disgrace
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ™ใ„
็ก็œ 
ใ™ใ„ใฟใ‚“
chinning (exercises)
1583
sleep
1584
ใ‚นใ‚ค
็ดก้Œ˜
้ƒต
ใผใ†ใ™ใ„
spindle
1847
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
739
้ƒตไพฟ
ใ‚†ใ†ใณใ‚“
่ฃ
่‚ฉ
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
740
่ฃ็ธซ
ใ•ใ„ใปใ†
2009
1582
ใ‚นใ‚ค
้Œ˜
738
2011
ใ‚นใ‚ค
็ก
737
pregnancy
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่พฑ
736
ใซใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๅ”‡
734
2012
ใ‚ทใƒณ
mail; post
397
sewing; needlework
semi-pure groups
่ผ‰
741
ๆ ฝ
742
ใใ•ใ„
ๆ ฝๅŸน
ใ•ใ„ใฐใ„
็นŠ็ถญ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ„
็ฆ
็•
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
744
็ฆ็ฅ‰
ใตใใ—
ๅ‰ฏ
ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž
1790
๏ฌber; textiles
1090
(social) welfare
89
ใตใใ—
adverb
407
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ๅ…จๅน…
ๅฏŒ
747
ๅฏŒๅฃซๅฑฑ
ใœใ‚“ใทใ
2192
ใตใ˜ใ•ใ‚“
Mt. Fuji
่‰˜
ใ‚ซใƒณ
748
็ท็›ฃ
ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
่‰ฆ
full extent; all
ใƒ•
็›ฃ
่‰ฆ้•ท
ใ‹ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
inspector general
1875
captain (of a ship)
1455
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๅนด้‘‘
ใญใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
193
1453
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้‘‘
750
cultivation; growing
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ๅน…
749
358
ใ‚ปใƒณ
743
746
mention (in the press)
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
็นŠ
745
359
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
่จ˜่ผ‰
| 95
yearbook; annual report
96 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆฟซ
751
ๆฟซ็”จ
ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†
่ฆณ
่ƒก
ใ‚ซใƒณ
752
่ฆณๅฏŸ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ•ใค
ๅ‹ง
753
ๅ‹งๅฅจ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ไบคๆญ“
ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
ๆจฉๅˆฉ
ๆจฉ็พ
ๆœช็Ÿฅ
่–ฌๅ‘ณ
570
exchange of courtesies
571
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚Š
ใ”ใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“
rights
avatar
216
ใฟใก
unknown
219
ใ‚„ใใฟ
spices; seasoning
2023
ใƒŸ
้ญ…ๅŠ›
ๅฆน
759
encouragement; stimulation
ใƒŸ
้ญ…
758
864
ใƒŸ
ๅ‘ณ
757
observation
ใ‚ฑใƒณใƒปใ‚ดใƒณ
ๆœช
756
572
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆจฉ
755
abuse
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆญ“
754
1454
ใƒฉใƒณ
ใฟใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
fascination; charm
220
ใƒžใ‚ค
็พฉๅฆน
ใŽใพใ„
(younger) sister-in-law
semi-pure groups
ๆžœ
760
่ชฒ
761
่ชฒ้•ท
่“ๅญ
่ฃธ่บซ
่ฒฌไปป
็ฉๅ–„
ๆˆ็ธพ
ใ‹ใ—
confectionery
1124
ใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚“
naked body
1541
ใ›ใใซใ‚“
responsibility
1543
ใ›ใใœใ‚“
accumulation of good deeds
1542
ใ›ใ„ใ›ใ
results; showing
1544
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅ…ฌๅ‚ต
ๅˆ—
768
1122
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ๅ‚ต
767
section head
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
็ธพ
766
ใ‹ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
็ฉ
765
1123
ใƒฉ
่ฒฌ
764
fruit juice
ใ‚ซ
่ฃธ
763
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
ใ‚ซ
่“
762
1121
ใ‚ซ
ๆžœๆฑ
ใ“ใ†ใ•ใ„
public bonds
812
ใƒฌใƒ„
ๅˆ—่ปŠ
| 97
ใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
train
98 | remembering the kanji 2
็ƒˆ
769
ๅฃฎ็ƒˆ
่ฃ‚
770
ใใ†ใ‚Œใค
ๅˆ†่ฃ‚
813
ใถใ‚“ใ‚Œใค
dissolution; disruption
972
ใƒฌใ‚ค
771
ไพ‹ๅค–
ใ‚Œใ„ใŒใ„
่ฌ„
่‰
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
772
่ฌ„ๆœฌ
ใจใ†ใปใ‚“
้จฐ
an exception
1211
transcript; certi๏ฌed copy
1989
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๆฒธ้จฐ
่—ค
774
heroic; sublime
ใƒฌใƒ„
ไพ‹
773
814
ใƒฌใƒ„
ใตใฃใจใ†
boiling
1210
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
่‘›่—ค
ใ‹ใฃใจใ†
feud; discord
The ๏ฌrst character in the compound above was not treated
in vol. 1, but the exemplary compound given above is useful
to know. When the phonetic group to which this character
belongs appears again in Chapter 7 (frames 1210โ€“1214),
you will see how easy it is to learn.
ๅ‹
1209
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
775
ๅ‹ๅˆฉ
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š
ๅถ
็ฆบ
ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
776
ๅถๅƒ
ใใ†ใžใ†
victory
1955
idol; image
| 99
semi-pure groups
้‡
777
้ญ้‡
้š…
778
ใใ†ใใ†
ไธ€้š…
ใ„ใกใใ†
ๆ„š็—ด
ใใก
่‹‘
่…ธ
ใ‚จใƒณ
780
ๅพก่‹‘
ใŽใ‚‡ใˆใ‚“
ๆ€จ
ๆ€จๅฃฐ
ใˆใ‚“ใ›ใ„
ๅฎ›่ปข
grumbling
1419
Emperorโ€™s Garden
1420
complaint; grudging
1417
ใˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚“
smooth; fair (of face)
1418
ใƒฏใƒณ
่…•ๅŠ›
็‰™
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
physical strength
1904
ใ‚ฌ
็‰™ๅŸŽ
่Šฝ
785
1957
ใ‚จใƒณ
่…•
784
one corner
ใ‚จใƒณ
ๅฎ›
783
1958
ใ‚ฐ
779
782
encounter
ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
ๆ„š
781
1956
ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
ใŒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
stronghold (of conservatism)
1905
ใ‚ฌ
็™บ่Šฝ
ใฏใคใŒ
germination; sprout
100 | remembering the kanji 2
้›…
786
ๅ„ช้›…
ใ‚†ใ†ใŒ
้‚ช
้‚ช้ญ”
ๅŠ 
ๅŠ ๅ…ฅ
ๆžถ
789
intrusion
867
ใ‚ซ
25
ใ‹ใซใ‚…ใ†
admission; subscription
869
ใ‚ซ
ๆžถ็ฉบ
ใ‹ใใ†
๏ฌction; make-believe
868
ใ‚ฌ
790
็ฅ่ณ€ไผš
ๅ›บ
ใ—ใ‚…ใใŒใ‹ใ„
commemorative celebration
580
ใ‚ณ
้ ‘ๅ›บ
ๅ€‹
792
1906
ใ˜ใ‚ƒใพ
่ณ€
791
graceful
ใ‚ธใƒฃ
787
788
1907
ใ‚ฌ
ใŒใ‚“ใ“
stubborn; persistent
973
ใ‚ณ
ๅ€‹ไบบ
็ฎ‡
ใ“ใ˜ใ‚“
an individual
2029
ใ‚ซ
793
ไธ€็ฎ‡ๆœˆ
ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ’ใค
one month
This character is commonly abbreviated to the katakana
ใ‚ฑ, as in frame 547, which uses the same exemplary
compound with that writing.
็ถฑ
ๅฒก
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
794
็ถฑ้ ˜
ใ“ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
1963
general plan; main point
semi-pure groups
้‹ผ
795
ๅ‰›
796
ๅ‰›ๅฅ
ๅฅ‰ไป•
ไฟธ
798
ๅนดไฟธ
้‰„ๆฃ’
ไธ€่ˆฌ
้‹ๆฌ
2120
ใปใ†ใ—
service
ใญใ‚“ใฝใ†
annual salary
1575
iron bar or sta๏ฌ€
ใฆใคใผใ†
ใ„ใฃใฑใ‚“
ใ†ใ‚“ใฑใ‚“
ๅ††็›ค
ๆฏ›ๅธƒ
1573
1574
1871
general; average
1873
conveyance; transport
1872
ใƒใƒณ
ๆฏ›
803
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ใƒใƒณ
็›ค
802
strong; robust
ใ”ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
ใƒใƒณ
ๆฌ
801
1964
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
่ˆฌ
800
steel
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๆฃ’
799
ใ“ใ†ใฆใค
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
ๅฅ‰
797
1962
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้‹ผ้‰„
| 101
disc; discus
ใˆใ‚“ใฐใ‚“
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
50
ใ‚‚ใ†ใต
blanket
1913
102 | remembering the kanji 2
่€—
804
ๆถˆ่€—
ๅฐพ
805
ๅฐพ่กŒ
ๆŸๆฐ
้™ฐ่ฌ€
ๅช’
808
ๅช’ไป‹
ๆฆ‚ๅฟต
ๆ†คๆ…จ
1759
ใผใ†ใ—
a certain person
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
2087
ใ„ใ‚“ใผใ†
conspiracy; plot
ใฐใ„ใ‹ใ„
ใŒใ„ใญใ‚“
ใตใ‚“ใŒใ„
ๆ—ข่ฃฝ
ใใ›ใ„
mediation
1482
concept; general notion
1483
indignation; resentment
1481
manufactured; ready-made
134
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
้ซ˜ๅŽŸ
ใ“ใ†ใ’ใ‚“
1760
1761
ใ‚ญ
ๅŽŸ
812
following; tailing
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๆ—ข
811
ใณใ“ใ†
1914
1915
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๆ…จ
810
consumption; use
ใƒใ‚ค
ๆฆ‚
809
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‚ใ†
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
่ฌ€
807
2165
ใƒ“
ๆŸ
806
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
plateau
semi-pure groups
ๆบ
813
ใ’ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
้ก˜
ๅฟ—้ก˜
็–‘
ใ—ใŒใ‚“
ๅฎน็–‘
suspicion
1411
ใ‚ฎ
ๆจกๆ“ฌ
ใ‚‚ใŽ
imitation; sham
1412
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
817
ๅ‡ๅ›บ
ๅธƒ
ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ“
coagulation
405
ใƒ•
ๆฏ›ๅธƒ
ๆ€–
819
volunteering
1410
ใ‚ˆใ†ใŽ
ๅ‡
818
135
ใ‚ฎ
ๆ“ฌ
816
fountainhead; wellspring
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
814
815
142
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๆบๆณ‰
ใ‚‚ใ†ใต
blanket
623
ใƒ•
ๆๆ€–
ๅธŒ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใต
fear
1489
ใ‚ญ
820
ๅธŒๆœ›
| 103
ใใผใ†
ๆฒฟ
่„น
ใ‚จใƒณ
821
ๆฒฟ็ทš
ใˆใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
hope
795
along a railway line
104 | remembering the kanji 2
้‰›
822
้‰›็ฎก
ใˆใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
่ˆน
823
่ˆน้•ท
ๅคซไบบ
ๆ‰ถ
825
ใ›ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
1564
ใตใ˜ใ‚“
(married) lady
ๆ‰ถ้คŠ
ใตใ‚ˆใ†
ใใใ
ใ‚จใ‚ค
827
่‹ฑ่ชž
ใˆใ„ใ”
ๆ˜ 
841
rule; regulation
1741
English language
1742
ใ‚จใ‚ค
ๆ˜ ็”ป
ๅคฎ
ใˆใ„ใŒ
๏ฌlm; movie
1740
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ไธญๅคฎ
ๅบƒ
830
support; maintenance
ใ‚ญ
่ฆๅ‰‡
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใŠใ†
center; central
739
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅบƒ็พฉ
838
839
(ๆ˜ )
829
(shipโ€™s) captain
ใƒ•
่‹ฑ
828
1874
ใƒ•
่ฆ
826
lead pipe
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๅคซ
824
794
ใ‚จใƒณ
ใ“ใ†ใŽ
broad sense (of a term)
semi-pure groups
้‰ฑ
831
ใ“ใ†ใ–ใ‚“
ๆ‹ก
832
741
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้‰ฑๅฑฑ
a mine
740
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ๆ‹กๅคง
ใ‹ใใ ใ„
expansion; enlargement
ๆต„
(ไบ‰)
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
833
ๆธ…ๆต„
ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
purity
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
82, 1529
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใฟใ‚ƒใ
a vein
้™
834
้™่„ˆ
ไบ‰
835
ใใ†ใŽ
ๅญค
(็“œ)
ใ‚ณ
836
ๅญค็‹ฌ
ใ“ใฉใ
ๅผง
837
ๅ††ๅผง
dispute
1879
loneliness; solitude
1878
ใˆใ‚“ใ“
circular arc
1877
ใ‚ซ
่ฅฟ็“œ
1540
1154
ใ‚ณ
็“œ
838
1155
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ไบ‰่ญฐ
| 105
ใ™ใ„ใ‹
watermelon
The use of the first character is an example of what
Jap anese call ๅฝ“ใฆๅญ— (ใ‚ใฆใ˜), a character chosen to
accompany a reading that does not strictly belong to it.
Since the exemplary compound is a common word, it
has been included here.
106 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ“ก
839
่ˆนๅ“ก
้Ÿป
840
้Ÿณ้Ÿป
ๆ
841
ใ›ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
sailor; member of the crew
ใ‚คใƒณ
1299
ใŠใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
phoneme; vocal sound
ๆๅคฑ
ใใ‚“ใ—ใค
(็”š)
ใ‚ซใƒณ
842
ๅ ชๅฟ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใซใ‚“
ๅ‹˜
็”š
844
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
็”šๅคง
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ ใ„
(ๅ›)
ใ‚ฐใƒณ
845
ๅคง็พค
ใŸใ„ใใ‚“
้ƒก
forgiveness; tolerance
1769
payment of a bill
1768
enormous
1163
large crowd
1843
ใ‚ฐใƒณ
้ƒกไผš
ๅ›
847
1770
ใ‚ธใƒณ
็พค
846
loss
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๅ‹˜ๅฎš
ใใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
a county assembly
1162
ใ‚ฏใƒณ
ๅ›ไธป
ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…
481
666
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
ๅ ช
843
56
ใ‚คใƒณ
monarch
| 107
semi-pure groups
ๅธ‚
848
ๅธ‚้•ท
ๅง‰
849
412
ใ‚ท
ใ—ใกใ‚‡ใ†
413
ใ‚ท
ๅง‰ๅฆน
่‚บ
ใ—ใพใ„
่‚บ็—…
ใฏใ„ใณใ‚‡ใ†
ๅฃ
่พŸ
ใƒ˜ใ‚ญ
851
ๅฃ็”ป
ใธใใŒ
็™–
็—…็™–
ใณใ‚‡ใ†ใธใ
ไธๅฏ้ฟ
ใตใ‹ใฒ
(ๆ„)
ใ‚ชใ‚ฏ
854
ไธ€ๅ„„ๅ††
ใ„ใกใŠใใˆใ‚“
ๆ†ถ
1500
a mural (painting)
1691
(personal) weakness; bad habit
1501
unavoidable
983
100 million yen
632
ใ‚ชใ‚ฏ
่จ˜ๆ†ถ
ๆ„
856
pulmonary disease
ใƒ’
ๅ„„
855
414
ใƒ˜ใ‚ญ
้ฟ
853
sisters
ใƒใ‚ค
850
852
mayor
ใใŠใ
ใ‚ค
็”จๆ„
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ„
memory (of something)
608
preparation; arrangements
108 | remembering the kanji 2
็ฒ
857
ๆ•็ฒ
็ฉซ
858
ๅŽ็ฉซ
ไฟ่ญท
ๆ–‡ๅฅ
็ด‹
861
ๆŒ‡็ด‹
ๅๅฏพ
ไธ€ๅฏพ
ๆ›ด็”Ÿ
700
ใปใ”
protection; patronage
ใƒขใƒณ
1106
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ
expression; complaint
ใ—ใ‚‚ใ‚“
ใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„
ใ„ใฃใคใ„
ใ“ใ†ใ›ใ„
็กฌ่ฒจ
ใ“ใ†ใ‹
๏ฌngerprint
1726
opposite
a pair
694
rebirth
695
coin (solid money)
991
ใƒ“ใƒณใƒปใƒ™ใƒณ
้ƒตไพฟ
ไพฟๅˆฉ
ใ‚†ใ†ใณใ‚“
ในใ‚“ใ‚Š
1725
1727
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ไพฟ
865
harvest
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
็กฌ
864
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ใƒปใƒ„ใ‚ค
ๆ›ด
863
908
ใƒขใƒณ
ๅฏพ
862
capture
ใ‚ด
ๆ–‡
860
ใปใ‹ใ
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
่ญท
859
701
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
post; mail
convenient
| 109
semi-pure groups
ๅ‡ถ
866
ๅ‡ถๆ‚ช
่ƒธ
867
ๅบฆ่ƒธ
้›ข้™ธ
ๅญ่กŒ
้…ตๆฏ
ๆ•™ๆŽˆ
็ณปๅˆ—
ใ‚Šใ‚Šใ
take o๏ฌ€ (e.g., an airplane)
1253
ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ†
๏ฌlial duty; ๏ฌlial piety
1430
ใ“ใ†ใผ
yeast
1254
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚…
professor
1391
ใ‘ใ„ใ‚Œใค
succession; order
1392
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ไฟ‚ไบ‰
ๅญซ
874
1492
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ไฟ‚
873
pluck; mettle
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ณป
872
ใฉใใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ•™
871
1491
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้…ต
870
๏ฌendish; satanic
ใƒช
ๅญ
869
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
้›ข
868
1490
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‘ใ„ใใ†
dispute; contention
1393
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
ๅญๅญซ
ใ—ใใ‚“
descendants
110 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ …
่‰š
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
875
ไธญๅ …
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
่ณข
876
่ณขๆ˜Ž
็ทŠๅผต
ไธๅ‰
่ฉฐ
879
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„
tension; strain
320
ใ‚ญใƒ„
554
ใตใใค
unlucky
่ฉฐๅ•
ใใคใ‚‚ใ‚“
343
cross-examination
1351
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
็ต่ซ–
ใ‘ใคใ‚ใ‚“
(ๅฎณ)
ใ‚ซใƒ„
881
ๅ‰ฒ็คผ
ใ‹ใคใ‚Œใ„
่ฝ„
conclusion (of an argument)
1553
circumcision
1552
ใ‚ซใƒ„
็ฎก่ฝ„
ๅฎณ
883
1374
ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ๅ‰ฒ
882
sagacious; wise
ใ‚ญใƒ„
็ต
880
852
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๅ‰
878
mainstay; โ€œbackboneโ€
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
็ทŠ
877
853
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‹ใค
jurisdiction
1551
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๆๅฎณ
ใใ‚“ใŒใ„
damage
semi-pure groups
ๆ•ฌ
884
่ญฆ
885
ใ‘ใ„ใ„
่ญฆๅฏŸ
ใ‘ใ„ใ•ใค
้ฉš็•ฐ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ„
็ฒ‹
ๅ†
ใ‚นใ‚ค
887
็ฒ‹ไบบ
ใ™ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“
้…”
ๆณฅ้…”
ใงใ„ใ™ใ„
1987
wonder; astonishment
925
romantic fellow; dandy
1435
plastered; stewed to the gills
116
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
็ •็Ÿณ
ใ•ใ„ใ›ใ
ๆœ—
(่‰ฏ)
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
890
ๆœ—่ชญ
ใ‚ใ†ใฉใ
ๆตช
rubble; macadam
1469
reading aloud or in public
1470
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
ๆตๆตช
่‰ฏ
892
police
ใ‚นใ‚ค
็ •
891
336
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
886
889
homage; respect
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
้ฉš
888
334
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๆ•ฌๆ„
่‰ฏๅฟƒ
ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ†
| 111
vagrancy; wandering
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
46
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚“
conscience
1468
112 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ…ฎ
่‰™
ใƒชใƒง
893
้ ๆ…ฎ
ใˆใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡
่™œ
894
ๆ•่™œ
ใปใ‚Šใ‚‡
็šฎ่†š
ๅทฆ
ๅทฆๅณ
ไฝ
่ฃœไฝ
1992
skin
ใฒใต
77
ใ‚ต
5
ใ•ใ‚†ใ†
left and right; both sides
952
ใปใ•
assistant
629
ใƒ€
898
ๆƒฐๆฐ—
ใ ใ
ๅ€ซ
ไพ–
ใƒชใƒณ
899
ๅ€ซ็†ๅญฆ
ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ‚ŠใŒใ
่ผช
sluggishness
1821
ethics; moral philosophy
1822
ใƒชใƒณ
ไบ”่ผช
่ซ–
901
prisoner; captive
ใ‚ต
ๆƒฐ
900
1991
ใƒ•
895
897
sense of reserve
ใƒชใƒง
่†š
896
1996
ๅ‹ฟ่ซ–
ใ”ใ‚Šใ‚“
the Olympic Games
ใƒญใƒณ
569
ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“
of course
1820
semi-pure groups
ไปป
ๅฃฌ
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
902
่ฒฌไปป
ใ›ใใซใ‚“
ๅฆŠ
903
ใซใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
่ณƒ
904
้‹่ณƒ
ใ†ใ‚“ใกใ‚“
ๅŽŸๅ› 
ใ’ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
ๅฉšๅงป
ใ“ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
่ฌๆฉ
ๆญดๅฒ
583
source; cause
584
matrimony
606
ใ—ใ‚ƒใŠใ‚“
expression of gratitude
692
ใ‚Œใใ—
history
990
ใ‚ท
ๅคงไฝฟ
ๅ
910
fare (for transportation)
ใ‚ท
ไฝฟ
909
1004
ใ‚ชใƒณ
ๅฒ
908
pregnancy
ใ‚คใƒณ
ๆฉ
907
507
ใ‚คใƒณ
ๅงป
906
responsibility
ใƒใƒณ
ๅ› 
905
1003
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
ๅฆŠๅจ 
ใŸใ„ใ—
ambassador
693
ใƒช
ๅฎ˜ๅ
| 113
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚Š
government o๏ฌƒcial
114 | remembering the kanji 2
่ˆŽ
911
ๅฎฟ่ˆŽ
ๆจ
912
ใ—ใ‚…ใใ—ใ‚ƒ
hostel; residence
655
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ๅ–ๆจ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ—ใ‚ƒ
่ˆ—
913
316
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ๅบ—่ˆ—
adoption or rejection
ใƒ›
61
ใฆใ‚“ใฝ
shop
1839
Note how 2 signal primitives appear in the same kanji.
ๆฐ
914
ๆฐๅ
็ด™
915
็ด™ๅนฃ
ๅฉšๅงป
่ฃœๅ……
ใ—ใธใ„
paper money
1830
ใ“ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
matrimony
761
ใปใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
supplement
762
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้Šƒ็ ฒ
็ตฑ
919
1829
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้Šƒ
918
full name
ใ‚ณใƒณ
ๅ……
917
ใ—ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ท
ๅฉš
916
1828
ใ‚ท
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใปใ†
๏ฌrearms
1347
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜
ใ ใ„ใจใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
president of a country
| 115
semi-pure groups
้€š
็”ฌ
ใƒ„ใ‚ฆ
1830
920
ไบค้€š
ใ“ใ†ใคใ†
tra๏ฌƒc
็—›
921
่ธŠ
922
่ˆž่ธŠ
็œŸๅฎŸ
่ฌนๆ…Ž
้Žฎๅœง
ๅบƒๅ‘Š
้…ท
927
dance (classical)
75
ใ—ใ‚“ใ˜ใค
truth
630
ใใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
penitence; good behavior
276
ใกใ‚“ใ‚ใค
quelling (of a disturbance)
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
1021
ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ
advertising
ๆฎ‹้…ท
ใ–ใ‚“ใ“ใ
cruel
281
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ๆง‹้€ 
ใ“ใ†ใžใ†
247
1431
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
้€ 
928
ใถใ‚ˆใ†
ใƒใƒณ
ๅ‘Š
926
1409
ใ‚ทใƒณ
้Žฎ
925
stomachache
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๆ…Ž
924
ใตใใคใ†
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
็œŸ
923
1690
ใƒ„ใ‚ฆ
่…น็—›
1408
structure
116 | remembering the kanji 2
ไฝต
ๅนถ
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
929
ไฝต็”จ
ใธใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
ๅก€
930
1030
joint use
1056
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
ๅก€
ใธใ„
็“ถ
fence
1032
ใƒ“ใƒณ
931
่Šฑ็“ถ
ใ‹ใณใ‚“
๏ฌ‚ower vase
We conclude this chapter with three characters related by a common primitive
element but sharing Chinese pronunciations unevenly.
่ญ˜
่ƒƒ
ใ‚ทใ‚ญ
932
็Ÿฅ่ญ˜
ใกใ—ใ
่ท
933
knowledge; intelligence
824
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
่ทๅ“ก
็น”
934
482
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ„ใ‚“
an employee
1334
ใ‚ทใ‚ญใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
็ต„็น”
็น”ๆฉŸ
ใใ—ใ
ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใ
organization; formation
loom
chapter 6
Readings from Everyday Words
By the time you pick up this book you will have already learned at least the
rudiments of Japanese grammar and in the process have learned some of the
most useful words of everyday spoken Japanese. Taking advantage of this fact,
as well as the fact that you already know the meanings of all the characters
treated here, you can enlarge your knowledge of the on-yomi by seeing how
those everyday words, in fact, look when set to kanji.
Take, for example, the ordinary Japanese word for a medical โ€œdoctor,โ€ which
is ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ. The two kanji with which it is written mean respectively โ€œto doctorโ€
and โ€œsomeone.โ€ This allows us to add two new readings to those we already
know:
ๅŒป
935
ๅŒป็™‚
่€…
936
1694
ใ‚ค
ๅŒป่€…
ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
medical care
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
1360
ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
doctor
1256
The names of well-known places can be used in much the same way, as in the
following two frames:
ๆฑ
937
ๆฑๅŒ—
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1326
ใจใ†ใปใ
the northeast
504
118 | remembering the kanji 2
ไบฌ
938
ๆฑไบฌ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
1822
ใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ†
Tokyo
312
We can also make use of well-known company names or other popular proper
names. For example, what student of Japanese has not thumbed through the
dictionaries of Japanโ€™s foremost Japanese-English lexicographers, Kenkyลซsha?
By learning what the name, in fact, means, you will have learned three more
Chinese readings:
็ ”
939
็ ”ๅญฆ
็ฉถ
940
ใ‘ใ‚“ใŒใ
study; investigation
1320
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ ”็ฉถ
็คพ
941
675
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ใ‘ใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†
research
1092
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ไผš็คพ
ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
company
Without making any particular e๏ฌ€ort to keep these various sorts of โ€œeveryday
wordsโ€ separate from one another, let us see how far they take us into the second half of this book.
As before, readings and compounds that have appeared earlier will be drawn
on as much as possible to lighten the burden. Occasionally, if only rarely, a common everyday word will lead us to a character that falls outside the compass of
these pages. In such cases, it is enough to learn the on-yomi being practiced
without stopping to learn a new kanji and its reading. For example, the word for
โ€œneatโ€ or โ€œpretty,โ€ one of the ๏ฌrst you learn in studying Japanese, is ใใ‚Œใ„. It is
made up of the character for โ€œ๏ฌgured clothโ€ and that for โ€œlovely.โ€ Normally, the
word is not written in characters at all, but since it is an easy way to learn the
otherwise di๏ฌƒcult reading of the latter kanji, restoring its original kanji writing
is helpful:
readings from everyday words
้บ—
942
2002
ใƒฌใ‚ค
็ถบ้บ—
ใใ‚Œใ„
| 119
neat; clean; pretty
In still other cases, both readings of a known compound will be new. In this
case, we will combine both kanji into a single frame, like this:
ๅพก
้ฃฏ
943
ๅพก้ฃฏ
ใ‚ด
1950
1398
ใƒใƒณ
1939
1473
ใ”ใฏใ‚“
rice; meal; dinner
With that, we may carry on for another 218 frames. Incidentally, if you ๏ฌnd
that you do not know a particular word chosen for the exemplary compound,
you might as well take the trouble to learn it. After all, the words are common
everyday words.
ๅ†…
944
ๆกˆๅ†…
่‡ช
ๅˆ†
945
่‡ชๅˆ†
ๅฟƒ
946
ใƒŠใ‚ค
2007
ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ„
guidance; information
ใ‚ธ
964
ใƒ–ใƒณ
1082, 1139
ใ˜ใถใ‚“
oneself
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
36
781
595
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๅฎ‰ๅฟƒ
1019
peace of mind
120 | remembering the kanji 2
้›ป
่ฉฑ
947
้›ป่ฉฑ
็•ช
ๅท
948
้›ป่ฉฑ็•ชๅท
ๆ™ฉ
949
ๆ™ฉๅพก้ฃฏ
็”ทๆ€ง
ๅฅณ
951
ๅฅณๆ€ง
ๅ‹‰
ๅผท
952
ๅ‹‰ๅผท
ๅผๅฝ“
้‡Ž
954
1503
ใงใ‚“ใ‚
telephone
้‡Ž็ƒ
344
ใƒใƒณ
1909
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
1242
ใงใ‚“ใ‚ใฐใ‚“ใ”ใ†
telephone number
1974
ใฐใ‚“ใ”ใฏใ‚“
supper
ใƒ€ใƒณ
2035
ใ ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
a man; male
ใ‚ธใƒง
(3), 2034, 2162
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„
a woman; female
859
98
1975
ใƒ™ใƒณ
ๅผ
ๅฝ“
953
ใƒฏ
ใƒใƒณ
็”ท
950
535
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
1608
ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†
study
1235
ใƒ™ใƒณ
742
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1153
ในใ‚“ใจใ†
lunch (carry-along, picnic-style)
ใƒค
1509
ใ‚„ใใ‚…ใ†
baseball
1596
readings from everyday words
่ปŠ
955
ๅœฐ
ๅ›ณ
956
ๅœฐๅ›ณ
ๅ›ฃ
957
ๅ›ฃๅœฐ
ไธ‹
้‰„
958
ๅœฐไธ‹้‰„
ๅ›ณ
ๆ›ธ
959
ๅ›ณๆ›ธ้คจ
(electric) train
ใƒ
1287, 1004
ใ‚บ
959
ใกใš
map
ใƒ€ใƒณ
1079
ใ ใ‚“ใก
housing development
ใ‚ซ
1780
50
ใƒ†ใƒ„
1376
846
ใกใ‹ใฆใค
subway; metro
ใƒˆ
956
ๅคงๅญฆ
ใจใ—ใ‚‡ใ‹ใ‚“
library
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1073
ใ ใ„ใŒใ
ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถ
1180
582
1180
107
324
university
691
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅคงไธˆๅคซ
515
327
ใ‚ฌใ‚ฏ
ไธˆ
961
ใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
ใ‚ทใƒง
ๅคง
ๅญฆ
960
286
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
้›ป่ปŠ
| 121
all right; okay
As an exception, we include 3 kanji in the next frame, all of them no doubt
very familiar to you already.
122 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅค–
ๅ›ฝ
ไบบ
962
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๅค–ๅ›ฝไบบ
่‡ช็„ถ
ไธ€
965
ไธ€ๆ—ฅ
ไธ€
็ท’
966
ไธ€็ท’
ๅ››
967
ใŒใ„ใ“ใใ˜ใ‚“
foreigner
ๅ››ๆœˆ
265
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š
cooking; food
ใ‚ท
945
36
ใ‚ผใƒณ
440
241
ใ—ใœใ‚“
nature
ใ‚คใƒ
966
ใ„ใกใซใก
one day
ใ‚คใƒƒ
965
1
ใ‚ทใƒง
1367
1344
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡
together
ใ—ใŒใค
ใ—ใกใŒใค
1
4
April
7
ใ‚ทใƒ
ไธƒๆœˆ
951
1178
ใ‚ท
ไธƒ
968
969
ใƒช
่‡ช
็„ถ
964
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ–™็†
111
581
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
ๆ–™
็†
963
1622
July
readings from everyday words
ไน
ไบบ
969
ไนไบบ
ไน
ๆ™‚
970
ไนๆ™‚
ๅ
ๅ…ญ
971
ๅƒ
ๅ††
972
ๅƒๅ††
ๅฃฑไธ‡ๅ††
้Š€่กŒ
ๆ—…
975
9
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
962
951
ใใ‚…ใ†ใซใ‚“
9 people
ใ‚ฏ
969
9
ใ‚ธ
1436
159
ใใ˜
9 oโ€™clock
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1156
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ใ
sixteen
ใ‚ปใƒณ
(4)
ใ›ใ‚“ใˆใ‚“
¥1,000
ใ‚คใƒ
1567
457
64
ใ„ใกใพใ‚“ใˆใ‚“
¥10,000 (in formal receipts)
ใ‚ฎใƒณ
1400
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1614, 2234, 2238
ใŽใ‚“ใ“ใ†
bank
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ†
40
1811
1459
873
1048
ใƒชใƒง
ๆ—…่กŒ
10
6
ใƒžใƒณ
้Š€
่กŒ
974
970
ใ‚จใƒณ
ๅฃฑ
ไธ‡
973
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใƒญใ‚ฏ
ๅๅ…ญ
| 123
voyage; trip
124 | remembering the kanji 2
็ซ
ๆ›œ
976
็ซๆ›œๆ—ฅ
ใ‚ซ
161
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
576
ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใณ
Tuesday
The third kanji in the compound has a kun-yomi.
็‰›
ไนณ
977
็‰›ไนณ
็›†
978
็›†ๆ ฝ
ๆฐด
979
ๆฐดๆ›œๆ—ฅ
ๆœจๆ›œๆ—ฅ
ๅˆ
ๅพŒ
981
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ฆ
729
ใŽใ‚…ใ†ใซใ‚…ใ†
(cowโ€™s) milk
ใƒœใƒณ
1250
ใผใ‚“ใ•ใ„
dwarfed and potted plant
ๅˆๅพŒ
ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝ
1449
130
ใ™ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใณ
Wednesday
ใƒขใ‚ฏ
2169
ใ‚‚ใใ‚ˆใ†ใณ
Thursday
195
568
ใ‚ด
็”Ÿ
ๅ‘ฝ
982
245
ใ‚นใ‚ค
ๆœจ
980
ใ‚ฎใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ด
1827
ใ”ใ”
afternoon
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
704, 1281
ใƒกใ‚ค
2115
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„ with all oneโ€™s might
1379
1555
1400
readings from everyday words
้ž
ๅธธ
983
้žๅธธ
้‡‘
984
้‡‘ๆ›œๆ—ฅ
ๅฑฑ
985
ๆœฌ
986
ๆ—ฅๆœฌ
ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅ
่พž
ๅ…ธ
988
่‹ฑๅ’Œ่พžๅ…ธ
ๅฎŒๅ…จ
้ƒฝ
990
1632
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
1342
799
ใฒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
emergency; extraordinary
ใ‚ญใƒณ
2032
ใใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใณ
Friday
ใตใ˜ใ•ใ‚“
Mt. Fuji
211
ใซใปใ‚“
Japan
ใƒ‰
1555
ใฉใ‚ˆใ†ใณ
Saturday
ใ‚ธ
1504
ไบฌ้ƒฝ
ใˆใ„ใ‚ใ˜ใฆใ‚“
269
768
150
1497
1827
ใƒ†ใƒณ
ๅฎŒ
ๅ…จ
989
1429
ใƒ›ใƒณ
ๅœŸ
987
ใƒ’
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๅฏŒๅฃซๅฑฑ
| 125
English-Japanese dictionary
ใ‚ซใƒณ
187
ใ‚ผใƒณ
263
ใ‹ใ‚“ใœใ‚“
complete
ใƒˆ
1074, 1368
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใจ
Kyoto
1846
126 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ ฑ
991
้›ปๅ ฑ
ๅ…ƒ
992
ๅ…ƒๆฐ—
ๆผข
ๅญ—
993
ๆผขๅญ—
ๅ†—่ซ‡
ไฝๆ‰€
็Ž„้–ข
ไธปไบบ
็ง˜
998
็ง˜ๅฏ†
ๅฟ…
999
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
298
ใ’ใ‚“ใ
lively; alive and well
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜
ๅฟ…่ฆ
1507
59
1578
185
kanji
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
300
ใƒ€ใƒณ
350
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ‚“
joke
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1336
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡
954
1127
address
2017
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ไธป
997
telegraph
ใ‚ทใƒง
้–ข
996
ใงใ‚“ใฝใ†
ใ‚ธ
ไฝ
ๆ‰€
995
2014
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๅ†—
่ซ‡
994
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
main entrance; front porch
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
1335
ใ—ใ‚…ใ˜ใ‚“
husband
ใƒ’
1292
ใฒใฟใค
secret
ใƒ’ใƒ„
1294
ใฒใคใ‚ˆใ†
necessity; need
266
904
635
readings from everyday words
ๅ˜
1000
ๆฎต
1001
้šŽๆฎต
่‡ชไฟก
้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸ
ๅœฐ้œ‡
่ปข
1005
่‡ช่ปข่ปŠ
่‡ช็”ฑ
ๆŸ”
1007
ๆŸ”้“
ๅŽป
ๅนด
1008
ใ‹ใ„ใ ใ‚“
stairway
969
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“
self-con๏ฌdence
1887
ใฒใ“ใ†ใ
airplane
ใ‚ธ
956, 1287
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“
earthquake
ใ˜ใฆใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
bicycle
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
14, 1345, 2163
ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†
free; freedom
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1245
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†
judo
ใ‚ญใƒง
1021
ใใ‚‡ใญใ‚“
1105
1226
750
1036
ใƒใƒณ
ๅŽปๅนด
515
420
ใƒ†ใƒณ
็”ฑ
1006
1859
ใƒ’
ๅœฐ
1004
simple; uncomplicated
ใ‚ทใƒณ
้ฃ›
1003
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŸใ‚“
ใƒ€ใƒณ
ไฟก
1002
1928
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
็ฐกๅ˜
| 127
last year
128 | remembering the kanji 2
่ž
1009
ๆ–ฐ่ž
ๅ•†
ๅบ—
1010
ๅ•†ๅบ—
ๆ…ถ
ๅฟœ
1011
ๆ…ถๅฟœๅคงๅญฆ
ๅ‰
1012
ๅˆๅ‰
่ฆ‹็‰ฉ
ไป˜่ฟ‘
ๅ…ฌๅœ’
็…™
1016
newspaper
439
ใƒ†ใƒณ
588
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ‚“
store; shop
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
2001
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
607
ใ‘ใ„ใŠใ†ใ ใ„ใŒใ
Keiล University
290
ใ”ใœใ‚“
morning
57
ใƒ–ใƒ„
557
ใ‘ใ‚“ใถใค
sightseeing; a visit
ใตใใ‚“
vicinity
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1483
ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“
public park
ใใ‚“ใˆใ‚“
1050
1129
784
1612
ใ‚จใƒณ
็ฆ็…™
1626
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๅ…ฌ
1015
ใ—ใ‚“ใถใ‚“
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
่ฟ‘
1014
2100
ใ‚ผใƒณ
่ฆ‹
็‰ฉ
1013
ใƒ–ใƒณ
No Smoking!
readings from everyday words
ๅ–ซ
่Œถ
1017
ไปŠ
้€ฑ
1018
ไปŠ้€ฑ
ๅบฆ
1019
ไปŠๅบฆ
ๅ ด
1020
ๅทฅๅ ด
ๅ‘Š
1021
ๅบƒๅ‘Š
้Ÿณ
ๆฅฝ
1022
้Ÿณๆฅฝ
้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏ
ๆธฏ
1024
็ฉบๆธฏ
ๅฎค
1025
543
ใใฃใ•ใฆใ‚“
co๏ฌ€ee shop
ใ‚ณใƒณ
2099
1587
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1534
318
ใ“ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
this week
ใƒ‰
468, 2111
ใ“ใ‚“ใฉ
this time
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
1374
ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
factory
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
1008
ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ
advertisement
ใ‚ชใƒณ
1300
ใŠใ‚“ใŒใ
music
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
1476
ใ“ใ†ใใใฉใ†ใ‚
expressway; superhighway
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1197
ใใ†ใ“ใ†
airport
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใค
1194
545
247
479
1735
1669
1800
754
ใ‚ทใƒ„
ๆ•™ๅฎค
252
ใ‚ต
ใ‚ฌใ‚ฏ
้€Ÿ
1023
1550
ใ‚ญใƒ„
ๅ–ซ่Œถๅบ—
| 129
classroom
130 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ–ถ
ๆฅญ
1026
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ–ถๆฅญไธญ
ๆŽƒ
้™ค
1027
ๆŽƒ้™ค
ๅ†™็œŸ
ๆ€ฅ่กŒ
็ตฆๆ–™
ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ
ๅฝข
1032
ไบบๅฝข
ๆฅ
1033
cleaning; housecleaning
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ“ใ†
ๆฅๅนด
ๆ‹›ๅพ…
1658
1247
photograph
1146
express (train)
1349
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
salary
ใƒžใ‚ค
1304
ใพใ„ใซใก
every day
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
1587
ใซใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
doll
458
1711
1884
ใƒฉใ‚ค
ๅพ…
1034
ใใ†ใ˜
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆฏŽ
1031
1510
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ตฆ
1030
1152
ใ‚ธ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“
1792
โ€œOpen for Businessโ€
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ๆ€ฅ
1029
ใˆใ„ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚…ใ†
2228
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๅ†™
1028
1034
ใ‚จใ‚ค
ใ‚‰ใ„ใญใ‚“
next year
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
1438
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŸใ„
invitation
879
readings from everyday words
ๅฐ
1035
ๅฃฒ
1036
ๅ•†ๅฃฒ
่ณชๅ•
ๅ•้กŒ
ๆฒน
1039
primary school
323
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฐใ„
business
ใ‚ทใƒ„
1904, 2204
้†คๆฒน
1137
1617
ใƒขใƒณ
้กŒ
1038
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใฃใ“ใ†
ใƒใ‚ค
่ณช
ๅ•
1037
105
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฐๅญฆๆ ก
| 131
ใ—ใคใ‚‚ใ‚“
question
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1488
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ ใ„
problem
ใƒฆ
1346
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚†
soy sauce
389
1107
The ๏ฌrst kanji in the compound is not in the general-use list,
but can be found on most every dinner table in Japan.
้ฃŸ
ๅ ‚
1040
้ฃŸๅ ‚
ๅˆธ
1041
2045
1472
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
1343
798
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†
dining room; refectory
1206
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
้ฃŸๅˆธ
่–
1042
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ—ใ‚‡ใฃใ‘ใ‚“
meal ticket
825
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
่–ๆ›ธ
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡
Holy Writ; the Bible
132 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅบซ
1043
ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซ
็ทด
็ฟ’
1044
็ทด็ฟ’
ไนฑๆšด
่ฒกๅธƒ
่ฅฟ
ๆด‹
1047
่ฅฟๆด‹
ๅŠ‡
1048
ๅŠ‡ๅ ด
็ ‚็ณ–
ๆ”ฟ
1050
refrigerator
ใƒฌใƒณ
1328
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
1343
practice
72
1801
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
318
ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใผใ†
wild; unruly; rebellious
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
1517
ใ•ใ„ใต
wallet
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1548
1602
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
1450
549
ใ›ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
the West; Occident
ใ’ใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
theater
ใ‚ต
1411, 2153
ใ•ใจใ†
sugar
ใ›ใ„ใต
682
1997
117
381
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๆ”ฟๅบœ
589
574
ใ‚ฒใ‚ญ
็ ‚
1049
ใ‚Œใ„ใžใ†ใ“
ใƒฉใƒณ
่ฒก
1046
2222
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ไนฑ
ๆšด
1045
ใ‚ณ
the government
readings from everyday words
ๅฐ‚
้–€
1051
ๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถ
้ธ
ๆ‰‹
1052
้ธๆ‰‹
็ต‚
็‚น
1053
็ต‚็‚น
ๆดป
1054
็”Ÿๆดป
ๅพ’
1055
ๆŒ™
1056
้ธๆŒ™
ๆˆฆไบ‰
่ชฌๆ˜Ž
่ฉฆ
1059
ใƒขใƒณ
1616
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹
a specialist
ใ‚ปใƒณ
1804
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
637
ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…
athlete
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1352
ใƒ†ใƒณ
169
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใฆใ‚“
end of the line; terminal
ใ‚ซใƒ„
1500
ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใค
life; livelihood
ใ›ใ„ใจ
ใ›ใ‚“ใใ‚‡
student
1938
elections
1929
ใ›ใ‚“ใใ†
war
ใ‚ปใƒ„
1392
ใ›ใคใ‚ใ„
explanation
ใ—ใ‘ใ‚“
499
354
ใ‚ท
่ฉฆ้จ“
143
878
ใ‚ปใƒณ
่ชฌ
1058
46
ใ‚ญใƒง
ๆˆฆ
1057
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ใƒˆ
็”Ÿๅพ’
| 133
text; exam
134 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅนน
1060
ๆ–ฐๅนน็ทš
ๅคฑ
ๆ•—
1061
ๅคฑๆ•—
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
the โ€œBullet Trainโ€
ใ‚ทใƒ„
1378
ใ—ใฃใฑใ„
ๆฒขๅฑฑ
ใŸใใ•ใ‚“
ใŸใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใณ
845
failure
1072
a lot
393
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅ
1654
331
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
่ช•
1063
1269
ใƒใ‚ค
ๆฒข
1062
ใ‚ซใƒณ
birthday
Note the phonetic change in the second kanji.
ไธ
1064
ไธๅฏง
็‰น
1065
็‰นๅˆฅ
ๆœ‰
1066
ๆœ‰ๅ
้‹
1067
้‹ๅ‹•
็ด„
ๆŸ
1068
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
1458
ใฆใ„ใญใ„
politeness; courtesy
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
1440
ใจใในใค
special
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
2112
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„
famous
ใ‚ฆใƒณ
1523
ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†
exercise; sports
246
79
303
1362
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
็ด„ๆŸ
91
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
1475
ใ‚„ใใใ
promise
1664
readings from everyday words
่จณ
1069
ๅฐ
้ขจ
1070
ๅฐ้ขจ
้ขจ
1071
้ขจๅ‘‚
้ง…
1072
้ง…้•ท
ๅคงๅค‰
้ƒฝๅˆ
่Šธ
1075
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
1088, 1264
744
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆ
1071
524
ใŸใ„ใตใ†
typhoon
ใƒ•
1070
ใตใ‚
Japanese bath
่Šธ่€…
ใˆใใกใ‚‡ใ†
stationmaster
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
960
very much; awfully; awful
ใƒ„
990
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
1985, 2078
ใคใ”ใ†
conditions; โ€œthingsโ€
ใ‚ˆใ†ใตใ
1846
253
421
geisha
1399
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ๆด‹ๆœ
107
1745
ใŸใ„ใธใ‚“
ใ’ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
524
1984
ใ‚ฒใ‚ค
ๆœ
1076
translation
ใƒ˜ใƒณ
้ƒฝ
ๅˆ
1074
ใปใ‚“ใ‚„ใ
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
ๅคง
ๅค‰
1073
1073
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
็ฟป่จณ
| 135
Western clothes
136 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅญ
1077
ๅธฝๅญ
่–ฌ
ๅฑ€
1078
่–ฌๅฑ€
ๅ›ฃ
1079
ๅธƒๅ›ฃ
้ƒจ
1080
ๅ…จ้ƒจ
้ ญ
1081
้ ญ็—›
ๅˆ†
1082
ๅคงๅˆ†
ไป
1083
ๅคงไป
ๅคงไฝ“
ๆฏ
1085
2033
ใผใ†ใ—
a cap; hat
1736
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฏ
1066
ใ‚„ใฃใใ‚‡ใ
pharmacy
ใƒˆใƒณ
957
ใตใจใ‚“
Japanese quilt or mattress
ใƒ–
13
ใœใ‚“ใถ
all; everything
ใ‚บ
1445
ใšใคใ†
headache
ใƒ–
945, 1139, 1246
ใ ใ„ใถ
fairly; considerably
ใ ใ„ใถใค
Great Buddha (statue)
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
2103
ใ ใ„ใŸใ„
generally; on the whole
ใ„ใฃใฑใ„
582
1845
1441
781
964
957
1219
ใƒใ‚ค
ไธ€ๆฏ
95
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
ใƒ–ใƒ„
ไฝ“
1084
ใ‚ท
full; one cupful
readings from everyday words
ไธ‰
็”ป
1086
ไธ‰็”ป
ใ‚ตใƒณ
(2)
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1145
ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹ใ
3 strokes (as in a kanji)
| 137
3
1170
The next 5 frames present the characters used for some of the more common
โ€œcountersโ€ for which Japanese is notorious.
ๅ›ž
1087
ไธ€ๅ›ž
ๅฐ
1088
ไธ‰ๅฐ
ๆžš
1089
ไบŒๆžš
ไบ”่ป’
ๅ†Š
1091
ไบŒๅ†Š
ไป™
1092
ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ„
one time
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1070, 1264
ใ•ใ‚“ใ ใ„
3 (vehicles)
ไป™ๅฐ
ๅไบŒๆญณ
586
744
332
ใซใพใ„
2 (sheets of โ€ฆ)
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
1274
ใ”ใ‘ใ‚“
5 (houses)
ใ‚ตใƒ„
2092
ใซใ•ใค
2 (volumes of โ€ฆ)
1652
1826
986
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๆญณ
1093
2232
ใƒžใ‚ค
่ป’
1090
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ใ›ใ‚“ใ ใ„
(city of) Sendai
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
2016
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใซใ•ใ„
12 years old
512
138 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‰
1094
ๅคฉๆ‰
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
1518
ใฆใ‚“ใ•ใ„
genius
681
In the exemplary compounds given in the next two frames, note how pronunciation of the first syllable of the second kanji is changed from ใ‚ขใ‚ค to ใƒฏใ‚ค
because of the clumsiness of having two โ€œaโ€ sounds back to back.
ๅ“€
1095
ๅฏๅ“€ใใ†
ๆ„›
1096
ๅฏๆ„›ใ„
ๅฎข
้ข
1098
้ขๅ€’
ๆ˜Žๆฒปๆ™‚ไปฃ
ๅ…‰
1100
737
ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„
cute
ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1354
ใใ‚ƒใ
a guest
ๆ—ฅๅ…‰
ๅŒ—ๆตท้“
294
1892
ใ‚ใ‚“ใฉใ†
troublesome
ใƒกใ‚ค
1267
746
ใ‚ธ
269
1005
ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ˜ใ ใ„
Meiji Era (1866โ€“1912)
119
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆตท
1101
pitiable; pathetic
ใƒกใƒณ
ๆ˜Ž
ๆฒป
1099
ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†
ใ‚ขใ‚ค
ๅฎข
1097
401
ใ‚ขใ‚ค
ใซใฃใ“ใ†
(city of) Nikkล; sunlight
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
1302
ใปใฃใ‹ใ„ใฉใ†
Hokkaidล
461
readings from everyday words
ๆนพ
1102
็ญ†
1103
้‰›็ญ†
ๅ”ๅŠ›
่ชญ
1105
่ชญๆœฌ
ๆ–‡
ๆณ•
1106
ๆ–‡ๆณ•
ไบ‹
1107
็ซไบ‹
็ˆถ
1108
็ฅ–็ˆถ
943
ใˆใ‚“ใดใค
lead pencil
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฏ
567
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
cooperation
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏ
1833, 2205
ใฉใใปใ‚“
a reader
ใƒ–ใƒณ
860
ใƒใ‚ฆ
1850, 2134, 2241
ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†
grammar
ใ‚ธ
2203
ใ‹ใ˜
a ๏ฌre
ใใต
็ฅ–ๆฏ
็ฅž็คพ
858
348
1725
751
1156
1274
grandfather
101
ใƒœ
็ฅž
1110
Taiwan
ใƒ•
ๆฏ
1109
ใŸใ„ใ‚ใ‚“
ใƒ’ใƒ„
ๅŠ›
1104
1749
ใƒฏใƒณ
ๅฐๆนพ
| 139
ใใผ
grandmother
ใ‚ธใƒณ
145
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
Shinto shrine
1119
140 | remembering the kanji 2
็พŽ
1111
็พŽไบบ
ๅŠด
1112
่‹ฆๅŠด
็Ž‹ๅญ
ๆฎ‹ๅฟต
็•™ๅฎˆ
็ฌฌ
1116
็ฌฌไธ€
ๅ…
1117
860
ใใ‚ใ†
trouble; ordeal
255
ใŠใ†ใ˜
prince
ใ‚ถใƒณ
1263
ใ”ๅ…
ใ–ใ‚“ใญใ‚“
โ€œToo bad!โ€ โ€œWhat a shame!โ€
ใ‚น
516
ใ‚‹ใ™
absence (from home or post)
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1416
ใ ใ„ใ„ใก
No. 1
ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“
ใ–ใœใ‚“
186
1239
1972
โ€œI beg your pardon.โ€
1930
ใ‚ผใƒณ
ๅ็ฆ…
808
1590
ใƒกใƒณ
็ฆ…
1118
a beauty; beautiful woman
ใƒใƒณ
ๅฎˆ
1115
ใณใ˜ใ‚“
548
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆฎ‹
ๅฟต
1114
45, 1457
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
็Ž‹
1113
ใƒ“
sitting in Zen meditation
Observe that the ๏ฌrst character is a variant of the generaluse character ๅบง . It is used typically for sitting in Zen.
่ฆง
1119
855
ใƒฉใƒณ
ใ”่ฆง
ใ”ใ‚‰ใ‚“
โ€œDo have a look!โ€
readings from everyday words
้€
1120
ๆธฉ
1121
ๆธฉๆณ‰
็ง‘ๅญฆ
็„ก็†
ๅ…ท
1124
ๅฎถๅ…ท
ๆ–‡็ง‘็œ
ๆฏ’
1126
ใŠๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’
ๆญฉ้“
ๆณจ
1128
ใŠใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
hot springs; spa
1179
ใ‹ใŒใ
science
ใƒ 
324
ใ‚€ใ‚Š
unreasonable; too di๏ฌƒcult
ๆณจๆ„
1775
74
ใ‹ใ
furniture
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1410
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
Ministry of Science and
Education
124
1531
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏ
ๆญฉ
1127
1452
ใ‚ฐ
็œ
1125
broadcasting
ใ‚ซ
็„ก
1123
ใปใ†ใใ†
ใ‚ชใƒณ
็ง‘
1122
2016
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆ”พ้€
| 141
ใŠใใฎใฉใ
โ€œI am very sorry for you!โ€
ใƒ›
1414
ใปใฉใ†
sidewalk
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1331
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ„
taking care; watching out
371
267
142 | remembering the kanji 2
็›ฎ
็š„
1129
ใƒขใ‚ฏ
็›ฎ็š„
ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒ
ๅ›ฒ
็ข
1131
ไป–
1132
ไป–ไบบ
ไบˆ
1133
ๅคฉๆฐ—ไบˆๅ ฑ
็ฏ
1134
้›ป็ฏ
็พ
ๅœจ
1135
็พๅœจ
ๅฎฃ
ไผ
1136
ใ‚‚ใใฆใ
aim; goal
ใ‚ฑ
1624
314
ใ‚ทใ‚ญ
1958
1753
ใ‘ใ—ใ
scenery
1807
ใ‚ค
ๅ›ฒ็ข
ใ‚ด
1258
ใ„ใ”
Go; Japanese checkers
ใ‚ฟ
1291
ใŸใซใ‚“
outsider; stranger
ใƒจ
1506
ใฆใ‚“ใใ‚ˆใปใ†
weather forecast
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1463
ใงใ‚“ใจใ†
electric light
1766
961
1593
165
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
259
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
685
ใ’ใ‚“ใ–ใ„
modern times; the present
188
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๅฎฃไผ
15
69
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
ๆ™ฏ
่‰ฒ
1130
1930
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
1635
ใ›ใ‚“ใงใ‚“
propaganda
963
readings from everyday words
่ฒฟ
ๆ˜“
1137
่ฒฟๆ˜“ไผš็คพ
ๆ—
1138
ๅฎถๆ—
ไบ”ๅˆ†ไบ”็ง’
ๅฎš
ๅธญ
1140
ๆŒ‡ๅฎšๅธญ
ๆ‹
1142
ๆ‹่ฆ‹
ไฟ—่ชž
ๆญฆ
1144
ๆญฆๅฃซ
็”ป
1145
ใ‹ใžใ
the family
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
1412
899
ใƒ•ใƒณ
945, 1082, 1246
781
ใ”ใตใ‚“ใ”ใณใ‚‡ใ†
5 min., 5 sec.
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
360
ใ—ใฆใ„ใ›ใ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใ
ๆ˜ ็”ป
382
1193
reserved seat
759
education
1564
ใƒใ‚ค
ไฟ—
1143
1222
ใ‚คใ‚ฏ
ๆ•™่‚ฒ
1051
ใผใ†ใˆใใŒใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ trading company
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
่‚ฒ
1141
1705
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
็ง’
ๅˆ†
1139
1424
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
| 143
ใฏใ„ใ‘ใ‚“
to look at (honori๏ฌc)
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
1492
ใžใใ”
vulgarism; slang
ใƒ–
22
ใถใ—
(samurai) warrior
ใ‚ฌ
1086
ใˆใ„ใŒ
a movie; ๏ฌlm
968
377
1170
144 | remembering the kanji 2
่€
1146
่€ไบบ
ๅฒธ
1147
ๆตทๅฒธ
ไธก
1148
ไธก่ฆช
ๅฅๅบท
ๅคช้™ฝ
่ฏ
1151
ไธญ่ฏๆ–™็†
ๅˆบ
1152
ๅๅˆบ
่ฑ†่…
ๅฑ
1154
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
1275
ใ‹ใ„ใŒใ‚“
seashore
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚“
oneโ€™s parents
1159
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
health; physical condition
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
19
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
1370
ใŸใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
the sun
ใ‚ซ
2230
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š
Chinese food
ใ‚ใ„ใ—
calling card
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1441
ใจใ†ใต
bean curd; tลfu
ใใ‘ใ‚“
120
1300
1581
417
1440
1416
ใ‚ญ
ๅฑ้™บ
1653
1168
ใ‚ท
่ฑ†
1153
old person
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅคช
้™ฝ
1150
ใ‚ใ†ใ˜ใ‚“
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅบท
1149
1251
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
Danger!
readings from everyday words
ไนพ
1155
ๅ
1156
ๅๆœฌ
่ฒง
ไน
1157
ใ‹ใ‚“ใฑใ„
โ€œBottoms up!โ€ โ€œCheers!โ€
ใ‚ธใƒƒ
971
ใ˜ใฃใฝใ‚“
10 (long, straight objects)
ใƒ“ใƒณ
1251
่ฒงไน
ใณใ‚“ใผใ†
poor; destitute
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
276
ใณใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใ‚“
782
1682
1304
ใ‚คใƒณ
็—…้™ข
10
1215
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
็—…
้™ข
1158
463
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ไนพๆฏ
| 145
hospital
We conclude this chapter with the few characters in vol. 1 that were learned
directly with their Sino-Japanese readings because there was no good English
equivalent. All you need to do is see how they work in compounds.
ๅฐบ
ๅ…ซ
1159
ๅฐบๅ…ซ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใใฏใก
shakuhachi ๏ฌ‚ute
173
ใƒช
ไธƒ้‡Œ
ๅŽ˜
1161
8
ใƒใƒ
้‡Œ
1160
1070
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ—ใกใ‚Š
7 ri
178
ใƒชใƒณ
ไธ€ๅŽ˜
ใ„ใกใ‚Šใ‚“
the slightest jot
chapter 7
Mixed Groups
After the relaxing detour into everyday words, we must return to the
work that remains with signal primitives. From here on, the work will be
more complicated than it was in Chapters 2 and 5 because of the increasing
number of exceptions. In spite of that, I am sure you will ๏ฌnd that it does provide considerable help with what would otherwise be a hodgepodge of disconnected readings.
Unlike the โ€œsemi-pureโ€ groups, which had only 1 exception, these โ€œmixedโ€
groups are composed of at least 4 kanji sharing a common signal primitive
that assigns the same reading to at least 2 members of the group, but which
has more than 1 exception. The de๏ฌnition will get clearer as we go along.
The chapter divides mixed groups into three subgroupings of ascending
di๏ฌƒculty. We begin with the easiest: groups of kanji in which a signal primitive has 2 readings that apply to 2 or more kanji each. At times, you will notice,
a character will be assigned both readings.
a. mixed groups of 2 readings only
ๅŒ
1162
ๅŒๆ™‚
้Š…
1163
ใฉใ†ใ˜
simultaneous
272
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
้’้Š…
่ƒด
1164
180
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
ใ›ใ„ใฉใ†
bronze
182
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
่ƒดไฝ“
ใฉใ†ใŸใ„
trunk of the body
mixed groups
ๆดž
1165
็ญ’
1166
ๆฐด็ญ’
ๆกๆฒน
ๅ…†ๅ€™
่ทณ่บๆฟ
ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ
็œบๆœ›
ใจใ†ใ‚†
(Chinese) wood oil
235
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ“ใ†
sign; symptom
1284
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚„ใใฐใ‚“
springboard; jumping board
658
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ‚“
challenge
237
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใผใ†
outlook; prospects
236
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๆกƒๆบ้ƒท
้€ƒ
1173
204
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆกƒ
1172
canteen; water ๏ฌ‚ask
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
็œบ
1171
ใ™ใ„ใจใ†
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆŒ‘
1170
944
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ทณ
1169
insight
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅ…†
1168
ใฉใ†ใ•ใค
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๆก
1167
181
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
ๆดžๅฏŸ
ใจใ†ใ’ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†
heaven-on-earth; Shangri-la
283
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
้€ƒ่ตฐ
ใจใ†ใใ†
| 147
desertion; escape
148 | remembering the kanji 2
The remaining frames of Section a are not as confusing as they look, if you
take the time to study them. The two readings of the signal primitive overlap
in some kanji and not in others.
Some of the readings you have learned already (refer to the cross-reference
number), but they are all repeated here for the sake of completeness.
ๆˆ
1174
ๆˆๅŠŸ
ๆˆไป
็››
1175
ๅ…จ็››
็น็››
ๅฟ ่ช 
ๅŸŽๅ†…
ๅˆคๅฎš
่ฃๅˆค
ไผด
1179
ๅŒไผด
ไผดๅฅ
ๅŠ
1180
1457
ใœใ‚“ใ›ใ„
ใฏใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
in its prime; full splendor
๏ฌ‚ourishing
363
loyalty
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ›ใ„
362
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅˆค
1178
success
achieving โ€œBuddhahoodโ€
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๅŸŽ
1177
ใ›ใ„ใ“ใ†
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถใค
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ช 
1176
361
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅŠๅˆ†
inside the castle walls
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใชใ„
1205
ใƒใƒณใƒปใƒใƒณ
167
ใฏใ‚“ใฆใ„
ใ•ใ„ใฐใ‚“
judgment
trial; hearing
ใƒใƒณใƒปใƒใƒณ
169
ใฉใ†ใฏใ‚“
ใฐใ‚“ใใ†
company; companion
(musical) accompaniment
1203
ใƒใƒณ
166
ใฏใ‚“ใถใ‚“
half
1202
mixed groups
็•”
1181
ๆน–็•”
ไบก
1182
ๆญปไบก
ไบก่€…
ๅธŒๆœ›
ๆœฌๆœ›
ๅฟ˜ๅนดไผš
ๅคšๅฟ™
ๆ”พ้€็ถฒ
็›ฒ็›ฎ
ใใผใ†
ใปใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ†
hope
long-cherished desire
596
ใผใ†ใญใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
end-of-the-year party
618
ใŸใผใ†
very, very busy
1373
ใปใ†ใใ†ใ‚‚ใ†
broadcasting network
486
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚‚ใ
blindness
1065
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ๅฑค
ๅƒง
1189
489
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
ๅฑค
1188
death
the dead
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
็›ฒ
1187
ใ—ใผใ†
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
ใกใ—ใใใ†
intelligentsia
982
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
็ฆ…ๅƒง
ใœใ‚“ใใ†
1204
485
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
็ถฒ
1186
lakeside
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅฟ™
1185
ใ“ใฏใ‚“
ใƒœใ‚ฆใƒปใƒขใ‚ฆ
ๅฟ˜
1184
168
ใƒœใ‚ฆใƒปใƒขใ‚ฆ
ๆœ›
1183
ใƒใƒณ
| 149
Zen priest
150 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ›ฝ
1190
ไธญๆ›ฝๆ น
ๅข—
1191
ๅข—ๅŠ 
ๆ†Žๅฟƒ
Nakasone (surname)
ใžใ†ใ‹
ใžใ†ใ—ใ‚“
ๅฏ„่ดˆ
่ดˆๅ‘ˆ
ใใใ†
ใžใ†ใฆใ„
augmentation; increase
626
hatred; spite
503
donation
o๏ฌ€ering; present
1795
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ…ฑ็”ฃไธป็พฉ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ
501
502
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆใƒปใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ๅ…ฑ
1194
ใชใ‹ใใญ
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
่ดˆ
1193
48
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ๆ†Ž
1192
ใ‚ฝ
Communism
As with many other signal primitives we have met, this one
carries a reading only when it occupies a prominent place
(above or to the right) in the character.
ๆญ
1195
ๆญๆ•ฌ
ไพ›
1196
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‘ใ„
deference; respect
1796
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆใƒปใ‚ฏ
ไพ›็ตฆ
ไพ›้คŠ
ๆธฏ
1197
1803
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ฉบๆธฏ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚…ใ†
ใใ‚ˆใ†
supply
Buddhist โ€œmassโ€
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1024
ใใ†ใ“ใ†
airport
1800
mixed groups
ๆดช
1198
ๅ…ผ
1199
ๅ…ผไปป
่ฌ™่ญฒ
ๅซŒ็–‘
ๆฉŸๅซŒ
ใ‘ใ‚“ใซใ‚“
double post or appointment
1600
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
modesty
1598
ใ‘ใ‚“ใŽ
ใใ’ใ‚“
suspicion
mood; disposition
1601
ใƒฌใƒณ
ๅป‰ๅฃฒ
้ŽŒ
1203
1597
ใ‚ฑใƒณใƒปใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๅป‰
1202
๏ฌ‚ood
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๅซŒ
1201
ใ“ใ†ใšใ„
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
่ฌ™
1200
1799
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆดชๆฐด
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใฐใ„
bargain; sale
1599
ใƒฌใƒณ
้ŽŒๅบœ
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใท
| 151
Kamakura bakufu
A rare reading, mostly of historical importance.
ๆญฃ
1204
ๆญฃๆœˆ
ๆญฃ็พฉ
ๆ”ฟ
1205
379
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใƒปใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๆ”ฟๅบœ
ๆ‘‚ๆ”ฟ
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใค
ใ›ใ„ใŽ
January; New Yearโ€™s
justice
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1050
ใ›ใ„ใต
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
government
regency; regent
381
152 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ•ด
1206
่ชฟๆ•ด
ๅพ
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1477
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„
adjustment
881
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1207
ๅพไผ
่จผ
ใ›ใ„ใฐใค
subjugating; conquest
380
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1208
ไฟ่จผ
็—‡
ใปใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
guarantee
1685
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1209
็—…็—‡
ใณใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
1670
nature of a disease
b. mixed groups with 2 exceptions only
Unlike the mixed groups in Section a, those that follow share two characteristics: (1) they contain at least 3 kanji with a common reading; and (2) only 2
members of the group have readings di๏ฌ€erent from the others. Let us begin
with an example:
ๅ–
่‚ฑ
ใ‚ซใƒ„
1210
ไธ€ๅ–
ใ„ใฃใ‹ใค
่ค
1211
thundering cry
453
ใ‚ซใƒ„
่ค่‰ฒ
ๆธ‡
1212
454
ใ‹ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ
brown
451
ใ‚ซใƒ„
ๆธ‡ๆฐด
ใ‹ใฃใ™ใ„
drought
mixed groups
่ฌ
1213
ใˆใฃใ‘ใ‚“
ๆŽฒ
1214
452
ใ‚จใƒ„
่ฌ่ฆ‹
interview; audience
673
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๆŽฒ็คบๆฟ
ใ‘ใ„ใ˜ใฐใ‚“
| 153
notice board
It may have crossed your mind to ask why we should bother to classify these
characters into groups at allโ€”or it certainly will by the time the groups get
smaller and smaller.
The answer is twofold. On the one hand, if we did not, you would ๏ฌnd yourself adrift in a massive sea of disconnected readings far earlier than you need
to be. On the other, since we have learned more than 800 characters up to this
point by means of the signal primitives, to ignore them in cases where there
are exceptions would be to cut short our understanding of how these signal
primitives work in the Japanese writing system. Without some experience in
the mixed groups treated in these chapters, you will not appreciate the complex
blend of consistency and inconsistency that characterize the on-yomi.
ๅค
1215
ๅค่ชž
ๆน–
1216
ๆน–็•”
archaic word; old adage
148
ใ“ใฏใ‚“
lakeside; along a lake
333
ใ‚ณ
ไบ‹ๆ•…
ๆžฏ
1218
ใ“ใ”
ใ‚ณ
ๆ•…
1217
16
ใ‚ณ
ใ˜ใ“
accident
206
ใ‚ณ
ๆžฏๆทก
ใ“ใŸใ‚“
elegance; simplicity
154 | remembering the kanji 2
่‹ฆ
1219
่‹ฆๆ‚ฉ
ๅฑ…ไฝ
้Ÿ‹
ใ‚ค
1221
็›ธ้•
ใใ†ใ„
ๅ‰
1644
di๏ฌ€erence
1643
ใ‚ค
ๅ‰ๅคง
็ทฏ
ใ„ใ ใ„
majestic; magni๏ฌcent
1645
ใ‚ค
็ตŒ็ทฏ
ใ‘ใ„ใ„
่ก›
longitude and latitude
1646
ใ‚จใ‚ค
้˜ฒ่ก›
defense
ใผใ†ใˆใ„
้Ÿ“
1225
residence
ใใ‚‡ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
้•
1224
1063
ใ‚ญใƒง
1220
1223
distress; su๏ฌ€ering
ใใฎใ†
ๅฑ…
1222
225
ใ‚ฏ
1647
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝ
่จ˜
South Korea
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ
529
ใ‚ญ
1226
่จ˜่€…
ใใ—ใ‚ƒ
journalist; reporter
ๅทฑ
ใ‚ญใƒปใ‚ณ
24
525
1227
็Ÿฅๅทฑ
่‡ชๅทฑ
ใกใ
ใ˜ใ“
acquaintance
oneself
mixed groups
่ตท
1228
็ด€
1229
ไธ–็ด€
ๅฟŒไธญ
็Ž‹ๅฆƒ
ๅฟƒ้…
century
599
ใใกใ‚…ใ†
mourning
527
ใŠใ†ใฒ
queen
1436
ใ—ใ‚“ใฑใ„
worry; concern
723
ใƒใƒณ
ๆ€ฅๅ‚
ๅ
1234
ใ›ใ„ใ
ใƒใ‚ค
ๅ‚
1233
1354
ใƒ’
้…
1232
source
ใ‚ญ
ๅฆƒ
1231
ใใ’ใ‚“
ใ‚ญ
ๅฟŒ
1230
526
ใ‚ญ
่ตทๅŽŸ
| 155
ใใ‚…ใ†ใฏใ‚“
steep hill
ใƒใƒณใƒปใƒ›ใƒณใƒปใ‚ฟใƒณ 722
ๅๆ„Ÿ
่ฌ€ๅ
ๅ็‰ฉ
ใฏใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ‚€ใปใ‚“
ใŸใ‚“ใ‚‚ใฎ
animosity; antipathy
conspiracy; rebellion
cloth; textile
The second reading is rare. The compound in the ๏ฌnal reading combines an on-yomi and a kun-yomi.
ๆฟ
1235
724
ใƒใƒณใƒปใƒใƒณ
้‰„ๆฟ
ๆŽฒ็คบๆฟ
ใฆใฃใฑใ‚“
ใ‘ใ„ใ˜ใฐใ‚“
griddle; grill
notice board
156 | remembering the kanji 2
่ฒฉ
1236
่ฒฉๅฃฒ
็‰ˆ
1237
ใฏใ‚“ใฐใ„
selling
1213
ใƒใƒณ
ๅ‡บ็‰ˆ็คพ
้˜ช
1238
726
ใƒใƒณ
ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใฑใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ
publishing company
1294
ใƒใƒณ
้˜ช็ฅž
ใฏใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
Osaka and Kobe
The Japanese commonly take one character from the name
of two places or organizations and then turn the result into
an on-yomi compound which then represents the two original words. In this example, the result is the name of a large
corporation that runs a railway, a department-store chain,
and a baseball team.
้ฃฏ
1239
ใ”้ฃฏ
943
ใ”ใฏใ‚“
rice; meal; dinner
่ฟ”
1240
่ฟ”ไบ‹
ไปฎ้ข
็Ÿ›
1242
ใธใ‚“ใ˜
reply; answer
ใ‚ซ
2160
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚“
mask
็Ÿ›็›พ
ใ‚€ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“
contradiction
1227
ใƒ 
ไบ‹ๅ‹™
ใ˜ใ‚€
966
1225
ใƒ 
ๅ‹™
1243
725
ใƒ˜ใƒณ
ไปฎ
1241
1473
ใƒใƒณ
o๏ฌƒce work
mixed groups
้œง
1244
ๆŸ”
1245
ๆŸ”้“
ๆŸ”ๅ’Œ
ไบ”ๅˆ†
่‡ชๅˆ†
ๅคงๅˆ†
็ฒ‰ๆœซ
็ด›่ญฐ
้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—
็›†ๆ ฝ
่ฒง
1251
่ฒงไน
่ฒงๅฏŒ
้ ’
1252
ใ”ใตใ‚“
ใ˜ใถใ‚“
ใ ใ„ใถ
ใตใ‚“ใพใค
ใตใ‚“ใŽ
ใตใ‚“ใ„ใ
945, 1082, 1139
1358
powder
920
dissension; controversy
2028
atmosphere; ambience
ใƒœใƒณ
978
ใผใ‚“ใ•ใ„
dwarfed โ€œbonsaiโ€ plants
ใƒ“ใƒณใƒปใƒ’ใƒณ
1157
ใณใ‚“ใผใ†
ใฒใ‚“ใท
destitute; poor
rich and poor
ใฏใ‚“ใท
781
๏ฌve minutes
oneself
greatly; considerably
1449
782
783
ใƒใƒณ
้ ’ๅธƒ
1226
judo
gentleness; mildness
ใƒ•ใƒณ
็›†
1250
1007
ใƒ•ใƒณ
้›ฐ
1249
dispersion; dissipation
ใƒ•ใƒณ
็ด›
1248
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†
ใซใ‚…ใ†ใ‚
ใƒ•ใƒณใƒปใƒ–ใƒณใƒปใƒ–
็ฒ‰
1247
ใ‚€ใ•ใ‚“
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒปใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅˆ†
1246
1228
ใƒ 
้œงๆ•ฃ
| 157
distribution
158 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ——
ๅ…ถ
ใ‚ญ
1253
ๅ›ฝๆ——
ใ“ใฃใ
ๆฃ‹
1254
ๅฐ†ๆฃ‹
1763
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŽ
ๅŸบๆœฌ
ๅญฆๆœŸ
ๆฌบ
1767
ใใปใ‚“
fundamental
ใ‚ญ
2158
ใŒใฃใ
academic term
่ฉๆฌบ
็ข
1258
ๅ›ฒ็ข
ใ•ใŽ
fraud
ใ‚ด
1131
ใ„ใ”
Japanese checkers
ๆต…
่‚ช
ใ‚ปใƒณ
1259
ๆต…ๅญฆ
ใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ
้Šญ
่ทต
1261
ใใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
shallow or super๏ฌcial learning
368
cash; money
1286
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๅฎŸ่ทต
ใ˜ใฃใ›ใ‚“
1766
369
ใ‚ปใƒณ
้‡‘้Šญ
1765
1762
ใ‚ฎ
1257
1260
Japanese chess
ใ‚ญ
ๆœŸ
1256
national ๏ฌ‚ag
ใ‚ญ
ๅŸบ
1255
1764
praxis; practical
mixed groups
ๆกŸ
1262
367
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๆกŸๆฉ‹
ใ•ใ‚“ใฐใ—
| 159
pier; landing-wharf
The exemplary compound includes a kun-yomi.
ๆฎ‹
1263
ๆฎ‹ๅฟต
ใ‚ถใƒณ
1114
ใ–ใ‚“ใญใ‚“
โ€œWhat a pity!โ€
ๅฐ
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ใƒปใƒ€ใ‚ค
1070, 1088
744
1264
ๅฐๆนพ
ไธ‰ๅฐ
ใŸใ„ใ‚ใ‚“
ใ•ใ‚“ใ ใ„
Taiwan
3 (vehicles)
ๆ€ 
1265
่ƒŽ
1266
ใŸใ„ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
ๆฏ่ƒŽ
ใผใŸใ„
ๆ˜Žๆฒปๆ™‚ไปฃ
ๆฒปๅฎ‰
ๅง‹
1268
748
matrix
ใ‚ธใƒปใƒ
1099
ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ˜ใ ใ„
ใกใ‚ใ‚“
Meiji Era (1868โ€“1912)
law and order
ๅŽŸๅง‹็š„
ๆ–ฐๅนน็ทš
ใ’ใ‚“ใ—ใฆใ
747
747
ใ‚ท
ๅนน
1269
sloth; indolence
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ๆฒป
1267
745
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ๆ€ ๆฅญ
808
primitive
ใ‚ซใƒณ
1060
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
Japanโ€™s superexpress
โ€œBullet Trainโ€
1654
160 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅนฒ
1270
ๅนฒๆฝฎ
ๅˆŠ
1271
้€ฑๅˆŠ
ๆฑ—้ก”
่‚่ฆ
ไบ”่ป’
ๅฒธ
1275
ๆตทๅฒธ
ๅ…„
1276
1650
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
weekly (magazine)
1651
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใ‚“
perspiration
1649
ใ‚ซใƒณ
่ป’
1274
low tide; ebb tide
ใ‚ซใƒณ
่‚
1273
ใ‹ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆฑ—
1272
1648
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†
essential
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
1090
ใ”ใ‘ใ‚“
5 (houses, buildings)
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
1147
ใ‹ใ„ใŒใ‚“
seashore
ใตใ‘ใ„
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„
1653
103
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ˆถๅ…„
ๅ…„ๅผŸ
1652
father and elder brother(s)
brothers (and sisters)
Note that the primitive element ่ƒ„ does not ๏ฌgure as a member of this group, but is used later as a signal primitive from
frame 1390.
็ซถ
1277
434
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ซถ้ฆฌ
็ซถไบ‰
ใ‘ใ„ใฐ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใใ†
horse racing
competition
mixed groups
ๆณ
1278
็ฅ
1279
็ฅ็ฆ
็ฅๅ„€
ๅ…‹
1280
145
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆฆ‚ๆณ
ใŒใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†
general conditions
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1089
ใ—ใ‚…ใใตใ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใŽ
blessing
celebration
104
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
ๅ…‹ๅทฑ
ใ“ใฃใ
| 161
self-denial
The ๏ฌnal six frames of Section b merit careful study. Some of the readings
were learned earlier. A few of them will be met with only rarely. In any event,
the complete list is presented here.
็”Ÿ
1281
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿ
ไธ€็”Ÿ
ๅง“
1282
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅง“ๅ
็™พๅง“
ๆ€ง
1283
ใ›ใ„ใ‚ใ„
ใฒใ‚ƒใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฅณๆ€ง
ๆ€งๅˆ†
ๆ˜Ÿ
1284
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใถใ‚“
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ˜Ÿๅบง
ๆ˜Žๆ˜Ÿ
ใ›ใ„ใ–
ใฟใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
704, 983
1555
teacher
oneโ€™s life; lifetime
707
1557
oneโ€™s full name
farmer; peasant
705
1558
woman
nature; disposition
706
a โ€œsignโ€ of the zodiac
Venus; morning star
1556
162 | remembering the kanji 2
็”ฃ
1285
ไธๅ‹•็”ฃ
็‰ฒ
1286
็Š ็‰ฒ
ใ‚ตใƒณ
709
ใตใฉใ†ใ•ใ‚“
real estate
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
708
ใŽใ›ใ„
sacri๏ฌce
1560
1569
c. remaining mixed groups
As indicated earlier, this ๏ฌ nal class of mixed groups is by far the most di๏ฌƒcult andโ€”unfortunatelyโ€”the most numerous. Despite the many exceptions,
it pays to learn these characters in their respective groups. Fortunately, a good
number of the characters included for the sake of completeness have already
been learned under another rubric.
As before, characters that have more than one standard reading are treated
in full here with exemplary compounds provided for each of their readings.
ๅœฐ
1287
ๅœฐๅ›ณ
ๅœฐ้œ‡
ๆฑ 
1288
้›ปๆฑ 
ใกใš
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“
map
earthquake
515
516
ใงใ‚“ใก
battery
1045
ใ‚ทใƒปใ‚ป
ๆ–ฝ่กŒ
ๅธƒๆ–ฝ
ไนŸ
1290
956, 1004
ใƒ
ๆ–ฝ
1289
ใƒใƒปใ‚ธ
ไนŸๅฏธๅฟ—
ใ—ใ“ใ†
ใตใ›
enforcement; excecution
alms; o๏ฌ€ering (to a priest)
ใƒค
38
ใ‚„ใ™ใ—
Yasushi (personal name for
a man)
mixed groups
ไป–
1291
ไป–ไบบ
็ง˜
1292
็ง˜ๅฏ†
ๆณŒ
1293
ๆณŒๅฐฟ
ๅˆ†ๆณŒ
ๅฟ…่ฆ
ๅ”
1295
1132
ใŸใซใ‚“
outsider; stranger
ใƒ’
998
ใฒใฟใค
secret
ใฒใซใ‚‡ใ†
ใถใ‚“ใดใค
ใƒ’ใƒ„
999
ใฒใคใ‚ˆใ†
necessary; need
ใ—ใ‚…ใใต
904
urination; urinary
secretion
635
718
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ๅ”็ˆถ
961
636
ใƒ’ใƒปใƒ’ใƒ„
ๅฟ…
1294
ใ‚ฟ
| 163
uncle
The exemplary compound is normally read ใŠใ˜.
ๆท‘
1296
่ฒžๆท‘
็ฃ
1297
ใฆใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ
chastity
719
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
็›ฃ็ฃ
ๅฏ‚
1298
721
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใจใ
coach; director
720
ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใ‚ปใ‚ญ
้™ๅฏ‚
ๅฏ‚้™
ใ›ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ
ใ›ใใ›ใ„
retreat into silence
retreat into silence
164 | remembering the kanji 2
้Ÿป
1299
้Ÿณ้Ÿป
้Ÿณ
1300
้Ÿณๆฅฝ
็ฆ้Ÿณ
ๆš—
1301
ๆš—่จ˜
ๆตทๅฒธ
ๆ‚”
1303
ๅพŒๆ‚”
ๆฏŽๆ—ฅ
ๆข…
1305
ๆข…่Šฑ
ใ‚ชใƒณใƒปใ‚คใƒณ
1022
ใŠใ‚“ใŒใ
ใตใใ„ใ‚“
music
Gospel
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ
1101
ใ‹ใ„ใŒใ‚“
seashore
ไพฎ่พฑ
remorse
1031
ใพใ„ใซใก
every day
ใถใ˜ใ‚‡ใ
ใณใ‚“ใใ
458
460
plum blossoms
989
humiliation; disgrace
459
ใƒ“ใƒณ
ๆ•้€Ÿ
461
625
ใƒžใ‚ค
ใฐใ„ใ‹
479
memorization
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ„
481
480
ใƒ–
ๆ•
1307
phoneme
ใƒใ‚ค
ไพฎ
1306
ใŠใ‚“ใ„ใ‚“
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๆฏŽ
1304
840
ใ‚ขใƒณ
ๆตท
1302
ใ‚คใƒณ
brisk; prompt
mixed groups
็น
1308
1337
ใƒใƒณ
็นๆ „
| 165
prosperity
ใฏใ‚“ใˆใ„
Pay special attention to the following group of 12 kanji, made up of 2 readings and 2 exceptions. This is a unique group whose mastery now will save you
much confusion later. Be careful not to include frames 508โ€“509, where the
present signal primitive ๏ฌgured as part of a larger signal primitive.
้˜ฒ
1309
้˜ฒ่ก›
็ดก
1310
็ดก็ธพ
ๅŠไธป
ๅŠใกใ‚ƒใ‚“
ๅฆจๅฎณ
ใผใ†ใ›ใ
spinning (cloth)
492
ใผใ†ใš
ใผใฃใกใ‚ƒใ‚“
Buddhist priest; bonze
young master; greenhorn
491
ใผใ†ใŒใ„
interference; obstruction
494
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
่„‚่‚ช
ๅ‚
1314
1357
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
่‚ช
1313
defense
ใƒœใ‚ฆใƒปใƒœใƒ„
ๅฆจ
1312
ใผใ†ใˆใ„
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅŠ
1311
1302
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ใ—ใผใ†
fat
1015
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅ‚็ทš
ใผใ†ใ›ใ‚“
marks indicating emphasis,
similar to italics in Western
typesetting
166 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆˆฟ
1078
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
1315
ๅฎ˜ๆˆฟ้•ท
ใ‹ใ‚“ใผใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ๆ–น
1316
ๆ–น้ข
ใปใ†ใ‚ใ‚“
่Šณๅฟ—
ใปใ†ใ—
่จชๅ•
ใปใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
ๆ„Ÿๆฟ€
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ’ใ
ๆ•ท
495
formal visit
497
deeply felt emotion
1883
ใƒ•
1320
ๆ•ท่จญ
ๅ€ค
ใตใ›ใค
laying out (e.g., rails)
978
ใƒ
ไพกๅ€ค
็ฝฎ
ใ‹ใก
value; worth
832
ใƒ
ๆ”พ็ฝฎ
ๆฎ–
1323
your kind o๏ฌ€er
ใ‚ฒใ‚ญ
1319
1322
493
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๆฟ€
1321
direction
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
่จช
1318
490
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
่Šณ
1317
secretary general
ใปใ†ใก
neglect; leaving unattended
811
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
็”Ÿๆฎ–
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
procreation
mixed groups
ๆค
1324
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใถใคใˆใ‚“
็›ด
1325
็›ด้ข
ๆญฃ็›ด
ๆฑไบฌ
ๅ‡
confrontation
honest; frank
ใกใ‚‡ใใ‚ใ‚“
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ
504
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
937
ใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ†
Tokyo
ๅ‡็ต
506
ใจใ†ใ‘ใค
freezing
ใƒฌใƒณ
1044
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
practice
็ทด
1328
็ทด็ฟ’
้Œฌ
1329
้Œฌ้‡‘่ก“
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚…ใค
alchemy
1301
ใƒใƒณ
1330
้™ณๅˆ—
ๆณจ
ๆณจๅฐ„
ๆŸฑ
display; exhibit
ใกใ‚“ใ‚Œใค
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1128
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
injection
ใงใ‚“ใกใ‚…ใ†
267
268
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้›ปๆŸฑ
1343
2030
ใƒฌใƒณ
้™ณ
1332
73
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1327
1331
botanical garden
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใ‚ธใ‚ญ
ๆฑ
1326
205
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ๆค็‰ฉๅœ’
| 167
telephone pole
168 | remembering the kanji 2
้ง
1333
้ง่ปŠๅ ด
่จป
1334
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
่จป
1335
ใกใ‚…ใ†
ไธปไบบ
ๅŠไธป
ไฝ
1336
ไฝๆ‰€
ๅพ€
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒปใ‚น
977
ใ—ใ‚…ใ˜ใ‚“
ใผใ†ใš
oneโ€™s husband
Buddhist priest
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
995
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡
address; residence
ๅพ€ๅพฉ
ใŠใ†ใตใ
่ฃณ
่„พ
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1338
่กฃ่ฃณ
ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
่ณž
ๆ‡ธ่ณž
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ๆŽŒ
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
800
dress; costume [rare]
796
reward or prize
985
indemnity; compensation
801
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ปŠๆŽŒ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
954
round trip
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ณ ๅ„Ÿ
266
880
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ„Ÿ
1341
notes; endnotes
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
1337
1340
parking lot
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ไธป
1339
1982
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
conductor (on a bus or train)
| 169
mixed groups
ๅธธ
1342
้žๅธธ
ๅ ‚
1343
้ฃŸๅ ‚
ๅ…š
1344
ไธŽๅ…š
็”ฑๆฅ
่‡ช็”ฑ
ๆฒน
1346
็Ÿณๆฒน
1040
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฉใ†
dining hall
798
797
ruling political party
ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ˜ใ‚†ใ†
reason; origin
freedom; free
ใƒฆ
1039
ใ›ใใ‚†
oil
ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™
ใ†ใกใ‚…ใ†
1109
universe; space
1106
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆŠฝ่ฑก
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
abstraction
1112
ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ
่ปŠ่ปธ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ˜ใ
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่ข–ๆ‰‹
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚…
1105
1107
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่ข–
1350
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
14, 1006, 2163
่ปธ
1349
extraordinary; emergency
ใƒฆใƒปใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๆŠฝ
1348
ใฒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ˆใจใ†
ๅฎ™
1347
983
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็”ฑ
1345
799
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
axle; wheel
1108
hands-in-oneโ€™s-sleeves
170 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ„
291
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1351
ๅ„่‡ช
ๆ ผ
1352
ๆ€งๆ ผ
้–ฃ
ใ‹ใใ˜
each one; each person
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
2159
ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ
character; nature
292
1624
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1353
ๅ†…้–ฃ
ใชใ„ใ‹ใ
ๅฎข
ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1354
ใŠๅฎขใ•ใ‚“
ๆ—…ๅฎข
ใŠใใ‚ƒใใ•ใ‚“
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ‹ใ
็ตก
1355
่„ˆ็ตก
่ฝ่ชž
้…ช่พฒ
็•ฅ่ชž
้ก
1359
1350
(logical) coherence
299
ใ‚‰ใใ”
comic storytelling
1433
ใƒฉใ‚ฏ
็•ฅ
1358
ใฟใ‚ƒใใ‚‰ใ
ใ‚‰ใใฎใ†
dairy farming
ใƒชใƒฃใ‚ฏ
570
ใ‚Šใ‚ƒใใ”
abbreviation
ใœใ‚“ใŒใ
293
295
ใ‚ฌใ‚ฏ
ๅ…จ้ก
294
guest
passenger; tourist
ใƒฉใ‚ฏ
้…ช
1357
1097
ใƒฉใ‚ฏ
่ฝ
1356
(government) cabinet
sum total
| 171
mixed groups
่€…
1360
ๅŒป่€…
็…ฎ
1256
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
936
ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒ
doctor
1257
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
1361
็…ฎๆฒธ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใตใค
็ฝฒ
1362
่ญฆๅฏŸ็ฝฒ
ๆฎ‹ๆš‘
่ซธๅ›ฝ
่‘—่€…
็Œชๅ‹‡
ไธ€็ท’
ๆƒ…็ท’
้ƒฝ
1368
ใ–ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡
โ€œIndian summerโ€
1261
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ“ใ
(various) countries
1258
ใกใ‚‡ใ—ใ‚ƒ
author
1262
ใƒใƒง
็ท’
1367
1260
ใƒใƒง
็Œช
1366
police station
ใ‚ทใƒง
่‘—
1365
ใ‘ใ„ใ•ใคใ—ใ‚‡
ใ‚ทใƒง
่ซธ
1364
1259
ใ‚ทใƒง
ๆš‘
1363
boiling
ไบฌ้ƒฝ
้ƒฝๅˆ
ใกใ‚‡ใ‚†ใ†
foolhardy courage
ใ‚ทใƒง
ใƒปใƒใƒง
966
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡
together
heartstrings; emotionalism
ใƒˆ
ใƒปใƒ„
990, 1074
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใจ
ใคใ”ใ†
Kyoto
conditions
1344
1846
172 | remembering the kanji 2
่ณญ
1254
ใƒˆ
1369
่ณญๅš
gambling
ใจใฐใ
้™ฝ
ๆ˜œ
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
1150
1370
ๅคช้™ฝ
ใŸใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
sun
1300
The signal primitive at play in this and the following frames
has its own reading, as was learned back in frame 1137.
ๆš
1371
ๆŽฒๆš
่…ธ
1372
ๅคง่…ธ
็†ฑๆนฏ
ๅทฅๅ ด
ๅ‚ท
1375
ๅ‚ทๅฎณ
ๅœฐไธ‹้‰„
่ฟญ
1377
544
colon; large intestine
ใ ใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†
546
ใญใฃใจใ†
boiling water
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
1020
ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
factory
wound; injury
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ„
ใƒ†ใƒ„
958
ใกใ‹ใฆใค
subway train
ใ“ใ†ใฆใค
846
847
ใƒ†ใƒ„
ๆ›ด่ฟญ
545
996
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
้‰„
1376
hoisting; raising
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅ ด
1374
ใ‘ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆนฏ
1373
664
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
change; shakeup
mixed groups
ๅคฑ
1378
ๅคฑ็คผ
ใ‚ทใƒ„
1061
ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„
discourtesy
็งฉ
็งฉๅบ
่‰Ÿ
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ใƒปใƒใ‚ฏ
1380
ๅšๆ„›
่ณญๅš
ใฏใใ‚ใ„
ใจใฐใ
่–„
ใƒใ‚ฏ
1381
่–„่ท
็ธ›
1382
ๆŸ็ธ›
็ฐฟ่จ˜
ๅ•†ๅบ—่ก—
่ก—้“
ใฏใฃใ‹
peppermint
1376
ใใใฐใ
restraint; restriction
949
ใผใ
bookkeeping
890
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ‚“ใŒใ„
ใ‹ใ„ใฉใ†
shopping street
thoroughfare; highroad
157
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
็”Ÿๆถฏ
ๆก‚
1386
227
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๆถฏ
1385
philanthropy
gambling
ใƒœ
่ก—
1384
47
ใƒใ‚ฏ
็ฐฟ
1383
order; discipline
ใกใคใ˜ใ‚‡
ๅš
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใ„
lifetime; oneโ€™s life
198
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๆก‚็šฎ
845
903
ใƒใƒ„
1379
| 173
ใ‘ใ„ใฒ
cinnamon
174 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅœญ
1387
ๅœญๅญ
ไฝณไฝœ
ๅฐ็ญ’
ๅฐๅปบ
่ƒ„
ใ‚จใƒ„
1390
้–ฒ่ฆงๅฎค
ใˆใคใ‚‰ใ‚“ใ—ใค
ๆ‚ฆ
envelope
feudalism
ใตใ†ใจใ†
ใปใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
้–ฒ
1618
reading room
619
ใ‚จใƒ„
ๆบ€ๆ‚ฆ
่ชฌ
่ชฌๆ˜Ž
็จŽ
็จŽ้‡‘
้‹ญ
ใพใ‚“ใˆใค
delighted; satis๏ฌed
ใ‚ปใƒ„
1058
ใ›ใคใ‚ใ„
explanation
ใ‚ผใ‚ค
577
ใœใ„ใใ‚“
taxes
้‹ญๆ•
ใˆใ„ใณใ‚“
ใ ใคใœใ„
895
acute; sharp-witted
498
ใƒ€ใƒ„
่„ฑ็จŽ
499
500
ใ‚จใ‚ค
่„ฑ
1395
156
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆใƒปใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
1389
1394
excellent piece of
work
ใ‹ใ•ใ
ๅฐ
1393
970
ใ‚ซ
1388
1392
Keiko (personal name
of a woman)
ใ‘ใ„ใ“
ไฝณ
1391
155
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
tax evasion
| 175
mixed groups
ๆ น
่‰ฎ
ใ‚ณใƒณ
1396
ๅคงๆ น
ใ ใ„ใ“ใ‚“
ๆจ
1397
ๆ‚”ๆจ
ใ‹ใ„ใ“ใ‚“
็„ก้™
ใ‚€ใ’ใ‚“
็œผ็ƒ
้–‹็œผ
้Š€่กŒ
้€€
1401
ๆ’ค้€€
ๆ”ฏๅบ—
1467
ใŒใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†
ใ‹ใ„ใ’ใ‚“
eyeball
Buddhist ceremony for
consecrating a new image
ใ‚ฎใƒณ
974
ใŽใ‚“ใ“ใ†
bank
ใฆใฃใŸใ„
1459
1465
withdrawal; retreat
711
ใ—ใฆใ‚“
branch o๏ฌƒce or store
713
ใ‚ท
ๆž่‘‰
่‚ข
1404
in๏ฌnity
ใ‚ท
ๆž
1403
1466
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ๆ”ฏ
1402
regret; remorse
ใ‚ฌใƒณใƒปใ‚ฒใƒณ
้Š€
1400
1460
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
็œผ
1399
large garden radish
ใ‚ณใƒณ
้™
1398
1461
ใ—ใ‚ˆใ†
branch and leaf; nonessentials
714
ใ‚ท
่‚ขไฝ“
ใ—ใŸใ„
limbs; members
176 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆŠ€
1405
ๆŠ€่ƒฝ
ๅฒ
1406
ๅฒ่ทฏ
ๅฐ‘ๅนด
ไบคๆธ‰
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ‚“
child; juvenile
372
ใ“ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
negotiations
647
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆใƒปใ‚ปใ‚ค
1125
ๆ–‡็ง‘็œ
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‹ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
ๅ็œ
ใฏใ‚“ใ›ใ„
Ministry of Science and
Education
re๏ฌ‚ection; consideration
็ ‚็ณ–
ไบ”็ง’
ๅฆ™
1413
106
selection; excerpt
็ง’
1412
forked road
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ
ๆŠ„้Œฒ
็ ‚
1411
ใใ‚
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็œ
1410
772
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆŠ„
1409
technical skill
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆธ‰
1408
ใŽใฎใ†
ใ‚ญ
ๅฐ‘
1407
712
ใ‚ฎ
ใ‚ต
1049, 2153
ใ•ใจใ†
sugar
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
1139
ใ”ใณใ‚‡ใ†
5 seconds
ใใฟใ‚‡ใ†
117
899
123
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฅ‡ๅฆ™
124
queer; curious
| 177
mixed groups
ๆญฉ
1414
ๆญฉ้“
ๆญฉๅˆ
ๆญฉ
ๅŠฃ
1127
ใปใฉใ†
ใถใ‚ใ„
ใต
sidewalk
rate; ratio
a pawn (in Japanese chess)
862
ใƒฌใƒ„
1415
ๅŠฃ็ญ‰ๆ„Ÿ
371
ใƒ›ใƒปใƒ–ใƒปใƒ•
inferiority complex
ใ‚Œใฃใจใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
Although the readings in the following group will both be familiar, it is helpful
to see them together.
็ฌฌ
่ˆŽ
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1116
1416
็ฌฌไธ€
ใ ใ„ใ„ใก
No. 1
ใƒ‡ใƒปใƒ€ใ‚ค
544
ใงใ—
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ„
disciple
brothers (and sisters)
ๅผŸ
1417
ๅผŸๅญ
ๅ…„ๅผŸ
็šฎ
1418
่ขซ
1419
sarcasm
807
ใƒ’
่ขซๅฎณ
ๅฝผ
1420
ใฒใซใ
ใฒใŒใ„
damage; harm; injury
883
ใƒ’
ๅฝผๅฒธ
ใฒใŒใ‚“
1240
802
ใƒ’
็šฎ่‚‰
1239
equinox
178 | remembering the kanji 2
็–ฒ
1421
็–ฒๅŠด
ๆŠซ
1422
ๆŠซ้œฒๅฎด
็ ด็”ฃ
้›ปๆณข
ๅฉ†
1425
่€ๅฉ†
ไฟณๅฅ
ๅ…ˆ่ผฉ
ๆŽ’ๆฐด็ฎก
้žๅธธ
ๆ‚ฒ
1430
806
ใฏใ•ใ‚“
bankruptcy
ใƒ
18
ใงใ‚“ใฑ
radio waves; air waves
803
804
ใ‚ใ†ใฐ
old woman
1633
ใฏใ„ใ
haiku poem
1637
ใ›ใ‚“ใฑใ„
oneโ€™s senior
1634
ใƒใ‚ค
้ž
1429
wedding reception
ใƒใ‚ค
ๆŽ’
1428
ใฒใ‚ใ†ใˆใ‚“
ใƒใ‚ค
่ผฉ
1427
805
ใƒ
ไฟณ
1426
fatigue
ใƒ
ๆณข
1424
ใฒใ‚ใ†
ใƒ’
็ ด
1423
1688
ใƒ’
ใฏใ„ใ™ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“
water pipe; conduit
983
ใฒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
emergency; extraordinary
1635
ใƒ’
ๆ‚ฒ่ฆณ
1653
ใƒ’
ใฒใ‹ใ‚“
pessimism
mixed groups
ๆ‰‰
1431
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใด
็ฝช
1432
ๆœ‰็ฝช
ๅฏบ
1433
ๅฏบๅ†…
ๆ”ฏๆŒ
ไพๅพ“
ๆ™‚้–“
่ฉฉ
1437
่ฉฉไบบ
ๆ‹›ๅพ…
็ญ‰
1439
guilty
ๅŠฃ็ญ‰
็‰นๅˆฅ
1636
158
ใ˜ใชใ„
within the temple precincts
660
ใ—ใ˜
backup; support
976
ใ˜ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
chamberlain
ใ‚ธ
970
ใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“
time
159
346
ใ—ใ˜ใ‚“
poet
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
1034
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŸใ„
invitation
879
945
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็‰น
1440
ใ‚†ใ†ใ–ใ„
ใ‚ท
ๅพ…
1438
983
ใ‚ธ
ๆ™‚
1436
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
ใ‚ธ
ไพ
1435
doors (of a gate)
ใ‚ธ
ๆŒ
1434
1638
ใƒ’
้–€ๆ‰‰
| 179
ใ‚Œใฃใจใ†
inferior
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
1065
ใจใในใค
special
246
180 | remembering the kanji 2
่ฑ†
1441
่ฑ†่…
ๅคง่ฑ†
็—˜
1442
ๅคฉ็„ถ็—˜
ๆˆฆ้—˜
็™ป้Œฒ
็™ปๅฑฑ
ๅ…ˆ้ ญ
้Ÿณ้ ญ
้ ญ็—›
่ฑŠ
1446
่ฑŠๅนด
ๆธ…ๆพ„
1629
ใ›ใ‚“ใจใ†
battle
1703
ใจใ†ใ‚ใ
ใจใ–ใ‚“
registration
mountain climbing
ใƒˆใ‚ฆใƒป
ใƒˆ
ใƒปใ‚บ
1081
ใ›ใ‚“ใจใ†
ใŠใ‚“ใฉ
ใšใคใ†
forefront; van
leading (in singing)
headache
ใปใ†ใญใ‚“
ใ›ใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†
็Ÿญๆฐ—
ใŸใ‚“ใ
bumper year
1704
limpid; clear
1442
short temper
547
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
็พŠๆฏ›
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚‚ใ†
1441
1443
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
็พŠ
1449
smallpox
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
็Ÿญ
1448
ใฆใ‚“ใญใ‚“ใจใ†
1440
1684
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๆพ„
1447
bean curd; tลfu
soybeans
ใƒˆใ‚ฆใƒป
ใƒˆ
้ ญ
1445
ใจใ†ใต
ใ ใ„ใš
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็™ป
1444
1153
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
้—˜
1443
ใƒˆใ‚ฆใƒปใ‚บ
wool
mixed groups
ๆด‹
1450
่ฅฟๆด‹
ๆง˜
1451
ๆง˜็›ธ
ไผ‘้คŠ
็ชฏๆฅญ
็™บ็ฅฅๅœฐ
่ฉณ็ดฐ
ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎ
ๆ–ฐ็พŽ
็พŽไบบ
ไธ
1458
1479
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
rest and recuperation
1325
ใ‚ˆใ†ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
ceramics manufacturing
1088
ใฏใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใก
cradle; birthplace
550
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ„
details; particulars
551
ใ‚ปใƒณ
็พŽ
1457
aspect; phase
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
้ฎฎ
1456
ใ‚ˆใ†ใใ†
ไธๅฏง
ไบŒไธ็›ฎ
549
933
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ฉณ
1455
the West; Occident
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
็ฅฅ
1454
ใ›ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
็ชฏ
1453
1047
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
้คŠ
1452
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
| 181
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
fresh
ใƒŸ
ใƒป
ใƒ“
45, 1111
ใซใ„ใฟ
ใณใ˜ใ‚“
Niimi (surname)
beautiful woman
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ใƒปใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
1064
ใฆใ„ใญใ„
ใซใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚
civility; courtesy
city block no. 2
548
91
182 | remembering the kanji 2
็”บ
1459
็”บไบบ
้ ‚
1460
้ ‚็‚น
็œŒๅบ
่ฒฏ้‡‘
้›ป็ฏ
่จ‚
1464
่จ‚ๆญฃ
ๆ‰“ๅ€’
ๅ–ๆจ
ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
prefectural o๏ฌƒce
194
ใกใ‚‡ใใ‚“
(bank) savings
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1134
ใงใ‚“ใจใ†
electric light
ใฆใ„ใ›ใ„
ใ ใจใ†
ใ—ใ‚…ใ—ใ‚ƒ
่ถฃๅ‘ณ
ใ—ใ‚…ใฟ
correction; revision
653
a fall (from power)
819
adoption or rejection
820
hobby; pastime
821
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๆœ€ๆ–ฐ
ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚“
165
339
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
ๆœ€
1468
591
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
่ถฃ
1467
apex; summit
ใƒ€
ๅ–
1466
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ‚“
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๆ‰“
1465
94
ใƒใƒง
็ฏ
1463
merchant (class)
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ฒฏ
1462
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅบ
1461
92
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
latest; newest
mixed groups
ๆ’ฎ
1469
ๅŒบ
1470
ๅœฐๅŒบ
ๅ…ˆ้ง†
ๆฌงๅทž
ๆฎดๆ‰“
ๆžข่ปธ
็ด„ๆŸ
้€Ÿ
1476
้ซ˜้€Ÿ้“่ทฏ
ๆ•ด
1477
region
1983
ใ›ใ‚“ใ
harbinger; forerunner
1699
ใŠใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
Europe
1698
ใŠใ†ใ 
blow; assault
1697
ใ‚นใ‚ฆ
ๆŸ
1475
ใกใ
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆžข
1474
1696
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆฎด
1473
photographing
ใ‚ฏ
ๆฌง
1472
ใ•ใคใˆใ„
ใ‚ฏ
้ง†
1471
822
ใ‚ตใƒ„
ๆ’ฎๅฝฑ
่ชฟๆ•ด
| 183
ใ™ใ†ใ˜ใ
pivot
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
1068
ใ‚„ใใใ
promise
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
1023
ใ“ใ†ใใใฉใ†ใ‚
highway; expressway
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
1206
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„
adjustment
1664
1669
1670
184 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ‹…
1478
่ฉ”ๅ‹…
็–Ž
1479
็–Žๅค–
imperial proclamation
1668
ใใŒใ„
alienation
1665
ใƒฉใ‚ค
ไฟก้ ผ
ๆพ
1481
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ
ใ‚ฝ
้ ผ
1480
1667
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ„
reliance; trust
785
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆพ็ซนๆข…
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใใฐใ„
pine, bamboo, and plum
A word of explanation about the explanatory compound in
this frame: because of their resistance to the winter cold, the
pine, bamboo, and plum often appear together in end-of-the
year decorations. From there, they have come to be associated with festive occasions in general.
่จŸ
1482
่จด่จŸ
ๅ…ฌ
1483
ๅ…ฌๅœ’
็ฟ
1484
ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
legal suit
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1015
ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“
public park
่€็ฟ
ใ‚ใ†ใŠใ†
venerable old man
665
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๆๆกˆ
ใฆใ„ใ‚ใ‚“
784
786
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆ
1485
787
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
proposal; proposition
mixed groups
ๅ ค
1486
ๆ˜ฏ
1487
ๆ˜ฏ้ž
้กŒ
1488
ๅ•้กŒ
ๆฌฒ
ๆฌฒๆœ›
ๆตด
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
1490
ๆตดๅฎค
่ฐท
ๅนฝ่ฐท
ไฟ—่ชž
่ฃ•
1493
ใ‚ผ
576
ใœใฒ
absolutely; by all means
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
1038
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ ใ„
problem
ใ‚ˆใใผใ†
ไฝ™่ฃ•
389
craving; appetite; ambition
789
ใ‚ˆใใ—ใค
bathing room
788
ใ‚†ใ†ใ“ใ
deep ravine; glen
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
1143
ใžใใ”
slang; vulgarism
ใ‚ˆใ‚†ใ†
ใ›ใใ˜ใค
ใ“ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ
968
793
surplus; breathing room
1184
ใ‚ปใ‚ญใƒปใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๆ˜”ๆ—ฅ
ไปŠๆ˜”
388
792
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๆ˜”
1494
dike
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
ไฟ—
1492
ใฆใ„ใผใ†
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
1489
1491
390
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๅ ค้˜ฒ
| 185
bygone days
past and present
186 | remembering the kanji 2
็ฑ
1495
ๆˆธ็ฑ
ๆƒœ
1496
ๆƒœๆ•—
้Œฏ่ชค
ๅ€Ÿ้‡‘
ๆŽช็ฝฎ
็”Ÿๆดป
ๆ‹ฌ
1501
ๅŒ…ๆ‹ฌ
ๅผ่ˆŒ
้›ป่ฉฑ
่พž
1504
1185
ใ•ใใ”
mix-up; mistake
1186
ใ—ใ‚ƒใฃใใ‚“
debt; liability
1188
ใใก
measures; steps
ใ‚ซใƒ„
1054
ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใค
life; livelihood
ใปใ†ใ‹ใค
่พžๅ…ธ
143
661
all-embracing; comprehensive
41
ใ‚ผใƒ„
่ฉฑ
1503
narrow defeat
ใ‚ซใƒ„
่ˆŒ
1502
ใ›ใใฏใ„
ใ‚ฝ
ๆดป
1500
1187
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๆŽช
1499
census registration
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ๅ€Ÿ
1498
ใ“ใ›ใ
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
้Œฏ
1497
1567
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ในใ‚“ใœใค
eloquence
ใƒฏ
947
ใงใ‚“ใ‚
telephone
ใ‚ธ
988
ใ˜ใฆใ‚“
dictionary
344
1497
mixed groups
ๆ†ฉ
1505
ไบˆ
1506
ไบˆ็ด„
้ 
1507
้ ้‡‘
ๅบๆ–‡
้‡Ž็ƒ
้™ค
1510
้™คๅค–
ๆŽƒ้™ค
ๅ™
1511
ๅ™ไบ‹่ฉฉ
1133
ใ‚ˆใ‚„ใ
reservation
ๅพ่กŒ
ใ‚ˆใใ‚“
deposit (in a bank)
1594
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใถใ‚“
preface (to a book)
ใƒค
954
ใ‚„ใใ‚…ใ†
baseball
ใ‚ธใƒง
ใƒปใ‚ธ
1027
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใŒใ„
ใใ†ใ˜
exception; exclusion
cleaning
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ˜ใ—
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ“ใ†
ใจใใ†
1596
1658
1660
epic
1659
โ€œGo Slowly!โ€
1663
ใƒˆ
ๅก—่ฃ…
1593
1595
ใ‚ธใƒง
ๅก—
1513
ใƒจ
ใ‚ธใƒง
ๅพ
1512
recess; rest
ใ‚ธใƒง
้‡Ž
1509
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ‘ใ„
ใƒจ
ๅบ
1508
611
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ไผ‘ๆ†ฉ
| 187
painting; coating
188 | remembering the kanji 2
้€”
1514
้€”ไธญ
ใจใกใ‚…ใ†
ไฝ™
ไฝ™็™ฝ
ๆ
ๅ–ๆ
่ฒก็”ฃ
่ฒกๅธƒ
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ตใ‚ค
1046
ใ–ใ„ใ•ใ‚“
ใ•ใ„ใต
oneโ€™s possessions or wealth
wallet
ๅคฉๆ‰
้–‰ๅบ—
ๆŒ‡ๆฎ่€…
ใฆใ‚“ใ•ใ„
genius
ใธใ„ใฆใ‚“
ๅ…‰่ผ
681
closing time (of a shop)
662
ใ—ใใ—ใ‚ƒ
conductor (of an orchestra)
302
ใ“ใ†ใ
splendor; dazzling brilliance
301
ใ‚ฐใƒณ
ๆตท่ป
682
1623
ใ‚ญ
่ป
1522
1094
ใ‚ญ
่ผ
1521
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
ๆฎ
1520
683
gathering data or material
้–‰
1519
empty space (in a
painting)
ใ‚ˆใฏใ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ–ใ„
ๆ‰
1518
1657
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
่ฒก
1517
halfway; on the way
ใƒจ
1515
1516
1661
ใƒˆ
ใ‹ใ„ใใ‚“
navy
mixed groups
้‹
1523
้‹ๅ‹•
้’
1524
้’ๅนด
็ท‘้’
็ฒพ
ใ‚ฆใƒณ
1067
ใ†ใ‚“ใฉใ†
exercise; sports
78
ใ›ใ„ใญใ‚“
ใ‚ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
youth
verdigris; green rust
1535
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1525
็ฒพ็ฅž
ไธ็ฒพ
ๆธ…
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ 80
1539
1526
ๆธ…ๆฝ”
ๆธ…ๆต„
clean
purity; innocence
ใ›ใ„ใ‘ใค
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
่ซ‹
1527
็”ณ่ซ‹
ๆ™ฎ่ซ‹
ๆ™ด
1528
ๆ™ดๅคฉ
้™
1529
้™ๆญข
ๆƒ…
1530
ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…
303
1534
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚“
ใถใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
| 189
mind; psyche
indolence; sloth
1536
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใƒปใ‚ทใƒณ
83
ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
ใตใ—ใ‚“
application; petition
building; construction
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
81
ใ›ใ„ใฆใ‚“
clear skies
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
82, 834
ใ›ใ„ใ—
standstill; stationary
1538
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
84
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
feelings; emotions
1540
1537
190 | remembering the kanji 2
่ชฟ
349
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
1531
่ชฟๅญ
ๅฝซ
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
1532
ๅฝซๅƒ
ๅ‘จ
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—
condition; state
1710
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใžใ†
sculpture; statue
317
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1533
ๅ††ๅ‘จ
้€ฑ
1534
้€ฑ้–“
ใˆใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
circumference
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1018
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
week
่ฉฒ
ไบฅ
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
1535
่ฉฒๅฝ“
ใŒใ„ใจใ†
318
1522
pertinent; relevant
The signal primitive above has no Chinese reading, as we
learned back in frame 640.
ๅŠพ
1536
1523
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๅผพๅŠพ
ๆ ธ
ใ ใ‚“ใŒใ„
impeachment
1520
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1537
ๆ ธๅฟƒ
ๅˆป
ใ‹ใใ—ใ‚“
nucleus
1521
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
1538
ๆ™‚ๅˆป่กจ
ใ˜ใ“ใใฒใ‚‡ใ†
ๆธˆ
่ˆŠ
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
1539
็ตŒๆธˆ
ใ‘ใ„ใ–ใ„
timetable
1731
economy; economics
mixed groups
ๆ–Ž
1540
ๆ–‰
1541
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ•ใ„
private study; library
1729
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๆ–‰ๅ”ฑ
ๅ‰ค
1542
1732
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๆ›ธๆ–Ž
ใ›ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
homophony
1730
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
ๆด—ๅ‰ค
ใ›ใ‚“ใ–ใ„
| 191
cleanser; laundry soap
chapter 8
Readings from Useful Compounds
We have done everything we can with the signal primitives but are still left
with 701 frames to complete our study of the Chinese readings. Now we return
to the procedure followed in Chapter 6, focusing on the exemplary compounds. Many of the words that appear in the following 237 frames are not
common to everyday conversation, but they are all words that you will meet
frequently in everyday reading materials such as newspapers, magazines, billboards, street signs, and menus. If you have studied the language formally for
a half a year or more, you will probably know at least a third of them already.
็™บ
1543
็™บ้Ÿณ
ๅทฅ
1544
ๅคงๅทฅ
้›จ
1545
ๆข…้›จ
pronunciation
ใ‚ฏ
114
ใ ใ„ใ
carpenter
ใฐใ„ใ†
่€ƒๆกˆ
ใ“ใ†ใ‚ใ‚“
Japanโ€™s โ€œrainy seasonโ€
1252
plan; idea being considered
1554
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๆ†ฒๆณ•
ใ‘ใ‚“ใฝใ†
76
422
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ†ฒ
1547
ใฏใคใŠใ‚“
ใ‚ฆ
่€ƒ
1546
1705
ใƒใƒ„
(national) constitution
readings from useful compounds
่ฅฟ
1548
้–ข่ฅฟ
่ฑš
1549
่ฑšใ‚ซใƒ„
่ฟทๆƒ‘
ๅฏฉ
1551
้™ชๅฏฉ
่ฒทๅŽ
pork cutlets
ใƒกใ‚ค
924
ใƒฏใ‚ฏ
614
ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ใ
trouble; inconvenience
1910
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚“
jury
831
1510
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
bribery; buying o๏ฌ€
522
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏ
็‹ฌ็ซ‹
ใƒชใƒ„
2104
ใฉใใ‚Šใค
independence
ๅปƒๆญข
ๅœŸๅœฐ
431
1796
ใƒใ‚ค
ๅœŸ
1555
ใจใ‚“ใ‹ใค
1602
538
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅปƒ
ๆญข
1554
the โ€œKansaiโ€ district
ใƒใ‚ค
็‹ฌ
็ซ‹
1553
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ•ใ„
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่ฒท
ๅŽ
1552
1047
ใƒˆใƒณ
่ฟท
ๆƒ‘
1550
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
| 193
ใ‚ท
20
ใฏใ„ใ—
repeal; abolition
ใƒˆ
987
ใจใก
tract of land
370
150
194 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅฃ
1556
ไบบๅฃ
็š‡
1557
ๅคฉ็š‡
ๆด
ๅŠฉ
1558
ๆดๅŠฉ
ไบ’
ๆต
1559
ไบ’ๆต
ๆดพ้ฃ
ๅ…ฅ
1561
ๅ…ฅ้™ข
ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅ
ๅŒ–
็ฒง
1563
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
population
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
1632
ใฆใ‚“ใฎใ†
(Japanese) Emperor
261
1951
ใ‚ธใƒง
1782
ใˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡
assistance; ๏ฌnancial aid
757
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
31
ใ”ใ‘ใ„
reciprocal
612
ใƒ
1855
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
1773
ใฏใ‘ใ‚“
dispatching (e.g., a delegate)
779
ใซใ‚…ใ†ใ„ใ‚“
admittance into a hospital
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
436
ใฟใ‚‡ใ†ใซใก
the morrow
ใ‚ฑ
110
ใ‘ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใค
20
1008
923
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅŒ–็ฒงๅฎค
11
ใ‚จใƒณ
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆ˜Ž
1562
2098
ใ‚ด
ๆดพ
้ฃ
1560
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
โ€œpowder roomโ€
readings from useful compounds
ๅคซ
ๅฉฆ
1564
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆ
ๅคซๅฉฆ
้ฆ–็›ธ
่กฃ้กž
ไธ‡ๆญณ
ๆ€
1568
ๆ€ๆƒณ
่ฟ…้€Ÿ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
prime minister
ใ‚ค
23
ใ„ใ‚‹ใ„
clothing (generic term)
ใƒใƒณ
973
ใฐใ‚“ใ–ใ„
โ€œHip, hip, hurray!โ€
ใ—ใใ†
ๅนณๅ‡
64
thought; ideas
280
ใ˜ใ‚“ใใ
speedy; prompt
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
2038
1484
160
ใธใ„ใใ‚“
an average
ใ‚ธ
2041
ใ˜ใฉใ†
396
605
58
436
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
ๅ…็ซฅ
209
931
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๅ…
็ซฅ
1571
2063, 2088
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ๅนณ
ๅ‡
1570
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ท
่ฟ…
1569
70
ใƒซใ‚ค
ไธ‡
1567
man and wife; couple
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
่กฃ
้กž
1566
ใตใ†ใต
838
1151
ใƒ•
้ฆ–
็›ธ
1565
824
| 195
child; juvenile
196 | remembering the kanji 2
่งฃ
้‡ˆ
1572
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
่งฃ้‡ˆ
ๆ–‡ๅฅ
ไผ‘ๆ—ฅ
ๅฝน
1575
ๅธ‚ๅฝนๆ‰€
้›†
1576
ๅ‹Ÿ้›†
็ฝฐ้‡‘
ไฝ
1578
ๅœฐไฝ
complaint
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
965
ใ‚ธใƒ„
561
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ˜ใค
holiday; day o๏ฌ€
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
2156
ใ—ใ‚„ใใ—ใ‚‡
city hall
ใผใ—ใ‚…ใ†
recruiting
ใƒใƒ„
2119
ใฐใฃใใ‚“
๏ฌne; penalty
ใกใ„
็›ดๆŽฅ
ไธ–้–“
884
559
833
955
position; status
672
ใ‚ปใƒ„
้–“
1580
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ
ใ‚ค
ๆŽฅ
1579
65
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ฝฐ
1577
interpretation
ใ‚ฏ
ไผ‘
ๆ—ฅ
1574
ใ‹ใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใ
1814
1908
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๅฅ
1573
2231
ใกใ‚‡ใใ›ใค
direct; immediate
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
396
ใ›ใ‘ใ‚“
public world; society
1620
readings from useful compounds
ๆ–ญ
1581
ๅ“
1582
ไบ‹ๅ‹™็”จๅ“
ไบŒไธ–
ๅณถ
1584
ๅŠๅณถ
็žฌ้–“
้€ฒ่กŒ
ๅฝขๅผ
ๅฎ—ๆ•™
ๆŸป
1589
o๏ฌƒce supplies
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
7
ใซใ›ใ„
second generation
ใฏใ‚“ใจใ†
ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“
peninsula
817
instant; blink of the eye
561
ใ—ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
advance; progress
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
1032
ใ‘ใ„ใ—ใ
form; formality
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2110
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใใ‚‡ใ†
religion
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ•
1711
353
1100
1781
ใ‚ต
่ชฟๆŸป
28
1948
ใ‚ทใ‚ญ
ๅฎ—
1588
ใ˜ใ‚€ใ‚ˆใ†ใฒใ‚“
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๅฝข
ๅผ
1587
23
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒณ
้€ฒ
1586
decision
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็žฌ
1585
ใฏใ‚“ใ ใ‚“
ใƒ’ใƒณ
ไธ–
1583
1136
ใƒ€ใƒณ
ๅˆคๆ–ญ
| 197
investigation; research
198 | remembering the kanji 2
่ด
1590
ๅ…ฌ่ดไผš
ๆ‘
1591
็”บๆ‘
ไธญ็ถ™
ๅคง่‡ฃ
้–‹
1594
ๆ‰“้–‹
ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ
ๅปถๆœŸ
ๆผ”่ชฌ
ๅพฉ่ˆˆ
่จ€
1599
1370
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‘ใ„
(television or radio) relay
ใ‚ทใƒณ
2206
ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚“
cabinet minister
ใ ใ‹ใ„
848
1622
break (in a deadlock)
1712
ใˆใ„ใใ‚‡ใ†
in๏ฌ‚uence
392
ใˆใ‚“ใ
postponement; adjournment
2007
ใ‚จใƒณ
่ˆˆ
1598
towns and villages
ใ‚จใƒณ
ๆผ”
1597
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใใ‚“
ใ‚จใ‚ค
ๅปถ
1596
208
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๅฝฑ
1595
public hearing
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่‡ฃ
1593
ใ“ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
็ถ™
1592
827
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
่จ€ๆ˜Ž
ใˆใ‚“ใœใค
address; speech
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1604
ใตใฃใ“ใ†
revival; rehabilitation
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
1764
ใ’ใ‚“ใ‚ใ„
(press) statement
1426
335
| 199
readings from useful compounds
็ฏ„
1600
็ฏ„ๅ›ฒ
ไบ†
1601
็ต‚ไบ†
ๆฑบๅ‹
้ป’ๆฟ
่ˆˆๅ‘ณ
ๆ—ง
1605
ๅพฉๆ—ง
่ฒ ๆ‹…
ๅ‰Šๆธ›
ๅผท็›—
ๆฎบ
1609
1641
ใ‘ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
decision (of a contest)
174
ใ“ใใฐใ‚“
blackboard
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
1598
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฟ
interest; appeal
1426
35
ใตใฃใใ‚…ใ†
restoration; restitution
63
ใตใŸใ‚“
charge; burden; responsibility
366
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๅผท
1608
conclusion; ending
ใƒ•
ๆธ›
1607
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่ฒ 
1606
97
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
่ˆˆ
1604
sphere; range
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
้ป’
1603
ใฏใ‚“ใ„
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆฑบ
1602
1413
ใƒใƒณ
่‡ชๆฎบ
ใ•ใใ’ใ‚“
reduction; curtailment
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
952
ใ”ใ†ใจใ†
armed robbery
ใ‚ตใƒ„
2116, 2225
ใ˜ใ•ใค
suicide
1235
1493
200 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ‹ข
1610
ๅงฟๅ‹ข
ๆผ
1611
ๆผๆฅญ
็ด
1612
ๅŽ็ด
ๆจน
1613
ๆจน็ซ‹
่กŒๆ”ฟ
็Šฏ
1615
็Šฏไบบ
ๅปบ่จญ
ๅปบ็ฏ‰
ใŽใ‚‡ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฌshing industry
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
2020, 2040, 2168, 2170
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใฎใ†
receipts; harvest (of crops)
่‚ฅๆ–™
ๆฌกๅ…ƒ
172
1356
1446
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚Šใค
establishment; creation
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
974, 2234, 2238
ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ›ใ„
(governmental) administration
ใฏใ‚“ใซใ‚“
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ›ใค
ใ‘ใ‚“ใกใ
873
1414
criminal; o๏ฌ€ender
708
large-scale construction
950
small-scale construction
1756
ใƒ’
ๆฌก
1619
2117
ใƒใ‚ฏ
่‚ฅ
1618
ใ‚ฎใƒง
ใ‚ปใƒ„
็ฏ‰
1617
position (on an issue)
ใƒใƒณ
่จญ
1616
ใ—ใ›ใ„
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
่กŒ
1614
1515
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใฒใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
fertilizer
ใ‚ธ
666
ใ˜ใ’ใ‚“
dimension
471
readings from useful compounds
่บซ
1620
ๅฑ•
1621
็™บๅฑ•
ๅค–็ง‘
ๅพ—
1623
ๆ‰€ๅพ—
ๆ™ฏๆฐ—
้‡
1625
้‡่ฆ
่ฉ•
1626
่ฉ•่ซ–ๅฎถ
ไพ้ ผ
ๅฆ
1628
ใฏใฃใฆใ‚“
development; expansion
ใ‚ฒ
962
ใ’ใ‹
surgery
ๅฆๅฎš
ใ—ใ‚‡ใจใ
income; earnings
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
1130
ใ‘ใ„ใ
(economic) boom
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1720
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
important; weighty
critic; commentator
ใ‚ค
2226
ใ„ใ‚‰ใ„
dependency
ใ˜ใ˜ใค
1675
971
1218
denial; negation
1572
ใ‚ธใƒ„
ไบ‹ๅฎŸ
314
1487
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‹
ใฒใฆใ„
111
876
ใƒ’
ๅฎŸ
1629
1925
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไพ
1627
oneself; personally
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
ๆ™ฏ
1624
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚“
ใƒ†ใƒณ
ๅค–
1622
1248
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่‡ช่บซ
| 201
fact
202 | remembering the kanji 2
็ถญ
1630
ๆ˜Žๆฒป็ถญๆ–ฐ
ๆ”น
้ฉ
1631
ๆ”น้ฉ
็š‡
1632
็š‡ๅฑ…
ๆŠ˜
่ก
1633
ๆŠ˜่ก
็คŽ
1634
ๅŸบ็คŽ
ๅฎฃไผ
ๆบ€
1636
Meiji Restoration
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
528
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
1893
ใ‹ใ„ใ‹ใ
reform; reformation
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1557
ใ“ใ†ใใ‚‡
Imperial Palace
ๆบ€้–‹
ๅนผ็จšๅœ’
261
ใ‚ปใƒ„
1130
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1680
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
negotiations
394
ใใ
foundation; basis
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
1136
ใ›ใ‚“ใงใ‚“
publicity; propaganda
ใพใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
963
1169
ใƒžใƒณ
ๅนผ
็จš
1637
ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ„ใ—ใ‚“
ใ‚ฝ
ไผ
1635
1341
ใ‚ค
in full bloom
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
1378
ใƒ
896
ใ‚ˆใ†ใกใˆใ‚“
kindergarten
readings from useful compounds
ๆ’
ไน…
1638
ๅ“
ๅกฉ
1639
้ฃŸๅ“ๅกฉ
ๆ’ƒ
1640
ๆ”ปๆ’ƒ
ๅˆฉ็›Š
่ฟฝ
1642
่ฟฝๆฑ‚
่ฒป็”จ
ๆ‹“
1644
้–‹ๆ‹“
permanence; perpetuity
ๆบๅธฏ
ๆฐ—่ฑก
1016
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
51
ใ‚จใƒณ
1458
ใ—ใ‚‡ใใŸใใˆใ‚“
table salt
709
ใ“ใ†ใ’ใ
attack
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
2223
ใ‚Šใˆใ
pro๏ฌt; gains
ใคใ„ใใ‚…ใ†
1881
1268
pursuit
ใƒ’
1238
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
1181
ใฒใ‚ˆใ†
expenses
651
ใ‹ใ„ใŸใ
reclamation (of wasteland)
687
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่ฑก
1646
ใ“ใ†ใใ‚…ใ†
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
ๆบ
1645
43, 2157
ใƒ„ใ‚ค
่ฒป
็”จ
1643
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฒใ‚ญ
็›Š
1641
620
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ’ไน…
| 203
ใ‘ใ„ใŸใ„
portable
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
488
ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
weather
1976
204 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆทท
1647
ๆททไนฑ
ๆก
1648
ๆก็ด„
ไบ‹ไปถ
ๆ„ๅ‘
ๅ›ž็ญ”
ๅฅ‘็ด„
่ตท่จด
่จฑๅฏ
a๏ฌ€air; matter
183
ใ„ใ“ใ†
intention; inclination
947
ใ‹ใ„ใจใ†
reply; answer
1549
ใ‘ใ„ใ‚„ใ
contract; agreement
1139
ใใ
indictment
569
ใใ‚‡ใ‹
permission
340
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
่จŽ่ญฐ
่จบ
1656
ใ˜ใ‘ใ‚“
ใ‚ญใƒง
่จŽ
1655
959
ใ‚ฝ
่จฑ
1654
treaty
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่จด
1653
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚„ใ
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅฅ‘
1652
298
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
็ญ”
1651
disorder; confusion
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๅ‘
1650
ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ‚“
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ไปถ
1649
450
ใ‚ณใƒณ
ใจใ†ใŽ
debate; discussion
1724
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่จบๅฏŸ
ใ—ใ‚“ใ•ใค
medical examination
readings from useful compounds
ไธŠ
1657
ไปฅไธŠ
็จฎ
1658
็จฎ้กž
ๆฃ„ๆจฉ
ๆ‰‡้ขจๆฉŸ
ๆ—ฅๆœฌ้…’
็ง็ซ‹
ๆ•ฐๅญฆ
ๅ‚ฌ
1664
ไธปๅ‚ฌ
ใใ‘ใ‚“
abstention (from voting)
1079
ใ›ใ‚“ใทใ†ใ
electric fan
1428
ใซใปใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…
Japanese saké
902
ใ—ใ‚Šใค
privately owned and run
ใ‚นใ‚ฆ
2097
ใ™ใ†ใŒใ
mathematics
ใ—ใ‚…ใ•ใ„
ๅฎšไพก
ใฆใ„ใ‹
sponsorship; promotion
1603
๏ฌxed price
1044
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
้‡‘่ž
ใใ‚“ใ‚†ใ†
929
987
ใ‚ซ
่ž
1666
758
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ไพก
1665
kind; type
ใ‚ท
ๆ•ฐ
1663
ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚‹ใ„
49
1679
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
็ง
1662
above; more than
ใ‚ปใƒณ
้…’
1661
ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ญ
ๆ‰‡
1660
2220
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
ๆฃ„
1659
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
| 205
monetary circulation; credit
206 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅญฃ
1667
ๅ››ๅญฃ
่š•
1668
้คŠ่š•
ไบˆ็ฎ—
ๆœ็ดข
็€
1671
ๅˆฐ็€
้€ฃ
้‚ฆ
1672
้€ฃ้‚ฆ
ๅ›ฐ
้›ฃ
1673
ๅ›ฐ้›ฃ
ๆฃฎ
ๆž—
1674
the four seasons
523
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ•ใ‚“
sericulture; raising silkworms
946
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๆœ
็ดข
1670
ใ—ใ
ใ‚ตใƒณ
็ฎ—
1669
912
ใ‚ญ
ๆฃฎๆž—
ใ‚ˆใ•ใ‚“
budget
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
1120
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
1365
ใใ†ใ•ใ
manhunt; search
ใƒใƒฃใ‚ฏ
2131
ใจใ†ใกใ‚ƒใ
arrival (of a plane, train, etc.)
555
ใƒฌใƒณ
287
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
1848
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใฝใ†
union; federate state
ใ‚ณใƒณ
579
ใƒŠใƒณ
1580
ใ“ใ‚“ใชใ‚“
distress; di๏ฌƒculty
ใ‚ทใƒณ
197
ใƒชใƒณ
196
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚“
woods and forests
readings from useful compounds
็ช
1675
ๆฑš
ๆŸ“
1676
ๆฑšๆŸ“
็ดฏๅข—
ๆŠ•็ฅจ
้€ฎๆ•
่ƒฝ็Ž‡
ๅ…จ็„ผ
1364
ใ‚‹ใ„ใžใ†
spiraling; continuous increase
706
ใจใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†
voting; poll
1160
ใŸใ„ใป
arrest; apprehension
ใƒชใƒ„
525
ใฎใ†ใ‚Šใค
e๏ฌƒciency
ใœใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
็ฝๅฎณ
ๆณ•ๅพ‹
1737
1200
entirely destroyed by ๏ฌre
167
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅพ‹
1683
pollution
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ฝ
1682
ใŠใ›ใ‚“
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
็„ผ
1681
509
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็Ž‡
1680
1245
ใƒซใ‚ค
้€ฎ
1679
breakthrough; surmounting
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๆŠ•
1678
ใจใฃใฑ
ใ‚ช
็ดฏ
1677
1319
ใƒˆใƒ„
็ช็ ด
| 207
ใ•ใ„ใŒใ„
calamity; disaster
ใƒชใƒ„
566
ใปใ†ใ‚Šใค
the law
874
208 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ†
1684
ๅ†้–‹
็Šฌ
1685
ๆ„›็Šฌ
้‡‘้ญš้‰ข
็ฉๆฅต
็ตถ
1688
็ตถๅฏพ
ๅฐฑ่ท
ๆ…‹
1690
ๆ…‹ๅบฆ
็•™ๅญฆ
ๅˆ
1692
pet dog
171
ใใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใฐใก
gold๏ฌsh bowl
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฏ
1797
ใ›ใฃใใ‚‡ใ
positive
ๆœ€ๅˆ
ใœใฃใŸใ„
absolute; unconditional
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2086
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
taking up a job
attitude; manner
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
17
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใŒใ
studying abroad
ใŠใ†ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
1423
404
๏ฌrst; initial
1114
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆŠผๅŽ
1969
2005
ใŸใ„ใฉ
ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡
1903
1754
ใ‚ทใƒง
ๆŠผ
1693
ใ‚ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“
1815
238
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
็•™
1691
reopening; resumption
ใ‚ผใƒ„
ๅฐฑ
1689
ใ•ใ„ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ฎใƒง
ๆฅต
1687
1769
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
้ญš
1686
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
con๏ฌscation; forfeiture
readings from useful compounds
็ฏ€
1694
ๅญฃ็ฏ€
็ญ–
1695
ๆ”ฟ็ญ–
ๅนธ็ฆ
ๆฌ ็‚น
ๅŽš็”Ÿ
ๅ…‰ๆ „
่‡จๆ™‚
้€†่ปข
happiness
466
ใ‘ใฃใฆใ‚“
defect; negative point
125
ใ“ใ†ใ›ใ„
public welfare
326
ใ“ใ†ใˆใ„
glory; honor
854
ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ˜
special; extraordinary
1959
ใŽใ‚ƒใใฆใ‚“
reversal; turnabout
1093
ใ‚ท
่ฆ–ๅฏŸ
็‰ง
1703
ใ“ใ†ใตใ
ใ‚ฎใƒฃใ‚ฏ
่ฆ–
1702
1505
ใƒชใƒณ
้€†
1701
(government) policy
ใ‚จใ‚ค
่‡จ
1700
ใ›ใ„ใ•ใ
ใ—ใ•ใค
inspection
329
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
็‰งๅธซ
ใผใใ—
1464
948
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ „
1699
season
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
ๅŽš
1698
ใใ›ใค
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆฌ 
1697
2089
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ๅนธ
1696
ใ‚ปใƒ„
| 209
(Protestant) pastor
210 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‚ช
1704
ๆ‚ช้ญ”
ๆ˜“
1705
ๅฎนๆ˜“
ๅง”
1706
ๅง”ๅ“กไผš
ๅคฉไบ•
ๅฅฅ
1708
ๅฅฅใ•ใ‚“
็•ณ
1709
ๅ…ซ็•ณ
็‹ฌๅ 
ๆ”นๆœญๅฃ
1137
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ„
easy; facile
ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
committee
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
44, 1951
ใฆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ceiling
ใ‚ชใ‚ฏ
2132
ใŠใใ•ใ‚“
wife (form of address)
ใฏใกใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใฉใใ›ใ‚“
ใ‹ใ„ใ•ใคใใก
ๅคฑๆ‹
ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ‚“
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ”ใต
1051
1806
928
1784
8 (tatami) mats in size
48
monopoly
212
ticket checking or punching
1748
lovelorn; unrequited love
638
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็œ‹่ญทๅฉฆ
1810
913
ใƒฌใƒณ
็œ‹
1713
ใ‚ค
ใ‚ตใƒ„
ๆ‹
1712
devil
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๆœญ
1711
ใ‚ใใพ
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ 
1710
2108
ใ‚ค
ไบ•
1707
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏ
nurse
| 211
readings from useful compounds
้ฆ™
1714
็ทš้ฆ™
ๅ“ฒ
1715
ๅ“ฒๅญฆ
ๆญ“่ฟŽ
ไธ€้šป
ๆ‹ๅ•“
ๆ‚ฃ่€…
ๅฐŠ้‡
1702
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ’ใ„
welcome
699
ใ„ใฃใ›ใ
one vessel (counter for ships)
1085
ใฏใ„ใ‘ใ„
Dear Sir/Madam: (formal
letter salutation)
604
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚ƒ
a patient
1439
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
1625
ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
esteem; respect
ๅœฐ็„
่–้œŠ
1675
338
ใ‚ดใ‚ฏ
้œŠ
1722
(Western) philosophy
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
็„
1721
ใฆใคใŒใ
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๅฐŠ
้‡
1720
1131
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๆ‚ฃ
1719
incense
911
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ๅ•“
1718
ใ›ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
ใ‚ฒใ‚ค
้šป
1717
2095
ใƒ†ใƒ„
่ฟŽ
1716
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ใ˜ใ”ใ
hell
ใƒฌใ‚ค
2135
ใ›ใ„ใ‚Œใ„
Holy Spirit
1791
212 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅฎด
1723
ๅฎดไผš
ๅญ”
1724
ๅญ”ๅญ
ๆ–น้‡
็™ฝๅขจ
ๆฒˆ้ป™
็ŒŸ
1728
็‹ฉ็ŒŸ
ๅฅด้šท
274
ใปใ†ใ—ใ‚“
course of action; policy
175
ใฏใใผใ
chalk
ใƒใƒณ
1888
ใƒขใ‚ฏ
240
ใกใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ
silence
1940
ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
game hunting
2036
ใฉใ‚Œใ„
slave
1456
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
็Œ›็Šฌ
ๅฐ
ๅˆท
1731
Confucius
ใƒฌใ‚ค
็Œ›
1730
ใ“ใ†ใ—
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
้šท
1729
96
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
ๆฒˆ
้ป™
1727
banquet
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๅขจ
1726
ใˆใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้‡
1725
191
ใ‚จใƒณ
ๅฐๅˆท
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‘ใ‚“
โ€œBeware the Dog!โ€
ใ‚คใƒณ
1425
ใ‚ตใƒ„
1069
ใ„ใ‚“ใ•ใค
printing
readings from useful compounds
ๅฒฉ
็Ÿณ
1732
ๆš–
1733
ๆš–ๆˆฟ
ๅฏ’้ขจ
็Ÿณ็‚ญ
ๆนฟๆฐ—
็ฅž้“
็ขบ
1738
็ขบๅฎŸ
heating
1526
ใ‹ใ‚“ใทใ†
cold wind
771
ใ›ใใŸใ‚“
coal
1788
ใ‚ฑ
410
ใ—ใฃใ‘
humidity
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
334
ใ—ใ‚“ใจใ†
Shinto
ใ‹ใใ˜ใค
ไผๆฅญ
ใใŽใ‚‡ใ†
ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
277
certitude
375
(business) enterprise
843
ใ‚ตใƒณ
่ณ›ๆˆ
1885
567
ใ‚ญ
่ณ›
1740
ใ ใ‚“ใผใ†
113
1949
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ไผ
1739
crags; rocks
ใ‚ทใƒ„
้“
1737
ใŒใ‚“ใ›ใ
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๆนฟ
ๆฐ—
1736
2018, 2196
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็‚ญ
1735
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ใƒ€ใƒณ
ๅฏ’
1734
770
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
ๅฒฉ็Ÿณ
| 213
approval; agreement
214 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅฃฐ
1741
ๅฃฐๆ˜Ž
ๆฌพ
1742
ๅ€Ÿๆฌพ
ๆญปไบก
ๆŒ‡็คบ
ๅŸท
1745
ๅŸท่กŒ
ๅ‡ฆ
1746
ๅ‡ฆๅˆ†
ๆ‰ฟ่ช
ๆ‰€ๅฑž
ๅคง่ก†
็ญ
1750
loan
815
ใ—ใผใ†
death
ใ‚ธ
2023
ใ—ใ˜
indications
ใ‚ทใƒ„
2131
ใ—ใฃใ“ใ†
enforcement; carrying out
ใ—ใ‚‡ใถใ‚“
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“
1901
acknowledgement; recognition
1953
ใ—ใ‚‡ใžใ
attached to; belonging to
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2239
ใŸใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ†
the masses
ใฏใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
1506
taking care of; disposal
1857
1229
ใƒใƒณ
็ญ้•ท
1086
297
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
่ก†
1749
ใ—ใ‚ƒใฃใ‹ใ‚“
1896
1097
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅฑž
1748
declaration; communiqué
ใ‚ทใƒง
ๆ‰ฟ
1747
ใ›ใ„ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ท
็คบ
1744
2109
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆญป
1743
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
squad or section leader
readings from useful compounds
็ฅ‰
1751
ๆŽจ
่–ฆ
1752
ๆŽจ่–ฆ
่ช˜
ๆ‹
1753
่ช˜ๆ‹
ๅณ
็ฟผ
1754
ๅณ็ฟผ
้€ฃ็ถš
ๅ‚พๅ‘
663
ใ‚ปใƒณ
2000
ใ™ใ„ใ›ใ‚“
recommendation
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
916
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
656
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‹ใ„
kidnapping
ใ‚ฆ
1934
ใ†ใ‚ˆใ
ใ‚Œใ‚“ใžใ
ๆป‘่ตฐ่ทฏ
right wing
1345
continuation
1011
ใ‘ใ„ใ“ใ†
tendency; inclination
ใ‚ซใƒ„
423
ใ‹ใฃใใ†ใ‚
ใฏใ‘ใ‚“
1289
384
a runway
1895
ใƒ
่ฆ‡ๆจฉ
78
1798
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
่ฆ‡
1758
ใ‚นใ‚ค
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๆป‘
่ตฐ
1757
(social) welfare
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
ๅ‚พ
1756
ใตใใ—
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
็ถš
1755
1091
ใ‚ท
็ฆ็ฅ‰
| 215
hegemony; championship
216 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ “
1759
ๆถˆ็ซๆ “
่ซพ
1760
ๆ‰ฟ่ซพ
ๆŽ’ๆ–ฅ
็ด ๆ•ต
่ฅฒ
1763
่ฅฒๆ’ƒ
้บ่จ€
ๆŽข
1765
ๆŽขๅต
consent
1138
ใฏใ„ใ›ใ
ostracizing; boycott; exclusion
ใ‚น
1974
ใ™ใฆใ
splendid; swell; neat
่‚ฏๅฎš
ๆบ–ๅ‚™
1532
2025
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ’ใ
raid; assault
ใƒฆใ‚ค
1813
1772
ใ‚ดใƒณ
1599
335
ใ‚†ใ„ใ”ใ‚“
last will and testament
1327
ใŸใ‚“ใฆใ„
detective
374
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆบ–
ๅ‚™
1767
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ ใ
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
่‚ฏ
1766
351
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้บ
่จ€
1764
๏ฌre hydrant
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
็ด 
1762
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ›ใ‚“
ใƒ€ใ‚ฏ
ๆ–ฅ
1761
264
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ใ“ใ†ใฆใ„
a๏ฌƒrmation
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
564
ใƒ“
1183
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใณ
preparations
readings from useful compounds
ไฟฎ
1768
ไฟฎ็†
ๅ†
1769
ๅ†ๆฅๅนด
็ดฐ
1770
่ฉณ็ดฐ
่จ“็ทด
ๅธฐๅ›ฝ
ๅ…ต้šŠ
ๅ‹ไบบ
ใ•ใ‚‰ใ„ใญใ‚“
the year after next
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ„
ใใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“
341
drill; training
1230
returning to oneโ€™s country
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
2105
ใ‚†ใ†ใ˜ใ‚“
็งปๆฐ‘
ใ„ใฟใ‚“
ใ ใจใ†
1331
1306
soldiers; army
704
friend
898
emigrants; immigrants
728
ใƒ€
ๅฆฅๅฝ“
1815
details
ใใ“ใ
ใธใ„ใŸใ„
1722
1363
ใ‚ค
ๅฆฅ
1776
1684
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
็งป
1775
ใ‚ต
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ๅ‹
1774
repairs
ใ‚ญ
ๅ…ต
้šŠ
1773
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Š
ใ‚ฏใƒณ
ๅธฐ
1772
2234
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
่จ“
1771
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
| 217
proper; suitable
218 | remembering the kanji 2
ไปฐ
1777
ไฟกไปฐ
ๅ›š
1778
2149
ใ—ใ‚“ใ“ใ†
faith
ๅ›šไบบ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ˜ใ‚“
prisoner
2004
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
่Šธ่ƒฝ็•Œ
ใ’ใ„ใฎใ†ใ‹ใ„
1701
1018
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่ƒฝ
1779
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
entertainment world
chapter 9
A Potpourri of Readings
The main thing the kanji of this chapter have in common is that they do not ๏ฌt
the previous categories and are a bit too common to leave for the ๏ฌnal chapter.
It is arguable that a few of the compounds might have been included in the last
chapter, and some left for the next. But there is no getting around the fact that
we have come to the point where we must enlist the full assistance of brute
memory.
To make the leftovers a little less formidable, I have cooked up a potpourri
of exemplary compounds that I hope you ๏ฌnd interesting or instructive enough
to hold your attention while you are learning them. In some cases this has
meant choosing an unusual compound; the readings, in any event, are commonly used.
The peculiarly Japanese wooden clogs worn for festive occasions and
occasionally still in everyday use have been assigned characters meaning โ€œbelowโ€ and โ€œpack horse.โ€ The more common reading of the latter
character appears in the second exemplary compound.
ไธ‹
้ง„
1780
ใ‚ฒ
958
1986
ใ‚ฟ
ใƒปใƒ€
ไธ‹้ง„
็„ก้ง„
ใ’ใŸ
ใ‚€ใ 
50
wooden clogs
useless; in vain
The same character ไฝ“ is used to form the words for solid (ๅ›บไฝ“,ใ“ใŸใ„),
gas (ๆฐ—ไฝ“,ใใŸใ„), and liquid.
ๆถฒ
1781
1038
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
ๆถฒไฝ“
ใˆใใŸใ„
liquid
220 | remembering the kanji 2
The Darwinian principle of the survival of the ๏ฌttest comes out in Japanese as โ€œthe weak, the meat; the strong, the eaters.โ€
ๅผฑ
1782
1236
ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๅผฑ่‚‰ๅผท้ฃŸ
ใ˜ใ‚ƒใใซใใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ survival of the ๏ฌttest
Appropriately, the word for smile is drawn in kanji as a โ€œdelicate laugh.โ€
ๅพฎ
็ฌ‘
1783
ๅพฎ็ฌ‘
ใƒ“
889
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
938
ใณใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
smile
A common English expression for a close resemblance is โ€œa spitting
image.โ€ No less odd is the Japanese equivalent, which reads literally โ€œa
cruel remembrance.โ€
ไผผ
1784
1029
ใ‚ธ
้…ทไผผ
ใ“ใใ˜
close resemblance
Though it is a perfect homonym for the Japanese kanji for u. s. a. (็ฑณๅ›ฝ),
this compound means rice.
็ฉ€
1785
917
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
็ฑณ็ฉ€
ในใ„ใ“ใ
rice (as a grain)
The standard reading of the compound in this frame has fallen into disuse in favor of the imported word for โ€œbarley brewโ€: ใƒ“ใƒผใƒซ.
้บฆ
1786
1533
ใƒใ‚ฏ
้บฆ้…’
ใฐใใ—ใ‚…
beer
You will often see public signs strictly prohibiting one thing or another.
They usually contain the following compound.
a potpourri of readings
ๅŽณ
1787
ๅŽณ็ฆ
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
2230
ใ’ใ‚“ใใ‚“
โ€œStrictly Prohibited!โ€
| 221
1936
The term used in chemistry for acids of all sorts is this compound.
้…ธ
1788
1437
ใ‚ตใƒณ
็กซ้…ธ
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ•ใ‚“
sulfuric acid
Like the English word iceberg, which brings together two Norwegian
words meaning โ€œmountain of ice,โ€ the Japanese gives a precise equivalent by using two Chinese characters.
ๆฐท
1789
131
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆฐทๅฑฑ
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ–ใ‚“
iceberg
As you no doubt realized when you ๏ฌrst learned to write the character
for โ€œcourage,โ€ the myth of male supremacy is built into it. Here is the
most common compound in which that character is used.
ๅ‹‡
1790
1407
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๅ‹‡ๆฐ—
ใ‚†ใ†ใ
bravery; โ€œmanhoodโ€
The counter for volumes in a collection of books can use either the Japanese reading (ใพใ, as in ๅทปไธ€) or, more commonly today, the Chinese.
ๅทป
1791
1207
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็ฌฌไธ€ๅทป
ใ ใ„ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ‚“
Vol. 1
The full and proper name for Christmasโ€”long since yielding to the
more popular katakana word ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นโ€”is given here.
้™
1792
1308
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
้™่ช•็ฅญ
ใ“ใ†ใŸใ‚“ใ•ใ„
Christmas
222 | remembering the kanji 2
The long and famous Edo Period, which ran from 1603 until 1867, is also
named after the longest of the shogunates.
ๅพณ
1793
885
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
ๅพณๅทๆ™‚ไปฃ
ใจใใŒใ‚ใ˜ใ ใ„
Tokugawa Period
The common Japanese euphemism for prostitution is โ€œselling spring.โ€ In
fact, the word spring is used in a number of expressions related to the
world of erotic pleasures and favors.
ๆ˜ฅ
1794
1568
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒณ
ๅฃฒๆ˜ฅ
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚“
prostitution
Among the many traditional phrases Japanese has for ladies who โ€œsell
springโ€ (see the frame above) is the following, which literally means
โ€œplaygirl.โ€
้Š
1795
้Šๅฅณ
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
2107
ใ‚†ใ†ใ˜ใ‚‡
harlot
1047
Those who are brought up in strict controls are referred to in Japanese as
having been โ€œkept in a boxโ€ orโ€”as in the following exampleโ€” raised in
a โ€œsecluded inner room.โ€
ๆทฑ
1796
1328
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ๆทฑ็ช“
ใ—ใ‚“ใใ†
strict upbringing
Whereas English thinks in vertical terms to classify something as โ€œtop
secret,โ€ Japanese moves horizontally with the image of a polar extreme.
ๆฅต
1797
1903
ใ‚ดใ‚ฏ
ๆฅต็ง˜
ใ”ใใฒ
of utmost secrecy
a potpourri of readings
| 223
The generic term for aristocracy or peerage is expressed in the following
term.
่ฒด
1798
1771
ใ‚ญ
่ฒดๆ—
ใใžใ
nobility
Like most Western languages, Japanese thinks of innocence and goodness as something โ€œwhite.โ€ Since the white race was alienโ€”even โ€œbarbarianโ€โ€”to the Japanese, โ€œwhiteโ€ was completely devoid of radical connotations.
ๆฝ”
1799
1548
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
ๆฝ”็™ฝ
ใ‘ใฃใฑใ
integrity; innocence
Like the English word โ€œtwang,โ€ the pronunciation of the compound for a
nasal sound almost seems to reinforce the meaning.
้ผป
1800
678
ใƒ“
้ผป้Ÿณ
ใณใŠใ‚“
nasal sound
The Japanese term for a โ€œbreatherโ€ has one literally โ€œresting oneโ€™s
breath.โ€
ๆฏ
1801
610
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ไผ‘ๆฏ
ใใ‚…ใ†ใใ
rest; recess
As is often the case, an opaque English word is perfectly obvious in Japanese. If you meet the English word rayon for the ๏ฌrst time, you need a
dictionary to ๏ฌnd out that it means โ€œarti๏ฌcial silk.โ€ The Japanese is clear
from the ๏ฌrst time one sees it.
็ตน
1802
1368
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ไบบ็ตน
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ‘ใ‚“
rayon
224 | remembering the kanji 2
Here is another example. Until you learned something of Latin etymology, you would have no idea from simply looking at the term hibernation what it might possibly mean. The Japanese is crystal clear, even to a
young child.
ๅ†ฌ
1803
427
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅ†ฌ็œ 
ใจใ†ใฟใ‚“
hibernation
One more example. If you look at the characters of the compound below
before looking at the meaning, you should be able to understand its
meaning precisely, even though you donโ€™t know how to read it. The more
familiar you get with the way Chinese compounds work in Japanese, the
easier you will ๏ฌnd it to read complex material containing terms you
have not learned before and understand it the way the Japanese themselves doโ€”without constantly having to pull out your dictionary.
้ก”
1804
1717
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
็ซฅ้ก”
ใฉใ†ใŒใ‚“
boyish face
The Japanese compound for troglodyte presents still another example
of the transparency of Japanese. The English reader would have to be a
Greek scholar to know from the ๏ฌrst what the word means.
็ฉด
1805
1316
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
็ฉดๅฑ…ไบบ
ใ‘ใฃใใ‚‡ใ˜ใ‚“
troglodyte; cave dweller
The term for attraction means literally โ€œpulling power.โ€
ๅผ•
1806
1232
ใ‚คใƒณ
ๅผ•ๅŠ›
ใ„ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
attraction
The compound in this frame is not one you are likely ever to use in conversation, though you will ๏ฌnd it written occasionally. In typical Japanese fashion, it brings together a number of kanji associated with the
a potpourri of readings
| 225
major rituals of life (coming-of-age, marriage, burial, and ancestral veneration) and arranges them into a single compound.
ๅ† 
่‘ฌ
1807
ๅ† ๅฉš่‘ฌ็ฅญ
ใ‚ซใƒณ
304
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
816
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“ใใ†ใ•ใ„ ceremonial occasions
The sense of excitement is communicated aptly in Japanese by the kanji
you learned for โ€œentertainmentโ€ and โ€œstirred up.โ€
ๅฅฎ
1808
565
ใƒ•ใƒณ
่ˆˆๅฅฎ
ใ“ใ†ใตใ‚“
excitement
Japanese frequently creates generic terms by picking two members of
the class of things that belong to it. An example is the combination of
the characters for โ€œstomachโ€ and โ€œintestinesโ€ to create the term for bowels.
่ƒƒ
1809
29
ใ‚ค
่ƒƒ่…ธ
ใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†
bowels
In the same way that the kanji ๆดป adds a sense of vitality to ๆดปๅ‹• (ใ‹ใคใฉใ†,
activity) and ็”Ÿๆดป (ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใค, life), it also enlivens the kanji for cheerfulness.
ๅฟซ
1810
1642
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๅฟซๆดป
ใ‹ใ„ใ‹ใค
joviality
The very sound of the word shriek conjures up the piercing, shrill cry of
an animal. When Japanese speaks of the sound we humans make when
our voice tightens in fear, it uses the kanji for the cry of a bird in pain.
้ณด
1811
1942
ใƒกใ‚ค
ๆ‚ฒ้ณด
ใฒใ‚ใ„
shriek; scream
226 | remembering the kanji 2
Japanese often combines kanji of nearly the same meaning to produce a
compound word of greater force. For example, โ€œbendingโ€ and โ€œfoldingโ€
join to create crookedness.
ๆ›ฒ
1812
1172
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฏ
ๆ›ฒๆŠ˜
ใใ‚‡ใใ›ใค
crookedness
A compound can also reflect the various stages of a process that are
hidden in the English term. For instance, the word gleanings involves a
โ€œpicking upโ€ and โ€œpassing on.โ€
ๆ‹พ
1813
ๆ‹พ้บ
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2081
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ„
gleanings
667
Like the word abnormal, the Japanese compound in this frame is ambiguousโ€”used for praise, pity, and criticism.
็•ฐ
1814
1797
ใ‚ค
็•ฐๅธธ
ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
abnormal; exceptional
In the same way that the English word discriminating can indicate a vice
or a virtue, depending on its context, the Japanese term in this frame
carries both meanings as well (though the former is the more common
nowadays).
ๅทฎ
1815
554
ใ‚ต
ๅทฎๅˆฅ
ใ•ในใค
discrimination
The compound in this frame is composed of two nouns, the ๏ฌrst modifying the second. This procedure, which is common also in English, was
inherited from the Chinese.
ๅฅฝ
1816
99
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅฅฝ่ฉ•
ใ“ใ†ใฒใ‚‡ใ†
favorable criticism
a potpourri of readings
| 227
Another example of the same sort combines two kanji meaning โ€œtoo
muchโ€ and โ€œspare timeโ€ to create a term for leisure.
ๆš‡
1817
1882
ใ‚ซ
ไฝ™ๆš‡
leisure
ใ‚ˆใ‹
Although modern Japanese writes the names of most countries outside
the โ€œkanji beltโ€ with katakana, it is still common to see abbreviations
of the older names, especially in newspaper headlines. This frame gives
two of them.
ๆณฐ
ไบœ
1818
ๆณฐๅ›ฝ
ๆฑไบœ
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
1570
ใ‚ข
1809
ใŸใ„ใ“ใ
ใจใ†ใ‚
Thailand
East Asia
The two kanji in the compound shown below were learned in vol. 1 as
signifying respectively โ€œartisanโ€ and โ€œexpert.โ€ Together they combine to
mean one who has attained a high level of skill in a particular trade and
has consequently become a teacher of it.
ๅธซ
ๅŒ 
1819
ๅธซๅŒ 
ใ‚ท
1269
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1693
ใ—ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
master-teacher
Literally the expression in this frame refers to โ€œbuilding a roof atop a
roof.โ€
ๅฑ‹
1820
1058
ใ‚ชใ‚ฏ
ๅฑ‹ไธŠๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆžถใ™ใ‚‹
ใŠใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใŠใใ‚’ใ‹ใ™ใ‚‹
5th wheel
There are any number of Chinese characters that have come to be used
on their own, without combining to form a compound. No attempt has
been made to single these out in the course of this book, since they are
228 | remembering the kanji 2
better learned through direct experience of the language. One of them, a
very common one, appears in this frame.
่พบ
1821
284
ใƒ˜ใƒณ
่พบ
ใธใ‚“
environs; neighborhood
As we noted earlier in frame 1238, Japanese likes to link the names of
two places by taking one character from each and forming a new compound. Sometimes this involves putting an on-yomi where the original
names use a kun-yomi, or sometimes an on-yomi. The following example
shows both of these procedures at work.
ไบฌ
ๆตœ
1822
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
938
1332
ใƒ’ใƒณ
ไบฌๆตœ็ทš
ใ‘ใ„ใฒใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
312
Tokyo-Yokohama (railway) Line
Another example of the same usage links the names ้’ๆฃฎ (ใ‚ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚Š) and
ๅ‡ฝ้คจ (ใฏใ“ใ ใฆ) to identify the tunnel that links the two cities.
ๅ‡ฝ
1823
1902
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้’ๅ‡ฝ
ใ›ใ„ใ‹ใ‚“
Aomori-Hakodate (Tunnel)
The everyday Japanese expression for the conjunction in any case or
anyhow has been assigned kanji that mean literally โ€œhorns on the rabbit.โ€
The word for โ€œrabbitโ€ appeared in a note to frame 1972 of vol. 1.
่ง’
1824
1812
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ๅ…Žใซ่ง’
ใจใซใ‹ใ
in any case; anyhow
For festive occasions the Japanese serve a steamed glutinous rice with
red beans.
่ตค
1825
่ตค้ฃฏ
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
2113
ใ›ใใฏใ‚“
rice with red beans
1743
a potpourri of readings
| 229
English refers to the two halves of a game as โ€œ๏ฌrstโ€ and โ€œsecond,โ€ but Japanese speaks of โ€œbeforeโ€ and โ€œafter.โ€
ๅพŒ
1826
1379
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅพŒๅŠ
ใ“ใ†ใฏใ‚“
the second half
The opposite of pessimism (see frame 1430) is given here. The last two
characters, incidentally, are the usual way of denoting an โ€œism.โ€
ๆฅฝ
1827
ใƒฉใ‚ฏ
ๆฅฝ่ฆณไธป็พฉ
ใ‚‰ใฃใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใŽ
981
1735
optimism
While we are at it, let us learn the terms for two more โ€œismsโ€ in Japanese.
ๅฎœ
ไบซ
1828
ไพฟๅฎœไธป็พฉ
ไบซๆฅฝไธป็พฉ
ใ‚ฎ
1783
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
308
ในใ‚“ใŽใ—ใ‚…ใŽ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‰ใใ—ใ‚…ใŽ
opportunism
hedonism
Another way of describing an โ€œismโ€ is with the su๏ฌƒx ่ซ– , which carries
the particular connotation of an intellectual system of thought. Here is
an example of that usage.
ๅ”ฏ
1829
ๅ”ฏ็‰ฉ่ซ–
ใƒฆใ‚ค
2164
ใ‚†ใ„ใถใคใ‚ใ‚“
materialism
556
Like the English term wake, the Japanese carries the sense of staying up
through the night.
้€š
ๅคœ
1830
1408
ใƒ„
้€šๅคœ
ใƒค
920
ใคใ‚„
wake; vigil
1037
230 | remembering the kanji 2
Here we learn the name for the famous Japanese sword, world-renowned
for its strength and precise craftsmanship.
ๅˆ€
1831
83
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๆ—ฅๆœฌๅˆ€
ใซใปใ‚“ใจใ†
Japanese sword
Standing alongside a ๏ฌ‚owing river one day, it occurred to Confuciusโ€”as
it had to his Greek contemporary, Heraclitusโ€”that such was the state of
all things: in constant ๏ฌ‚ux, never stopping. This is captured in the following phrase, literally meaning โ€œthe cry of the river.โ€
ๅท
ๅ˜†
1832
ๅทไธŠใฎๅ˜†
ใ‚ปใƒณ
127
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
1579
ใ›ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใฎใŸใ‚“ โ€œAll things are in ๏ฌ‚ux.โ€
English refers to an over-avid devotee as a โ€œfanaticโ€ (literally, one possessed of a temple god or demon) or, more colloquially, as a โ€œfreak.โ€ Here
is an example of how Japanese achieves the same e๏ฌ€ect.
่ชญ
็‹‚
1833
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏ
1105, 2205
260
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ชญๆ›ธ็‹‚
ใฉใใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚‡ใ†
348
book freak; bookworm
While Mark Anthony was content to ask for the ears of his audience,
Japanese asks for their eyes as well.
่€ณ
1834
818
ใ‚ธ
่€ณ็›ฎ
ใ˜ใ‚‚ใ
oneโ€™s attention
The common term for in a hurry puts together two characters of similar
meaning, a familiar device in Japanese.
ๆ—ฉ
1835
ๆ—ฉ้€Ÿ
ใ‚ตใƒ„
1836
ใ•ใฃใใ
in a hurry; at once
26
a potpourri of readings
| 231
Now watch this! The repetition of two primitive-related characters takes
the same meaning, except that one is for more general use and the other
for a โ€œquickโ€ closing to a letter.
ๆ—ฉ
่‰
1836
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
1835
224
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆ—ฉใ€…
่‰ใ€…
ใใ†ใใ†
ใใ†ใใ†
26
in a hurry; rushed
โ€œHurriedly yours, โ€ฆโ€
Japanese refer to someone who doesnโ€™t drinkโ€”or drinks very littleโ€”as
being โ€œunder the door.โ€ The tippler, logically ernough, becomes โ€œover the
door.โ€
ๆˆธ
1837
1076
ใ‚ณ
ไธ‹ๆˆธ
ไธŠๆˆธ
ใ’ใ“
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ”
teetotaler
tippler
The Japanese write the kanji for swan as simple โ€œwhite bird.โ€
้ณฅ
1838
1941
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
็™ฝ้ณฅ
ใฏใใกใ‚‡ใ†
swan
The fall colors, to the Japanese, are either โ€œred leavesโ€ (more common) or
โ€œyellow leaves.โ€ The pronunciation is the same.
้ป„
่‘‰
1839
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
402
228
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
้ป„่‘‰
ใ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
1750
fall colors
232 | remembering the kanji 2
The Japanese word for a fool brings together the kanji for a horse and a
deer (the latter being an abbreviated form of the kun-yomi). The word is
apparently of Sanskrit origin; the assigning of the kanji was later.
้ฆฌ
1840
้ฆฌ้นฟ
ใƒ
2221
ใฐใ‹
fool
1978
The order that English uses for expressing things in pairs is often
reversed in Japanese. For instance, we say โ€œfood and drink,โ€ but Japanese
says:
้ฃฒ
1841
1474
ใ‚คใƒณ
้ฃฒ้ฃŸ
ใ„ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
food and drink
Or again, we say โ€œnorth and south,โ€ but Japanese says:
ๅ—
1842
ๅ—ๅŒ—
ใƒŠใƒณ
2235
ใชใ‚“ใผใ
north and south
1613
The Buddhist monk who wanders homelessly in search of the truth is
likened to the โ€œcloudsโ€ and โ€œwaterโ€ that move ceaselessly.
้›ฒ
1843
423
ใ‚ฆใƒณ
้›ฒๆฐด
ใ†ใ‚“ใ™ใ„
novice (Zen) monk
The character่‡ชcan be used as a pre๏ฌx to indicate either the sense of the
English pre๏ฌx โ€œauto-โ€ or to refer to โ€œoneself.โ€ An example of the former
was seen earlier (frame 1005). Here we see the latter usage.
็‚Š
1844
468
ใ‚นใ‚ค
่‡ช็‚Š
ใ˜ใ™ใ„
๏ฌxing oneโ€™s own meal
a potpourri of readings
| 233
We sometimes meet Japanese words that can only be used with negative
endings, even though the meaning in English is entirely positive.
ๅฆ‚
1845
ๅฆ‚ๆ‰
ใ‚ธใƒง
2237
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ•ใ„
slick; smooth
100
The terms for high (and low) blood pressure are constructed exactly as
in English.
่ก€
1846
1448
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
้ซ˜่ก€ๅœง
ใ“ใ†ใ‘ใคใ‚ใค
high blood pressure
The character ็พฉ is used commonly in Japanese as a pre๏ฌx to indicate inlaws. A similar, curious usage appears in this frame.
ๆญฏ
1847
1171
ใ‚ท
็พฉๆญฏ
ใŽใ—
false tooth
The idea of falling into oneโ€™s own trap is expressed in Japanese as โ€œtying
oneself up with oneโ€™s own rope.โ€
็ธ„
1848
1377
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
่‡ช็ธ„่‡ช็ธ›
ใ˜ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใฐใ
falling into oneโ€™s own trap
This frame should give you an idea how helpful the signal primitives can
be. The second kanji in the exemplary compound will be new to you, but
you should be able to guess its reading from what you learned earlier
(frames 704โ€“706).
่ฆš
1849
325
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
่ฆš้†’ๅ‰ค
ใ‹ใใ›ใ„ใ–ใ„
stimulants; narcotics
234 | remembering the kanji 2
The Roman Catholic ponti๏ฌ€ is known in Japanese as the โ€œking of the
law,โ€ a word once used for retired emperors with Buddhist names. Japanese Catholics prefer to call him the โ€œteaching emperorโ€ (ๆ•™็š‡).
ๆณ•
1850
ๆณ•็Ž‹
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
1106, 2134, 2241
ใปใ†ใŠใ†
the pope
751
The Japanese phrase for a slowdown strike is closer to the British term
โ€œwork-to-rule.โ€ The full word for strike is ใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ญ, but it is commonly
abbreviated to its ๏ฌrst two syllables.
้ †
1851
129
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
้ †ๆณ•
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใฝใ†
a slowdown strike
Japanese also has a word for a walkout strike:
็ฝท
1852
2032
ใƒ’
็ฝทๆฅญ
ใฒใŽใ‚‡ใ†
walkout; strike
The names you see on Japanese tombstones commonly end with the
character for family, the custom being for a family to share a grave site.
The Chinese reading of the kanji di๏ฌ€ers from that already learned.
ๅฎถ
1853
็ฆ็”ฐๅฎถ
ใ‚ฑ
281
ใตใใ ใ‘
the Fukuda family
541
Where English speaks of getting โ€œo๏ฌ€ the ground,โ€ Japanese speaks of
โ€œgetting on the tracks.โ€
่ปŒ
1854
288
ใ‚ญ
่ปŒ้“ใซไน—ใ‚‹ ใใฉใ†ใซใฎใ‚‹
getting started; inaugurating
a potpourri of readings
| 235
The piracy which has moved from the seas into the world of illegal copies and clones has made the same linguistic shift in Japanese.
่ณŠ
1855
357
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
ๆตท่ณŠ็‰ˆ
ใ‹ใ„ใžใใฐใ‚“
pirated edition
The Japanese term in this frame is a nearly literal rendering of the French
phrase raison dโ€™être, which has found its way into English.
ๅญ˜
1856
ๅญ˜ๅœจ็†็”ฑ
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
578
ใใ‚“ใ–ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚†ใ†
raison dโ€™être
684
The first two kanji of the compound below mean โ€œempressโ€ and the
last two are a term of respect. The term is reserved for the wife of the
emperor of Japan.
ๅŽ
้™›
1857
็š‡ๅŽ้™›ไธ‹
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1861
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
1310
ใ“ใ†ใ”ใ†ใธใ„ใ‹
Her Highness the Empress
The Japanese equivalent of our Christmas cards are the postcards bearing New Yearโ€™s greetings, all of which are supposed to be delivered on
January 1st.
็Šถ
1858
239
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ณ€็Šถ
ใŒใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
New Yearโ€™s card
Because the abbreviated character for โ€œhappinessโ€ is written in the form
of three ไธƒโ€™s (่ˆœ), the Japanese call the 77th birthday the โ€œrejoicing age.โ€
ๅ–œ
ๅฏฟ
1859
ๅ–œๅฏฟ
ใ‚ญ
1445
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
1565
ใใ˜ใ‚…
oneโ€™s 77th birthday
236 | remembering the kanji 2
Notice how Japanese uses an image nearly identical to the English in the
following compound.
่ƒŒ
1860
446
ใƒใ‚ค
่ƒŒๆ™ฏ
ใฏใ„ใ‘ใ„
background; backdrop
Although the Japanese now refer to their famous high-speed โ€œbullet
trainโ€ as the โ€œnew trunk lineโ€ (see frame 1269), the English term had its
origin in a precise Japanese equivalent, given here.
ๅผพ
ไธธ
1861
ๅผพไธธๅˆ—่ปŠ
ใƒ€ใƒณ
1931
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
44
ใ ใ‚“ใŒใ‚“ใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
bullet train
Paddy ๏ฌelds under water are called simply:
็”ฐ
1862
14
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
ๆฐด็”ฐ
ใ™ใ„ใงใ‚“
rice-paddy ๏ฌelds
All-absorbing enthusiasm is expressed in Japanese as an โ€œinterest
anchoring in every port.โ€
ๆดฅ
1863
328
ใ‚ทใƒณ
่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆดฅใ€…
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฟใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
bubbling with enthusiasm
Like the English word contact, the Japanese equivalent connotes a sense
of touching directly.
่งฆ
1864
1813
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ๆŽฅ่งฆ
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ
contact
We express the idea of rising in the morning in terms of โ€œgetting upโ€ or
โ€œturning out,โ€ but for the Japanese who sleep on the ๏ฌ‚oor, the equivalent
term is โ€œrising from the ๏ฌ‚oor.โ€
a potpourri of readings
ๅบŠ
1865
592
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ตทๅบŠ
ใใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
| 237
getting out of bed; rising
The Japanese term for a roll call is a โ€œpoint call.โ€
ๅ‘ผ
1866
1485
ใ‚ณ
็‚นๅ‘ผ
ใฆใ‚“ใ“
roll call
One of the ways Japanese expresses the su๏ฌƒx โ€œ-ableโ€ is by the use of the
kanji for โ€œpower,โ€ as we see in the following example.
ๆตฎ
1867
730
ใƒ•
ๆตฎๅŠ›
ใตใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
buoyancy
In the same way that the etymology of the English word excellent suggests something that rises above the rest of the pack, the Japanese compound in this frame suggests something that โ€œexcelsโ€ by โ€œdeviatingโ€ from
the norm.
็ง€
้€ธ
1868
914
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1973
ใ‚คใƒ„
็ง€้€ธ
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ„ใค
excellent
โ€œPrecious stonesโ€ become โ€œtreasured stonesโ€ in Japanese.
ๅฎ
1869
257
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ๅฎ็Ÿณ
ใปใ†ใ›ใ
precious stones
Here is another example of a compound whose meaning you can decipher by recalling the key-word meanings assigned the kanji in vol. 1.
ๅจ
1870
364
ใ‚ค
ๅจๅœง็š„
ใ„ใ‚ใคใฆใ
overpowering
238 | remembering the kanji 2
In English, children have to learn where cotton comes from; in Japanese,
it is clear from the kanji.
็ถฟ
1871
1367
ใƒกใƒณ
็ถฟ่Šฑ
ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‹
raw cotton
The colorful Japanese phrase for giving oneโ€™s seal of approval has one
โ€œbanging out oneโ€™s judgment on a drum.โ€
้ผ“
1872
1444
ใ‚ณ
ๅคช้ผ“ๅˆค
ใŸใ„ใ“ใฐใ‚“
seal of approval
The two compounds in this frame o๏ฌ€er a typical example of what a big
di๏ฌ€erence the long vowel can make in Japanese: a slight slip of the vocal
cords and a handshake turns into a foul smell.
ๆก
่‡ญ
1873
1059
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏ
122
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆกๆ‰‹
ๆ‚ช่‡ญ
ใ‚ใใ—ใ‚…
ใ‚ใใ—ใ‚…ใ†
handshake
stench; bad odor
At Japanese funeral services there is often a public reading of a number
of telegrams of condolence, which it is the custom to send in Japan on
such occasions if one cannot be present.
ๅผ”
1874
1233
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅผ”้›ป
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใงใ‚“
telegram of condolence
Japanese ๏ฌre alarms were traditionally described as a โ€œhalf bell.โ€
้˜
1875
438
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅŠ้˜
ใฏใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
๏ฌre alarm; alarm bell
| 239
a potpourri of readings
The Japanese expression for a skyscraper takes over the English image
precisely.
ๆฅผ
1876
930
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
ๆ‘ฉๅคฉๆฅผ
ใพใฆใ‚“ใ‚ใ†
skyscraper
The title of โ€œprofessor emeritusโ€ in Japan bestows a โ€œname of repute.โ€
่ช‰
1877
1939
ใƒจ
ๅ่ช‰ๆ•™ๆŽˆ
ใ‚ใ„ใ‚ˆใใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚…
professor emeritus
The compound in this frame is a good example of how the same term
can be used for exactly opposite meanings.
ๅ‚‘
1878
999
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
ๅ‚‘ไฝœ
ใ‘ใฃใ•ใ
masterpiece; gross blunder
You will often see the following sign on a small clinic. Here again, the
meaning should be obvious even before you learn how to pronounce it.
็ฃ
1879
1933
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ฃๅŒป
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ„
veterinarian
Like English, Japanese uses the craft of tempering metals as a metaphor
for spiritual and physical disciplines as well.
้›
1880
1860
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
้›้Œฌ
ใŸใ‚“ใ‚Œใ‚“
temper; discipline
The character ๆœช is frequently used in Japanese as a negative pre๏ฌx close
to the English โ€œun-โ€ but often carrying the additional sense of โ€œnot yet.โ€
้‚
1881
540
ใ‚นใ‚ค
่‡ชๆฎบๆœช้‚
ใ˜ใ•ใคใฟใ™ใ„
attempted suicide
240 | remembering the kanji 2
The Japanese term for something of an ashen color comes out as โ€œashwhite.โ€
็ฐ
1882
168
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
็ฐ็™ฝ่‰ฒ
ใ‹ใ„ใฏใใ—ใ‚‡ใ
ashen colored
One of the expressions Japanese has for going on a spree or โ€œpainting the
town redโ€ is โ€œpowerful play.โ€
่ฑช
1883
543
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
่ฑช้Š
ใ”ใ†ใ‚†ใ†
merrymaking; a spree
The Japanese expression for a wind-bell is almost an onomatopoeia:
fuuuuu for the wind and rinnnnn for the tinkle of the bell.
้ˆด
1884
้ขจ้ˆด
ใƒชใƒณ
688
ใตใ†ใ‚Šใ‚“
wind-bell
1406
Japanese abounds in reduplicated sounds, a number of which we have
met already. Here are four more, beginning with the word for butter๏ฌ‚y.
่ถ
1885
521
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ถใ€…ๅฉฆไบบ
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใตใ˜ใ‚“
Madame Butter๏ฌ‚y
Next, a word denoting tardiness or procrastination.
้…
1886
1067
ใƒ
้…ใ€…
ใกใก
late; slow
Taking a mishap with quiet reserveโ€”or โ€œphilosophicallyโ€ as the English
idiom goesโ€”is expressed in Japanese by reduplicating the character for
โ€œfaint.โ€
a potpourri of readings
ๆทก
1887
164
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๆทกใ€…
ใŸใ‚“ใŸใ‚“
| 241
even-tempered
And ๏ฌnally, a curious phrase for meticulous attention, meaning literally
โ€œgrain-by-grain.โ€
็ฒ’
1888
922
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ฒ’ใ€…
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†
assiduously
The โ€œvoicingโ€ of a kana syllable which Japanese indicates by two small
lines is referred to as the โ€œmuddyingโ€ of a sound.
ๆฟ
1889
835
ใƒ€ใ‚ฏ
ๆฟ้Ÿณ
ใ ใใŠใ‚“
voiced sound
Japanโ€™s version of the limerickโ€”a short, witty poemโ€”is called a โ€œriver
willowโ€ and comprises three verses of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
ๆŸณ
1890
1421
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅทๆŸณ
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†
satirical poem
Although the baseball world has taken over numerous American terms,
after adjusting them to suit Japanese tastes and sounds, there are still
several expressions that retain their older form. Here is one of them.
ๅก
1891
1734
ใƒซใ‚ค
็›—ๅก
ใจใ†ใ‚‹ใ„
stolen base
Combining the characters for an โ€œold manโ€ and โ€œdecayedโ€ gives us a suitable compound for decrepit.
ๆœฝ
1892
1243
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
่€ๆœฝ
ใ‚ใ†ใใ‚…ใ†
decrepit
242 | remembering the kanji 2
Not unlike the English expression โ€œSpit it out!โ€ is the Japanese expression for speaking oneโ€™s mind.
ๅ
1893
151
ใƒˆ
ๅ้œฒ
ใจใ‚
speaking oneโ€™s mind
If you look at the carton of milk on your breakfast table, you will probably ๏ฌnd the following compound written on it some where, perhaps giving you a better idea of what pasteurization means than you had before.
่Œ
1894
918
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๆฎบ่Œ
ใ•ใฃใใ‚“
pasteurization; sterilization
This character is generally used all on its own and refers to the deep
blue that you see in so many of the traditional blue-and-white Japanese
fabric designs.
็ดบ
1895
1758
ใ‚ณใƒณ
็ดซ็ดบ
ใ—ใ“ใ‚“
navy blue
Oddly, the Japanese refer to a lightning bolt as โ€œfalling thunder.โ€
้›ท
1896
425
ใƒฉใ‚ค
่ฝ้›ท
ใ‚‰ใใ‚‰ใ„
bolt of lightning
Since we have already learned most of the set, let us complete the listing
of the ๏ฌrst four of the old calendar signs still used to enumerate things.
็”ฒ
1897
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
็”ฒไน™ไธ™ไธ
2129
ใ“ใ†ใŠใคใธใ„ใฆใ„
1113
a, b, c, d
The Old West spoke of โ€œroping the herd with one throw,โ€ while the Japanese speak of โ€œcatching something with one cast of the net.โ€
a potpourri of readings
ๅฐฝ
1898
1071
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ไธ€็ถฒๆ‰“ๅฐฝ
ใ„ใกใ‚‚ใ†ใ ใ˜ใ‚“
| 243
catching all at once
While English speaks of โ€œmanual laborโ€ (as distinct from โ€œclerical
laborโ€), Japanese speaks of โ€œmuscle labor.โ€
็ญ‹
1899
941
ใ‚ญใƒณ
็ญ‹่‚‰ๅŠดๅƒ
ใใ‚“ใซใใ‚ใ†ใฉใ†
manual labor
Like the straw that breaks the camelโ€™s back or the spark that sets o๏ฌ€ a
๏ฌre, here is an explosion ticked o๏ฌ€ by a single brush of the hand.
ๅณ
1900
1462
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ไธ€่งฆๅณ็™บ
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใใใใฏใค
explosive situation
A colorful expression for โ€œranking favorably withโ€ someone has one
โ€œstanding up to the shoulders of โ€ that person.
่‚ฉ
1901
1077
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๆฏ”่‚ฉ
ใฒใ‘ใ‚“
rank with
Christian scriptural imagery has given us the expression โ€œto sweat
blood.โ€ Japanese has an equally graphic image: โ€œcrying blood.โ€
ๆถ™
1902
1082
ใƒซใ‚ค
่ก€ๆถ™
ใ‘ใคใ‚‹ใ„
bitter tears
Japanese is more direct than the English when it comes to โ€œhenpecking.โ€
Note how the word for โ€œhouseโ€ is often used to refer to an individual.
ๆ
ๅฆป
1903
613
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
1889
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๆๅฆปๅฎถ
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ•ใ„ใ‹
henpecked husband
244 | remembering the kanji 2
In place of the three large golden balls that mark the pawn shops of the
West, Japan uses a kanji in a circle, the full compound for which is given
here. (Note that the second character uses a Japanese reading.)
่ณช
1904
่ณชๅฑ‹
ใ‚ทใƒ
1037, 2204
ใ—ใกใ‚„
pawnshop
1137
The character featured in this frame is often used as a pre๏ฌx to carry the
sense of the English su๏ฌƒx โ€œ-resistant.โ€
่€
1905
1164
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
่€ๆฐด
ใŸใ„ใ™ใ„
water-resistant
By making use of an outdated word for plagiarism, Japanese has the following phrase for adapting something to new use: stealing the matrix
and changing the bones.
ๅฅช
1906
566
ใƒ€ใƒ„
ๆ›้ชจๅฅช่ƒŽ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ“ใคใ ใฃใŸใ„
recasting; remodeling
In English we speak of something that is deep black as โ€œjet black,โ€ a term
that takes its name from the hard lignite called โ€œjet.โ€ Japanese uses the
idiom โ€œlacquer black.โ€
ๆผ†
1907
932
ใ‚ทใƒ„
ๆผ†้ป’
ใ—ใฃใ“ใ
deep black
Japanese distinguishes between rice plants: those that grow in dry ๏ฌelds
from those that grow in cultivated paddies.
็จฒ
1908
910
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๆฐด็จฒ
ใ™ใ„ใจใ†
rice plant in a paddy
a potpourri of readings
| 245
Traditional Japanese cookery reckons ๏ฌve basic tastes, captured here in
an uncommon compound. The ๏ฌrst two characters give us โ€œsweet-andsourโ€; the second and third characters refer metaphorically to the โ€œbitter-and-sourโ€ disappointments of life. (The last character, by the way, is
rare.)
็”˜
่พ›
1909
ใ‚ซใƒณ
1757
ใ‚ทใƒณ
1496
็”˜้…ธ่พ›่‹ฆ้นน ใ‹ใ‚“ใ•ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใใ‹ใ‚“ sweet, sour, hot, bitter,
salty
Though often a monotonous-sounding language to the untrained ear,
Japanese has de๏ฌnite cadences important to the language. Naturally, it
also has a word for it.
ๆŠ‘
1910
1700
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
ๆŠ‘ๆš
ใ‚ˆใใ‚ˆใ†
intonation; accent
Instead of short circuits, Japanese think of electrical lines โ€œleakingโ€ the
same way water pipes do.
ๆผ
1911
1068
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
ๆผ้›ป
ใ‚ใ†ใงใ‚“
short circuit
Most of us are used to thinking of the seven stars of the constellation
Ursus Major not as the bear the ancients imagined but as a โ€œBig Dipper.โ€
Japanese agrees.
ๆ–—
1912
1177
ใƒˆ
ๅŒ—ๆ–—ไธƒๆ˜Ÿ
ใปใใจใ—ใกใ›ใ„
the Big Dipper
The character featured in this frame refers to a part of town (in particular, the old โ€œlicensed quartersโ€). That it should be linked with the char-
246 | remembering the kanji 2
acter for โ€œpublicโ€ to create the word for the cuckoo bird is due to the fact
that the pronunciation of the compound is thought to approximate the
sound that the bird makes, as is the English name.
้ƒญ
1913
1842
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
้ƒญๅ…ฌ
ใ‹ใฃใ“ใ†
cuckoo bird
โ€œCloak and daggerโ€ intrigue is depicted in Japanese as a ghost hiding in
the gall bladder (the seat of courage).
้ญ‚
1914
2021
ใ‚ณใƒณ
้ญ‚่ƒ†
ใ“ใ‚“ใŸใ‚“
underhanded scheme
Note the colorful term Japanese use for the ovary.
ๅต
ๅทฃ
1915
ๅตๅทฃ
ใƒฉใƒณ
1422
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
1927
ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใใ†
ovary
One of the most di๏ฌƒcult Japanese words to translate is the single kanji
given in this frame. It combines the senses of fate, providence, and โ€œkarmic a๏ฌƒnity.โ€
็ธ
1916
1372
ใ‚จใƒณ
็ธ
ใˆใ‚“
a๏ฌƒnity; predestined connection
We speak of people who โ€œeat like a horseโ€ or โ€œdrink like a ๏ฌsh.โ€ Japanese
unites the two idioms, substituting โ€œwhaleโ€ for โ€œ๏ฌsh.โ€
้ฏจ
1917
315
ใ‚ฒใ‚ค
้ฏจ้ฃฒ้ฆฌ้ฃŸ
ใ’ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใฐใ—ใ‚‡ใ
making a pig of oneself
| 247
a potpourri of readings
A showdown is often described in English as โ€œseparating the men from
the boys.โ€ Japanese gives its own twist in a similar idiom.
้›„
1918
743
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
้›Œ้›„ใ‚’ๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚’ใ‘ใฃใ™ใ‚‹
have a showdown
To be โ€œbig onโ€ something or โ€œintoxicated withโ€ it is described in Japanese
as being โ€œpot drunk.โ€ We shall take the occasion to learn the word for
pottery.
้™ถ
ๅ™จ
1919
1966
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
121
ใ‚ญ
้™ถๅ™จ
้™ถ้…”
ใจใ†ใ
ใจใ†ใ™ใ„
pottery
fascination
In sumล bouts and other sporting tournaments a special award is often
presented to the athlete who shows the most โ€œ๏ฌghting spirit.โ€ Here is the
compound that is used.
ๆ•ข
1920
826
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆ•ข้—˜่ณž
ใ‹ใ‚“ใจใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
award for ๏ฌghting spirit
Doubts that โ€œgnawโ€ at us on the inside are depicted in Japanese as devils
working their dark arts in oneโ€™s heart.
้ฌผ
1921
2019
ใ‚ญ
็–‘ๅฟƒๆš—้ฌผ
ใŽใ—ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚“ใ
gnawing doubt
The โ€œjaws of deathโ€ become the โ€œtigerโ€™s mouthโ€ in Japanese.
่™Ž
1922
1990
ใ‚ณ
่™Žๅฃ
ใ“ใ“ใ†
the jaws of death
248 | remembering the kanji 2
The following compound combines wind and lightning to create an
image of extraordinary speed.
็–พ
1923
1686
ใ‚ทใƒ„
็–พ้ขจ่ฟ…้›ท็š„
ใ—ใฃใทใ†ใ˜ใ‚“ใ‚‰ใ„ใฆใ lightning fast
The watch stem is slowly fading from everyday life, as is this colorful
word for it.
็ซœ
1924
536
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ซœ้ ญ
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใš
watch stem
Although the kanji suggest someone serving as a mediator by serving
drinks, the actual meaning is quite di๏ฌ€erent.
้…Œ
1925
1429
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๅช’้…Œ็ตๅฉš
ใฐใ„ใ—ใ‚ƒใใ‘ใฃใ“ใ‚“
arranged marriage
Japanese expresses the idea of โ€œrunning here, there, and everywhereโ€ by
characters meaning โ€œrunning east, ๏ฌ‚eeing west.โ€
ๅฅ”
1926
1196
ใƒ›ใƒณ
ๆฑๅฅ”่ฅฟ่ตฐ
ใจใ†ใปใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใใ†
run helter-skelter
Japanese depicts a shining example of something as a โ€œturtle pattern.โ€
The image comes from the fact that the character for โ€œturtleโ€ once
referred to a kind of tool used for making o๏ฌƒcial seals.
ไบ€
1927
534
ใ‚ญ
ไบ€้‘‘
ใใ‹ใ‚“
paradigm; shining example
a potpourri of readings
| 249
The lights that English likens to the opening of a ๏ฌ‚ower, Japanese likens
to the glow of a lightning bug.
่›
1928
518
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
่›ๅ…‰้›ป็ฏ
ใ‘ใ„ใ“ใ†ใงใ‚“ใจใ†
๏ฌ‚uorescent light bulb
The darkish, brown tea you are often served at Chinese restaurants in
Japan, as throughout the Orient, comes from Taiwan, where it got its
name as โ€œcrow and dragon tea.โ€ In order to give a โ€œChineseโ€ ๏ฌ‚avor to the
sound, the on-yomi for โ€œcrowโ€ is lengthened and that for โ€œdragonโ€ given a
reading approximating the original.
็ƒ
1929
1944
ใ‚ฆ
็ƒ็ซœ่Œถ
ใ†ใƒผใ‚ใ‚“ใกใ‚ƒ
dark Chinese (oolong) tea
The โ€œfaceโ€ that Orientals are said to want to save and to avoid losing is
written in Japanese like this.
็›ฎ
1930
้ข็›ฎ
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
1129
ใ‚ใ‚“ใผใ
face; honor
15
Japanese contrasts temperaments that are cheerful and bright with those
that are dark and gloomy by using kanji that the Chinese used to distinguish light from darkness, sun from shade. These are none other than
the words popularly known in the West as yang and yin respectively.
้™ฐ
1931
1592
ใ‚คใƒณ
้™ฝๆฐ—
้™ฐๆฐ—
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ
ใ„ใ‚“ใ
cheerful
gloomy
The ages of 25, 42, and 62 for men, and 19, 33, and 37 for women have
traditionally been regarded as bad-luck years in Japan. Though not all
the numbers are remembered by people today, no one is likely to forget
42, and no woman 33, especially as those years draw close. (Note that the
second character is read with its kun-yomi.)
250 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅŽ„
1932
1415
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
ๅŽ„ๅนด
ใ‚„ใใฉใ—
bad-luck year
There are two words among all the on-yomi that are virtually identical
to English in sound and meaning. One of them we learned already in
frame 931. Here is the other.
็ผถ
1933
1965
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็ผถ
ใ‹ใ‚“
can
chapter 10
Supplementary Readings
the final chapter dealing with the Chinese readings falls into two parts
of roughly equal length. In the ๏ฌ rst part I have included what seem to me
the most useful of the remaining readings to knowโ€”or at least, those least
unusual. The second half of the chapter picks up all the leftovers, uncommon
and close to obsolescence as some of them may be. Without wishing to slight
the reasons which the Ministry of Education and Science has for deciding
that all of these readings belong to the โ€œgeneral-useโ€ kanji, the fact remains: if
there is one part of the book you would be justi๏ฌed in skimming over lightly
and not cracking your skull to master at this stage of your language study, it is
this last section.
a. common supplementary readings
ๅณ
1934
ๅทฆๅณ
ๆฌ„
1935
ๆฌ„ๅค–
ใ•ใ‚†ใ†
right and left; both sides
ใ‚‰ใ‚“ใŒใ„
่กจ่ฃ
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š
margin (of a printed page)
399
front side and back
1438
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
็Œถไบˆ
ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ˆ
78
1628
ใƒช
็Œถ
1937
1754
ใƒฉใƒณ
่ฃ
1936
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
postponement
252 | remembering the kanji 2
ไธฆ
1938
ไธฆ่กŒ
็Œฎ
1939
็Œฎ่บซ
็
1940
็ๅ‘ณ
่™šๅฝ
้Ž–ๅ›ฝ
ๆ–ญ็‰‡
้ ปๅบฆ
devotion; commitment
ใกใ‚“ใฟ
delicacy (food)
ใ‚ญใƒง
2144
ใใ‚‡ใŽ
ใ•ใ“ใ
ใ ใ‚“ใบใ‚“
ใฒใ‚“ใฉ
ๆŒฟๅ…ฅ
ใใ†ใซใ‚…ใ†
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใผ
1993
1919
falsehood; untruth
1937
national isolation
1212
piece; fragment
373
frequency
1116
insertion
1518
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
้™ตๅข“
1615
1723
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
้™ต
1946
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“
ใƒ’ใƒณ
ๆŒฟ
1945
2167
ใƒ˜ใƒณ
้ ป
1944
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ใ‚ต
็‰‡
1943
parallel
ใ‚ฎ
้Ž–
1942
ใธใ„ใ“ใ†
ใƒใƒณ
่™š
ๅฝ
1941
1785
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
imperial mausoleum
supplementary readings
่‡ณ
1947
ๅทก
1948
ๅทกๅ›ž
่ฃ…้ฃพ
ๅˆถๅพก
ไบ•
1951
ๆฒนไบ•
ๅฆ„
1952
ๅฆ„ๆƒณ
็พ…
1953
็ถฒ็พ…
่ตดไปป
patrol; rounds
1477
ใใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
ornamentation
ใ‚ฎใƒง
943
ใ›ใ„ใŽใ‚‡
regulation; controls
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
44, 1707
ใ‚†ใ›ใ„
oil well
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
2186
ใ‚‚ใ†ใใ†
fantasy; delusion
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚‰
ใตใซใ‚“
่พฒ่€•
ใฎใ†ใ“ใ†
ใ“ใ†ใใ
1806
487
embrace; cover; comprise
386
post; assignment
1808
agriculture
654
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ‹˜ๆŸ
1398
1342
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆ‹˜
1956
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
ใƒ•
่€•
1955
285
ใƒฉ
่ตด
1954
propriety; reasonableness
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ๅพก
1950
ใ—ใจใ†
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
้ฃพ
1949
753
ใ‚ท
่‡ณๅฝ“
| 253
constraint; restraint
254 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‹ 
1957
ๆ นๆ‹ 
่‰ฒ
1958
็‰น่‰ฒ
ๆ‚ 
1959
ๆฃŸ
1960
็—…ๆฃŸ
ๆ‰นๅ‡†
่‹ฅๅนฒ
้ฎ
1963
้ฎๆ–ญ
่’ธ็™บ
ๅนณๅ‡ก
่†จ
1966
1130
ใจใใ—ใ‚‡ใ
characteristic; distinctive feature
ใ‚†ใ†ใœใ‚“
ใณใ‚‡ใ†ใจใ†
perfect composure
505
hospital ward
560
ใฒใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“
rati๏ฌcation
ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏ
563
ใ˜ใ‚ƒใฃใ‹ใ‚“
few; small number
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ ใ‚“
quarantine
1900
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใฏใค
evaporation
ใƒœใƒณ
342
ใธใ„ใผใ‚“
commonplace; ordinary
ใผใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ†
223
1192
62
1719
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
่†จๅผต
1753
958
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅ‡ก
1965
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
่’ธ
1964
basis; foundation
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
่‹ฅ
1962
ใ“ใ‚“ใใ‚‡
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅ‡†
1961
2006
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๆ‚ ็„ถ
669
ใ‚ญใƒง
in๏ฌ‚ation; bloating
supplementary readings
็ซฏ
1967
็ฒ˜
1968
็ฒ˜ๅœŸ
ๆ—‹ๅ›ž
็ฉๅ’Œ
ๅ‡่กก
่ณ“ๅฎข
่ถ…่ถŠ
่ณช็ด 
ๆธ‹
1975
ใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ„
circling
1147
ใŠใ‚“ใ‚
moderate (as in politics)
891
ใใ‚“ใ“ใ†
balance
511
ใฒใ‚“ใใ‚ƒใ
guest of honor
387
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใˆใค
transcendence
ใ‚ฝ
1762
ใ—ใฃใ
simple; unadorned
ๆธ‹ๆปž
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใŸใ„
(tra๏ฌƒc) jam; delay
2020
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็พŽ้†œ
ใณใ—ใ‚…ใ†
1532
1738
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้†œ
1976
1046
ใ‚จใƒ„
็ด 
1974
clay
ใƒ’ใƒณ
่ถŠ
1973
ใญใ‚“ใฉ
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
่ณ“
1972
921
ใ‚ชใƒณ
่กก
1971
radical; extreme
ใ‚ปใƒณ
็ฉ
1970
ใใ‚‡ใใŸใ‚“
ใƒใƒณ
ๆ—‹
1969
1167
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ๆฅต็ซฏ
| 255
beauty or ugliness; personal
appearance
256 | remembering the kanji 2
่ช‡
1977
่ช‡ๅผต
้™ฃ
1978
ๅ‡บ้™ฃ
ๅด‡ๆ‹
้šฃไบบ
ๅฎฃ่ช“
็ตฑๅธฅ
ๆŠฑๆ“
้š”ๅนด
ๅˆๅฎฟ
้ก•
1986
ใ™ใ†ใฏใ„
worship; veneration
1311
ใ‚Šใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“
oneโ€™s neighbor
1133
ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„
vow; oath
1270
ใจใ†ใ™ใ„
supreme command
1387
ใปใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
hug; embrace
1312
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ๅˆ
1985
1101
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
้š”
1984
advance into battle
ใ‚นใ‚ค
ๆ“
1983
ใ—ใ‚…ใคใ˜ใ‚“
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๅธฅ
1982
1305
ใƒชใƒณ
่ช“
1981
bombast; exaggeration
ใ‚นใ‚ฆ
้šฃ
1980
ใ“ใกใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ๅด‡
1979
1244
ใ‚ณ
ใ‹ใใญใ‚“
every other year
ใ‚ฌใƒƒ
2078, 1074
ใŒใฃใ—ใ‚…ใ
overnight outing; camp
1789
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
้ก•ๅพฎ้ก
ใ‘ใ‚“ใณใใ‚‡ใ†
253
microscope
supplementary readings
ๅกŠ
1987
ๆŽง
1988
ๆŽง่จด
ๆทปไป˜
ไผดๅฅ
็ด”้‡‘
ๅซๅ–š
้จ’ๅ‹•
ๆ‹ทๅ•
appendix; addition
1571
ใฐใ‚“ใใ†
(musical) accompaniment
1494
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใใ‚“
solid gold
1508
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“
scream; holler
1985
ใใ†ใฉใ†
row; agitation
1255
ใ”ใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
torture
179
ใƒžใ‚ค
ๅŸ‹ๆฒก
ๆŠž
1996
ใฆใ‚“ใท
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
ๅŸ‹
1995
634
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆ‹ท
1994
(legal) appeal
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
้จ’
1993
ใ“ใ†ใ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
ๅซ
1992
1318
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
็ด”
1991
mass (of something)
ใƒ†ใƒณ
ๅฅ
1990
ใ‹ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๆทป
1989
2024
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ๅกŠ็Šถ
ใพใ„ใผใค
buried and forgotten
1074
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
้ธๆŠž
ใ›ใ‚“ใŸใ
| 257
choice; option
258 | remembering the kanji 2
่‡ด
1997
ไธ€่‡ด
็ฅˆ
1998
็ฅˆ้ก˜
้€ๆ˜Ž
ๅœๅ†…
ๅฏ›ๅฎน
ๆจก็ฏ„
ๆฝค
2003
ๆฝค่‰ฒ
่ตฆๅ…
ใจใ†ใ‚ใ„
transparent
1208
ใ‘ใ‚“ใชใ„
within the sphere of
226
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†
tolerance
ใƒข
698
ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚“
model; pattern
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚“
ๆฅ่พฑ
่จผๆ‹ 
229
1627
embellishment; ๏ฌ‚ourish
1744
pardon; amnesty
823
ใƒ
ๆ‹ 
2006
915
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ๆฅ
2005
prayer; petition
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
่ตฆ
2004
ใใŒใ‚“
ใ‚ซใƒณ
ๆจก
2002
1128
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ๅฏ›
2001
unity
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅœ
2000
ใ„ใฃใก
ใ‚ญ
้€
1999
756
ใƒ
ใกใ˜ใ‚‡ใ
disgrace; dishonor
ใ‚ณ
1957
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ“
proof; evidence
669
supplementary readings
ๅขƒ
ๅ†…
2007
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ๅขƒๅ†…
้‡‘้ซช
ๅขœ่ฝ
ๆšซๅฎš
่™ๆฎบ
ๅˆ†ๆž
ๆœˆ่ณฆ
(airplane) crash
1134
ใ–ใ‚“ใฆใ„
provisional; temporary
1998
ใŽใ‚ƒใใ•ใค
massacre
1126
ใถใ‚“ใ›ใ
analysis
378
ใ’ใฃใท
monthly installment
1509
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ณพๅผพ
ๆฒธ
2015
ใคใ„ใ‚‰ใ
ใƒ•
็ณพ
2014
1307
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
่ณฆ
2013
blond
ใ‚ฎใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ๆž
2012
ใใ‚“ใฑใค
ใ‚ถใƒณ
่™
2011
1924
ใƒ„ใ‚ค
ๆšซ
2010
precincts; grounds
ใƒใƒ„
ๅขœ
2009
ใ‘ใ„ใ ใ„
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ ใ‚“
censure; arraignment
1237
ใƒ•ใƒ„
ๆฒธ้จฐ
ใตใฃใจใ†
484
1019
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
้ซช
2008
432
| 259
boiling
260 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆญณ
2016
ๆญณๆšฎ
ๆ‚ผ
2017
่ฟฝๆ‚ผ
็ฃ็Ÿณ
ๅก‘
2019
ๅก‘ๅƒ
็ด่ฑ†
็ฑณ
2021
ๆ–ฐ็ฑณ
ๆ˜†
่™ซ
2022
ๆ˜†่™ซ
ใคใ„ใจใ†
mourning
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1732, 2196
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚ƒใ
magnet
็ฅžๅฎฎ
1113
1960
ใใžใ†
doll or statue molded out of clay
ใƒŠใƒ„
1612, 2040, 2168, 2170
ใชใฃใจใ†
fermented soybeans
ใƒžใ‚ค
539
ใ—ใ‚“ใพใ„
new rice
1356
919
448
517
ใ“ใ‚“ใกใ‚…ใ†
insects; bugs
ใ‚ท
1744
1086
766
ใ‚ต
็คบๅ”†
512
621
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅฎฎ
2024
end-of-the-year present
ใ‚ณใƒณ
็คบ
ๅ”†
2023
ใ›ใ„ใผ
ใ‚ฝ
็ด
2020
1093
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
็Ÿณ
2018
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ใ—ใ•
suggestion
ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
2046, 2106
ใ˜ใ‚“ใใ†
Shinto shrine
1033
| 261
supplementary readings
ๅฒณ
2025
ๅฑฑๅฒณ
้€“
2026
้€“้€
ๆžœๆฑ
ๅŽŸๅญ็‚‰
็ซ็‚Ž
่ฟฝ่ทก
ๅ •่ฝ
้ป„้‡‘
ๅญ
2033
ๆง˜ๅญ
ๅฅณ
2034
140
ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
fruit juice
1080
ใ’ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚
nuclear reactor
162
ใ‹ใˆใ‚“
๏ฌ‚ames; blaze
1746
ใคใ„ใ›ใ
chase; pursuit
1314
ใƒ€
้‡‘
2032
posting; sending by mail
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ๅ •
2031
ใฆใ„ใใ†
ใ‚จใƒณ
่ทก
2030
1858
ใƒญ
็‚Ž
2029
hills and mountains
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็‚‰
2028
ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๆฑ
2027
1330
ใ‚ฌใ‚ฏ
ๅฅณๆˆฟ
ใ ใ‚‰ใ
depravity; corruption
ใ‚ณใƒณ
984
ใŠใ†ใ”ใ‚“
gold
ใ‚น
1077
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ™
state of a๏ฌ€airs; circumstances
ใƒ‹ใƒงใ‚ฆ
(3), 951, 2162
ใซใ‚‡ใ†ใผใ†
(oneโ€™s own) wife
269
95
98
262 | remembering the kanji 2
็”ท
2035
้•ท็”ท
็ซน
2036
ใƒŠใƒณ
950
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใชใ‚“
oldest son
937
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๆพ็ซนๆข…
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใกใใฐใ„
859
pine, bamboo, plum
See frame 1481 for an explanation of this term.
ไธ
2037
ไธ็”จๅฟƒ
ๅนณ
2038
ๅนณ็ญ‰
ไฝœ
2039
ไฝœๆฅญ
ๅ‡บ
็ด
2040
ๅ‡บ็ด
ๅ…
2041
ๅฐๅ…
้›‘
2042
้›‘็…ฎ
ใƒ–
6
ใถใ‚ˆใ†ใ˜ใ‚“
carelessness; insecurity
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
1570
ใณใ‚‡ใ†ใฉใ†
equality
ใ‚ต
691
ใ•ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
work; operation
ใ‚นใ‚ค
571
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1612, 2020, 2168, 2170
ใ™ใ„ใจใ†
cash-accounting; receipts
and expenses
ใƒ‹
1571
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใซ
infant
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
575
ใžใ†ใซ
rice cakes boiled in broth
with vegetables
Note that the second kanji is read with its kun-yomi.
1217
1484
1142
767
1356
58
562
supplementary readings
็พฝ
2043
ๆ‹
2044
ๆ‹ๅญ
้ฃŸ
2045
ๆ–ญ้ฃŸ
ๅฎฎ
ๆฎฟ
2046
ๅฎฎๆฎฟ
ๅ‰–
2047
่งฃๅ‰–
ๅง”ๅ˜ฑ
ๅ›ฐ็ชฎ
92
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ—
beat; rhythm
ใ‚ธใ‚ญ
1040
ใ ใ‚“ใ˜ใ
fasting
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
2024, 2106
1033
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
2145
1805
ใใ‚…ใ†ใงใ‚“
palace
ใ‹ใ„ใผใ†
ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ
ใ“ใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†
ๅค‰้ท
ใธใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
ใ‚ˆใใ˜ใค
1472
autopsy
1954
entrusting; commission
1326
destitution; penury
1610
vicissitudes; changes
575
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
็ฟŒๆ—ฅ
652
478
ใ‚ปใƒณ
็ฟŒ
2051
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้ท
2050
down (feathers)
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
็ชฎ
2049
ใ†ใ‚‚ใ†
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๅ˜ฑ
2048
573
ใ‚ฆ
็พฝๆฏ›
| 263
the day after; morrow
264 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅคข
2052
ๅคขไธญ
ๅผ“
2053
ๅผ“้“
ๆŠœ็พค
็ฟป่จณ
ไป็พฉ
ๆผธ
2057
ๆผธๆฌก
ๅฐ‹ๅ•
ๅ–ชๅคฑ
ใฐใคใใ‚“
exceptional
1911
ใปใ‚“ใ‚„ใ
translation
ใ‚ธใƒณ
32, 235
ใ˜ใ‚“ใŽ
benevolence and justice
ใœใ‚“ใ˜
ใ˜ใ‚“ใ‚‚ใ‚“
ใใ†ใ—ใค
ไธ‹่ณœ
ใ‹ใ—
gradually; step by step
1145
cross-examining (a witness)
1926
loss
1052
bestowal
1862
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๅนปๆƒณ
ใ’ใ‚“ใใ†
988
1135
ใ‚ท
ๅนป
2061
705
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
่ณœ
2060
Japanese โ€œway of the bowโ€
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ๅ–ช
2059
ใใ‚…ใ†ใฉใ†
ใ‚ผใƒณ
ๅฐ‹
2058
1231
ใƒ›ใƒณ
ไป
2056
in a daze; enraptured
ใƒใƒ„
็ฟป
2055
ใ‚€ใกใ‚…ใ†
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆŠœ
2054
305
ใƒ 
illusion; vision
supplementary readings
็ทฉ
2062
็–ซ
2063
็–ซ็—…
่ปŸ
2064
่ปŸๅŒ–
็ช’ๆฏ
ๆ–œ้ข
ๅฅจๅŠฑ้‡‘
้™ฅๆฒก
้€ไธ€
ใชใ‚“ใ‹
ใกใฃใใ
ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ‚“
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Œใ„ใใ‚“
ใ‹ใ‚“ใผใค
ใกใใ„ใก
ๅฑ็ฏค
ใใจใ
softening; mollifying
1321
asphyxiation
1662
sloped surface
866
scholarship grant
1315
cave-in
539
one-by-one; minutely
1988
dangerously ill
1495
ใƒ‰ใƒณ
้ˆ็‰ฉ
ใฉใ‚“ใถใค
1689
470
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
้ˆ
2071
epidemic
ใƒใ‚ฏ
็ฏค
2070
ใˆใใณใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ซใƒณ
้€
2069
2122
ใƒฌใ‚ค
้™ฅ
2068
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ๅŠฑ
2067
mitigation
ใƒใƒ„
ๆ–œ
2066
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚
ใƒŠใƒณ
็ช’
2065
1952
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็ทฉๅ’Œ
| 265
dimwit
266 | remembering the kanji 2
่›ฎ
2072
้‡Ž่›ฎ
้‹ณ
2073
้‹ณ้‰„
ไฟŠๆ‰
ๅซ่“„
้ฃ›่บ
ๅนฝ็Ž„
ๅˆๆˆฆ
้œฒ
2079
ๆŠซ้œฒๅฎด
็งฐ
2080
1014
ใ—ใ‚…ใ‚“ใ•ใ„
person of great talent
1588
ใŒใ‚“ใกใ
connotation
1285
ใฒใ‚„ใ
leap
1380
ใ‚†ใ†ใ’ใ‚“
elegance; mysteriousness
ใ‚ซใƒƒ
1074, 1985
ใ‹ใฃใ›ใ‚“
skirmish; ๏ฌght
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
449
ใฒใ‚ใ†ใˆใ‚“
wedding reception
253
1283
905
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ„›็งฐ
ๆ‹พ
2081
cast iron
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
ๅˆ
2078
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใฆใค
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
ๅนฝ
2077
1566
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
่บ
2076
barbarians
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒณ
ๅซ
2075
ใ‚„ใฐใ‚“
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ไฟŠ
2074
1747
ใƒใƒณ
ๆ‹พไธ‡ๅ††
ใ‚ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
pet name; name of a๏ฌ€ection
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1813
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใพใ‚“ใˆใ‚“
¥100,000 (in formal receipts)
667
| 267
supplementary readings
ๆˆฏ
2082
้Šๆˆฏ
ๆŠŠ
2083
ๆŠŠๆก
ๆƒจ้…ท
็ฒ›
2085
sport; game
1752
ใฏใ‚ใ
grasp; grip
ใ‚ถใƒณ
499
ใ–ใ‚“ใ“ใ
cruel
1721
1733
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
่‡ช็ฒ›
ๅฐฑ
2086
ใ‚†ใ†ใŽ
ใƒ
ๆƒจ
2084
1994
ใ‚ฎ
ๆˆๅฐฑ
ใ˜ใ—ใ‚…ใ
self-discipline
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
1689
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ‚…
attainment; accomplishment
1969
b. uncommon supplementary readings
่ฌ€
2087
่ฌ€ๅ
ๅฎฐ
็›ธ
2088
807
ใ‚€ใปใ‚“
rebellion; conspiracy
ๅฎฐ็›ธ
ใŠ็ฏ€ๆ–™็†
1760
1499
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
็ฏ€
2089
ใƒ 
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
263, 1565
ใ•ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
prime minister
ใ‚ปใƒ
1694
ใŠใ›ใกใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š
New Yearโ€™s dishes
209
1464
268 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆƒณ
2090
ๆ„›ๆƒณ
ๅพ“
2091
ไธปๅพ“
ๅ†Š
2092
็Ÿญๅ†Š
็พจ
2093
่ฒข
2094
ๅนด่ฒข
้ฆ™
2095
้ฆ™่ปŠ
ๅˆ‡
2096
ไธ€ๅˆ‡
ๆ•ฐ
2097
ๆ•ฐๅฅ‡
ๅฃ
2098
264
ใ‚ใ„ใ
civility; amiability
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
368, 2207
ใ—ใ‚…ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
master and servant
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
1091
ใŸใ‚“ใ–ใ
slender slips of paper on which
poems are written
ๅฃไผ
877
1826
553
ใ‚ปใƒณ
็พจๆœ›
609
ใ‚ฝ
ใ›ใ‚“ใผใ†
envy
ใ‚ฏ
120
ใญใ‚“ใ
annual tribute
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
1714
ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
a โ€œspearโ€ in Japanese chess
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
504
ใ„ใฃใ•ใ„
all; everything
ใ‚น
1663
ใ™ใ
re๏ฌned taste
ใ‚ฏ
1556
ใใงใ‚“
oral tradition
81
911
85
929
11
supplementary readings
ไปŠ
2099
ไปŠไธŠ
่ž
2100
่ด่ž
ๅ
2101
ๅคงๅ
ๅค
2102
ๅค่‡ณ
ไฝ“
2103
ไฝ“่ฃ
ๅปบ
็ซ‹
2104
ๅปบ็ซ‹
ๅ…ต
็ณง
2105
ๅ…ต็ณง
ๅฎฎ
2106
ๅฎฎๅ†…ๅบ
้Š
2107
้Šๅฑฑ
| 269
1587
ใ‚ญใƒณ
1018
ใใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
reigning emperor
ใƒขใƒณ
1009
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚“
audience; audition
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
350
ใ ใ„ใฟใ‚‡ใ†
feudal lord
ใ‚ฒ
484
ใ’ใ—
summer solstice
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
1084
ใฆใ„ใ•ใ„
getup; appearance
ใ‚ณใƒณ
406
391
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
503
431
ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†
building; erection
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
1773
1331
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
495
926
ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ใ†
army provisions
ใ‚ฏ
2024, 2046
ใใชใ„ใกใ‚‡ใ†
Imperial Household Agency
ใƒฆ
1795
ใ‚†ใ•ใ‚“
outing in the mountains
1626
112
296
957
1033
1047
270 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆ‚ช
2108
ๆ†Žๆ‚ช
ๅฃฐ
2109
ๅคง้Ÿณๅฃฐ
ๅฎ—
2110
ๅฎ—ๅŒ 
ๅบฆ
2111
ๆ”ฏๅบฆ
ๆœ‰
2112
ๆœ‰็„ก
่ตค
2113
่ตค้Š…
็คผ
2114
็คผ่ณ›
ๅ‘ฝ
2115
ๅฏฟๅ‘ฝ
ๆฎบ
2116
็›ธๆฎบ
1810
ใ‚ช
1704
ใžใ†ใŠ
hatred
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1741
ใ ใ„ใŠใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
stentorian voice
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
1588
ใใ†ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
master; teacher
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
468, 1019
ใ—ใŸใ
out๏ฌt; arrangement
ใ‚ฆ
1066
ใ†ใ‚€
being and nothingness
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1825
ใ—ใ‚ƒใใฉใ†
alloy of gold and copper
ใƒฉใ‚ค
51
ใ‚‰ใ„ใ•ใ‚“
high praise
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
982
ใ˜ใ‚…ใฟใ‚‡ใ†
span of oneโ€™s life
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
1609, 2225
ใใ†ใ•ใ„
mutual o๏ฌ€setting; canceling out
1896
1100
1194
79
1743
1087
1400
1493
| 271
supplementary readings
ๆผ
2117
ๆผๅธซ
ๆ‰•
2118
1611
ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ—
๏ฌsherman
ๆ‰•ๅบ•
็ฝฐๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Š
172
738
ใƒ•ใƒ„
็ฝฐ
2119
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใตใฃใฆใ„
shortage; scarcity
ใƒใƒ
1577
ใฐใกใ‚ใŸใ‚Š
cursed; damned
833
The second kanji is read with its kun-yomi.
ๅฅ‰
2120
ๅฅ‰่กŒ
ๆ‡ธ
2121
ๆ‡ธๅฟต
็–ซ
2122
็–ซ็—…็ฅž
ๅค•
2123
ไปŠๅค•
ใถใŽใ‚‡ใ†
magistrate
ใ‚ฑ
409
ใ‘ใญใ‚“
anxiety; fear
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
2063
ใ‚„ใใณใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใฟ
god of the plague; jinx
ใ“ใ‚“ใ›ใ
่ฆณๆกœไผš
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŠใ†ใ‹ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚“ใใ‚…ใ†
1394
1689
this evening
1932
cherry-blossom viewing party
432
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆ„Ÿๆณฃ
1573
109
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆณฃ
2125
797
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ๆกœ
2124
ใƒ–
moved to tears
272 | remembering the kanji 2
็Ÿข
2126
ไธ€็Ÿข
ไธ˜
2127
็ ‚ไธ˜
็ฉ‚็Šถ
็”ฒๆฟ
ๅน
2130
ๅนๅฅ
ๅŸท็€
ๅฅฅ
2132
ๆทฑๅฅฅ
้ƒท
2133
้ƒท็คพ
ๆณ•
2134
1329
ใ•ใใ‚…ใ†
dune; sandhill
909
ใ™ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
shaped like an ear of corn
ใ‚ซใƒณ
1897
ใ‹ใ‚“ใฑใ‚“
deck (of a ship)
ๆณ•ๅบฆ
1113
467
ใ‚นใ‚ค
ๅŸท
็€
2131
a single arrow
ใ‚นใ‚ค
็”ฒ
2129
ใ„ใฃใ—
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
็ฉ‚
2128
1220
ใ‚ท
ใ™ใ„ใใ†
playing a wind instrument
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
1745
1506
ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏ
1671
555
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ
attachment (Buddhist term)
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
1708
ใ—ใ‚“ใŠใ†
the depths; inner mysteries
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
430
ใ”ใ†ใ—ใ‚ƒ
village shrine
ใƒใƒ„
1106, 1850, 2241
ใฏใฃใจ
ordinance; law
928
1849
751
supplementary readings
้œŠ
2135
ๆญป้œŠ
ๆœ•
2136
ๆœ•
ไบคๆ›ฟ
่ฃ…ๆŸ
ๅฉฟ
2139
ๅฅณๅฉฟ
่ฆช็ฆ
้Œฆ้ถ
842
ใ“ใ†ใŸใ„
alteration; change
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
262
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใžใ
costume (for an occasion)
ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ›ใ„
ใ—ใ‚“ใผใ
ใใ‚“ใ‘ใ„
็”ฒๆฎป
็…ฉ้›‘
398
395
son-in-law
1514
friendship; intimacy
411
golden pheasant
710
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
็…ฉ
2143
(a ๏ฌrst person singular reserved
for use by the Emperor and not
compounded with other kanji)
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๆฎป
2142
ใกใ‚“
1791
2027
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
้Œฆ
2141
departed souls
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
็ฆ
2140
ใ—ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
่ฃ…
2138
1722
ใƒใƒณ
ๆ›ฟ
2137
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
| 273
ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ
shell; crust; carapace
ใƒใƒณ
2227
ใฏใ‚“ใ–ใค
complexity; trouble
163
274 | remembering the kanji 2
่™š
2144
่™š็ฉบ
ๆฎฟ
2145
ๅพกๆฎฟ
้–‘ๅด
่ญฆ็ฌ›
่Šฑๅฃ‡
ไปฐ
2149
ไปฐๅคฉ
่กฐ
2150
่กฐๅผฑ
็ด็ทš
palace
1625
ใ‹ใ‚“ใใ‚ƒใ
negligence; oversight
1111
ใ‘ใ„ใฆใ
alarm whistle
ใƒ€ใƒณ
718
ใ‹ใ ใ‚“
๏ฌ‚ower bed
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
1777
ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ‚“
๏ฌ‚abbergasted
ใ™ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ
587
1701
1890
debility
1591
ใใ‚“ใ›ใ‚“
โ€œheart stringsโ€
1912
ใƒใƒณ
ๅปƒ่—ฉ
็ ‚
2153
ใ”ใฆใ‚“
ใ‚ญใƒณ
่—ฉ
2152
1805
ใ‚นใ‚ค
็ด
2151
empty space; โ€œthin airโ€
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
ๅฃ‡
2148
ใ“ใใ†
1993
ใ‚ซใƒณ
็ฌ›
2147
1941
ใƒ†ใƒณ
้–‘
2146
ใ‚ณ
ๅœŸ็ ‚ๅดฉๅฃŠ
ใฏใ„ใฏใ‚“
abolition of the feudal clans
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
1049, 1411
ใฉใ—ใ‚ƒใปใ†ใ‹ใ„
landslide (of earth and sand)
117
supplementary readings
ๅ‚˜
2154
้จ“
2155
้œŠ้จ“
ๅฝน
2156
ๆ‡ฒๅฝน
ไน…
2157
ไน…้ 
ๆœŸ
2158
ๆœ€ๆœŸ
ๆ ผ
2159
ๆ ผๅญ
ไปฎ
2160
ไปฎ็—…
ๅ…
2161
ๅ…่จฑ
ๅคฉๅฅณ
็”ฑ
2163
ใ•ใ‚“ใ‹
under the in๏ฌ‚uence of; a๏ฌƒliated
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
132
ใ‚Œใ„ใ’ใ‚“
miracle
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
1575
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใˆใ
prison with hard labor
ใ‚ฏ
43, 1638
ใใŠใ‚“
eternity
ใ‚ด
1256
ใ•ใ„ใ”
oneโ€™s dying moments
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
1352
ใ“ใ†ใ—
lattice
ใ‚ฑ
1241
ใ‘ใณใ‚‡ใ†
feigned illness
็”ฑ็ท’
1980
884
1016
1765
292
966
765
ใ‚คใƒณ
ๅฅณ
2162
1026
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๅ‚˜ไธ‹
| 275
ใ„ใ‚“ใใ‚‡
license; permit
ใƒ‹ใƒง
(3), 951, 2034
ใฆใ‚“ใซใ‚‡
heavenly maiden
ใƒฆใ‚ค
14, 1006, 1345
ใ‚†ใ„ใ—ใ‚‡
pedigree; lineage
98
1105
276 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅ”ฏ
2164
ๅ”ฏใ€…่ซพใ€…
่€—
2165
ๅฟƒ็ฅž่€—ๅผฑ
ๆœซ
2166
ๆœซๅญ
็Œฎ
2167
ไธ€็Œฎ
็ด
2168
็ดๅฑ‹
ใ‚ค
1829
ใ„ใ„ใ ใใ ใ
willingly; submissively
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
804
556
1914
ใ—ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚“ใ“ใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใfainthearted
ใƒใƒ„
284
ใฐใฃใ—
youngest child
ใ‚ณใƒณ
1939
ใ„ใฃใ“ใ‚“
a cup (of saké o๏ฌ€ered)
ใƒŠ
1612, 2020, 2040, 2170
ใชใ‚„
shed
217
1615
1356
The second kanji takes a kun-yomi.
ๆœจ
2169
ๅคงๆœจ
็ด
2170
็ดๆˆธ
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
980
ใŸใ„ใผใ
towering tree
ใƒŠใƒณ
1612, 2020, 2040, 2168
ใชใ‚“ใฉ
wardrobe; closet
195
1356
The second kanji takes a kun-yomi.
ๅŒน
2171
ๅŒนๆ•ต
ๅ‡ธ
2172
1695
ใƒ’ใƒ„
ใฒใฃใฆใ
a match for; equal to
34
ใƒˆใƒ„
ๅ‡ธ้ข้ก
ใจใคใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†
convex lens
supplementary readings
ๅ‡น
2173
็นญ
็ณธ
2174
็นญ็ณธ
่ธ
2175
่ธ็ ด
้š†่ตท
ๆธ…ๆถผๅ‰ค
ๆ›‡ๅคฉ
ๆšๅคฉ
ๅปƒๅซก
้ต
2181
ใ‚ท
1333
ใ‘ใ‚“ใ—
cocoon thread
1287
ใจใ†ใฏ
traveling on foot
1561
ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ
protrusion; projection
313
ใ›ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ–ใ„
refrigerant
424
ใฉใ‚“ใฆใ‚“
cloudy skies
1201
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅซก
2180
1880
ใƒ‰ใƒณ
ๆš
2179
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆ›‡
2178
concave lens
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๆถผ
2177
ใŠใ†ใ‚ใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
้š†
2176
33
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๅ‡น้ข้ก
ใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ‚“
morning skies
ใƒใƒฃใ‚ฏ
159
ใฏใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ
disinherit
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใฝใ†
440
2031
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒณใƒปใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
้ตๆณ•
| 277
law-abiding
278 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆฝœ
ไผ
2182
ๆฝœไผ
่‰ถ
2183
่‰ถ่ž
้Ž่ค’
่ˆŸ่‰‡
ๅฆ„่จ€
ๆˆป
2187
่ฟ”ๆˆป
้งๅฑฏ
1755
ใˆใ‚“ใถใ‚“
love a๏ฌ€air; romance
998
ใ‹ใปใ†
excessive praise
1868
ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใฆใ„
watercraft
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
1952
ใผใ†ใ’ใ‚“
careless, wild remarks
ใธใ‚“ใ‚Œใ„
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใจใ‚“
้‡ฃ่‰‡
ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใฆใ„
return; giving back
2033
being stationed (somewhere)
273
๏ฌshing boat
1692
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
้š ๅŒฟ
ใ„ใ‚“ใจใ
487
1081
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅŒฟ
2190
hiding out
ใƒˆใƒณ
้‡ฃ
2189
ใ›ใ‚“ใทใ
ใƒฌใ‚ค
ๅฑฏ
2188
962
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅฆ„
2186
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
่ˆŸ
2185
844
ใ‚จใƒณ
่ค’
2184
ใ‚ปใƒณ
concealment
supplementary readings
็ท‘
2191
ๆ–ฐ็ท‘
ๅฏŒ
2192
ๅฏŒ่ฒด
ๅŠŸ
2193
ๅŠŸๅพณ
้€
2194
297
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ
fresh verdure
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆ
747
ใตใ†ใ
wealth and prestige
ใ‚ฏ
115
ใใฉใ
work of charity
้€ๅŽป
ใ›ใ„ใใ‚‡
ใ—ใŽใ‚“
193
863
passing away; death
1589
ใ‚ฎใƒณ
่ฉฉๅŸ
1371
1132
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
ๅŸ
2195
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฏ
| 279
reciting (Chinese) poems
The following three frames contain readings of kanji related to old weights
and measures which are no longer used but are still judged to be of historical
importance.
็Ÿณ
2196
ไธ€็Ÿณ
ๅ‹บ
2197
ๆ–ค
2198
1723, 2018
ใ„ใฃใ“ใ
one koku (of rice, about .18m3)
68
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ไธ€ๅ‹บ
ใ„ใฃใ—ใ‚ƒใ
one shaku (about 1.8 cl)
1125
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ไธ€ๆ–ค
113
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
ใ„ใฃใใ‚“
one kin (about 600 g)
280 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅˆƒ
2199
่‡ชๅˆƒ
็ด…
2200
็œŸ็ด…
้›ช
2201
็ฉ้›ช
็ตฆไป•
ไบ‹
2203
ใ˜ใ˜ใ‚“
death by oneโ€™s own sword
ใ‚ฏ
118
ใ—ใ‚“ใ
crimson
ๅฅฝไบ‹ๅฎถ
1355
1143
ใ‚ปใƒ„
ไป•
2202
84
ใ‚ธใƒณ
ใ›ใใ›ใค
piled-up snow
ใ‚ธ
141
ใใ‚…ใ†ใ˜
o๏ฌƒce boy; page boy
ใ‚บ
1107
ใ“ใ†ใšใ‹
dilettante
960
1156
The ๏ฌnal kanji takes a kun-yomi.
่ณช
2204
่จ€่ณช
่ชญ
2205
ๅฅ่ชญ็‚น
่‡ฃ
2206
่‡ฃไธ‹
ๅพ“
2207
ๅพ“ๅฎน
1137
ใƒ
1037, 1904
ใ’ใ‚“ใก
pledge; commitment
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
1105, 1833
ใใจใ†ใฆใ‚“
punctuation and reading marks
ใ‚ทใƒณ
1593
ใ—ใ‚“ใ‹
retainer; subject
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
368, 2091
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
tranquility; composure
348
848
877
| 281
supplementary readings
ๆฟฏ
2208
ๆด—ๆฟฏ
ไนƒ
2209
ไธ€ไนƒ่‡ณๅ
ๆœด
2210
็ด”ๆœด
ๆ‹™ๅŠฃ
็น่Œ‚
ๆฅฝ้š ๅฑ…
่กทๅฟƒ
ๅจๅš‡
207
ใ˜ใ‚…ใ‚“ใผใ
rustic simplicity
769
ใ›ใคใ‚Œใค
clumsiness; ineptitude
360
ใฏใ‚“ใ‚‚
luxuriant growth (trees, etc.)
1313
ใ‚‰ใใ„ใ‚“ใใ‚‡
an easy life of retirement
1891
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‚“
oneโ€™s innermost feeling
2026
ใ„ใ‹ใ
intimidation; menace
2038
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ไธน่ช 
ๅบถ
2217
686
from 1 to 10
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ไธน
2216
ใ„ใกใชใ„ใ—ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅš‡
2215
(36)
ใ‚คใƒณ
่กท
2214
ใƒŠใ‚ค
ใƒข
้š 
2213
laundry; washing
ใ‚ปใƒ„
่Œ‚
2212
ใ›ใ‚“ใŸใ
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
ๆ‹™
2211
577
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
ใŸใ‚“ใ›ใ„
sincerity; purity of heart
1191
ใ‚ทใƒง
ๅบถๆฐ‘
ใ—ใ‚‡ใฟใ‚“
common people
282 | remembering the kanji 2
็ˆต
2218
็”ท็ˆต
ๅบธ
2219
1463
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใ
baron
1182
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
ไธญๅบธ
ใกใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†
golden mean; happy medium
We may conclude with a number of supplementary readings used for rather
common Buddhist terms. Buddhism has traditionally preserved its own distinct readings for many of the kanji (see frame 2131). These frames should give
you some idea of just how di๏ฌ€erent they can be.
ไธŠ
2220
ไธŠไบบ
้ฆฌ
2221
็ตต้ฆฌ
ๅบซ
2222
ๅบซ่ฃ
็›Š
2223
ๅพกๅˆฉ็›Š
ๅ‹ค
2224
ๅ‹ค่กŒ
49
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
1657
ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใซใ‚“
saint
ใƒž
1840
ใˆใพ
plaque on which petitions are
inscribed and displayed
ใ‚ฏ
1043
ใใ‚Š
temple dining room or living
quarters
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
1641
ใ”ใ‚Šใ‚„ใ
bene๏ฌt of having oneโ€™s prayers
to the Buddha answered
ใ‚ดใƒณ
412
ใ”ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
Buddhist religious service
1978
589
1881
1577
| 283
supplementary readings
ๆฎบ
2225
ๆฎบ็”Ÿๆˆ’
ไพ
2226
ๅธฐไพ
็…ฉ
2227
็…ฉๆ‚ฉ
ๆฅญ
2228
ๅฎฟๆฅญ
้นฟ
2229
่ฏ
ๅŽณ
็ตŒ
2230
่ฏๅŽณ็ตŒ
่งฃ
2231
่งฃ่„ฑ
ๅ›ž
2232
1609, 2116
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„
injunction against taking life
ใ‚จ
1627
ใใˆ
conversion (religious)
ใƒœใƒณ
2143
ใผใ‚“ใฎใ†
worldly passions
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
1026
ใ—ใ‚…ใใ”ใ†
accumulated karma
ๅ›žๅฟƒ
971
163
1792
1999
ใƒญใ‚ฏ
้นฟ้‡Ž่‹‘
1493
ใ‚ปใƒ„
ใ‚ใใ‚„ใŠใ‚“
Deer Park (legendary site of the
Buddhaโ€™s ๏ฌrst sermon)
ใ‚ฑ
1151
1581
ใ‚ดใƒณ
1787
1936
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
720
1360
ใ‘ใ”ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
Avatamsaka Sutra, a Buddhist
text treasured in particular by
the Kegon (Hua-yen) sect
ใ‚ฒ
1572
ใ’ใ ใค
liberation; salvation
ใ‚จ
1087
ใˆใ—ใ‚“
conversion
1814
586
284 | remembering the kanji 2
ๅฐผ
2233
1054
ใƒ‹
ใซใใ†
Buddhist nun
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
1768
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
974, 1614, 2238
ใ—ใ‚…ใŽใ‚‡ใ†
ascetic exercises; discipline
ๅ—
้˜ฟ
้™€
ใƒŠ
1842
2235
ๅ—็„ก้˜ฟๅผฅ้™€ไป
ๅ’Œ
ๅฐš
ใ‚ช
ๅฐผๅƒง
ไฟฎ
่กŒ
2234
2236
ไฟฎ่กŒ
ใชใ‚€ใ‚ใฟใ ใถใค
โ€œRefuge in the name of
Amida Buddhaโ€
12
ๅ’Œๅฐš
ๅฆ‚ๆฅ
่กŒ่„š
่ก†็”Ÿ
897
184
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
่ก†
2239
1295
ใƒ€
่กŒ
่„š
2238
873
1613
ใ‚ข
ๅฆ‚
2237
1722
ใŠใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
title of respect for a monk
ใƒ‹ใƒง
1845
ใซใ‚‡ใ‚‰ใ„
the Tathagata or โ€œThus-Comeโ€
(one of the titles of the Buddha)
ใ‚ขใƒณ
974, 1614, 2234
ใ‚ฎใƒฃ
429
ใ‚ใ‚“ใŽใ‚ƒ
religious pilgrimage
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
1749
ใ—ใ‚…ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†
sentient beings
100
873
1396
1857
supplementary readings
้‰ข
2240
ๆณ•
2241
ๆณ•่บซ
ๆ‘‚
2242
ใˆใฏใค
transmission of the robe and
bowl (symbolizing the passing
on of tradition from master to
successor)
ใƒ›ใƒ„
1106, 1850, 2134
ใปใฃใ—ใ‚“
Dharma-body (of the Buddha)
ๆ‘‚ๅ–
ใ›ใฃใ—ใ‚…
providence or protection by a
buddha or bodhisattva on oneโ€™s
way to salvation
1234
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅผ˜ๆณ•ๅคงๅธซ
ใ“ใ†ใผใ†ใ ใ„ใ—
751
1739
ใ‚ปใƒ„
ๅผ˜
2243
271
ใƒใƒ„
่กฃ้‰ข
| 285
posthumous title of Kลซkai,
founder of Japanese Shingon
Buddhism
part two
Japanese Readings
chapter 11
A Mnemonics for
the Japanese Readings
As explained in the Introduction, the kun-yomi or Japanese readings of
the kanji di๏ฌ€er considerably from the on-yomi treated in the last ten chapters.
Kun-yomi generally stand on their own as phonetic units and not as components of compounds, are often in๏ฌ‚ected with a hiragana ending, contain far
fewer homonyms than the Chinese readings, and admit of no โ€œsignal primitivesโ€ or any comparable device for associating form with pronunciation.
If anything, the Japanese readings of the characters present us with a problem much like that we faced in learning to write them, at least in these two
respects: (1) they have no relationship to Western languages; and yet (2) they
can be broken up into component or โ€œprimitiveโ€ parts. What I would like to
do in this concluding chapter is outline a method for taking advantage of the
second characteristic to weaken the force of the ๏ฌrst.
I do not anticipate that what is written here will come as a complete surprise to anyone who has already struggled with the radical unfamiliarity of
Japanese vocabulary and toyed around with memory tricks of one sort or
another. What I hope it will do is help you think more systematically about
your mnemonic devices.
Were Japanese words transcribed phonetically after the manner of Western alphabets, it would be impossibleโ€”or at least far more trouble than it is
worthโ€”to assign meanings to each of the individual sounds. But since Japanese divides words phonetically according to syllables, such assignation
is comparatively simple. Most of the monosyllabic sounds that make up the
syllabary are themselves already Japanese words; and those that remain can
choose a meaning from the full range of available Chinese readings studied
in the previous chapters. The main problem is to ๏ฌ x one meaning to one syllable. Once that is done, virtually any Japanese word can be broken up into
โ€œprimitive phonemesโ€ much the same way as the kanji were broken up into
their primitive elements in vol. 1.
The presence of variant hiragana in๏ฌ‚ections need not complicate the procedure. The forms and functions of these in๏ฌ‚ections can be left to grammati-
290 | remembering the kanji 2
cal studies. For the purposes of this chapter it is enough to focus on the rootwords to which they are appended. For example, when ่ชž is used in a Chinese
compound, there are no in๏ฌ‚ections; but when the Japanese reading ่ชžใ‚‹ (ใ‹ใŸ
ใ‚‹) is used, we can generate forms like ่ชžใฃใŸ and ่ชžใ‚Œใฐ. The root-word ใ‹ใŸ
remains unchanged. Should it happen that the root-word undergoes signi๏ฌcant change or is too short or confusing on its own, you can simply learn the
โ€œdictionary formโ€ of the word as a whole. The main thing is to ๏ฌ nd a natural, comfortable way of linking a new word to its meaning (namely, its foreign
equivalent) without allowing the in๏ฌ‚ections to interfere.
When it happens that a single kanji has several root-word readings, each
reading will have to be learned independently as belonging to that kanji. In
fact, most of the work of linking Japanese words to kanji has already been
taken care of by the key words you learned in vol. 1, because the vast majority
of the Japanese readings will bear a direct, logical relationship to the meaning of the key word assigned there. Once a Japanese word has become โ€œsecond
natureโ€ and you no longer need to mediate its meaning with a foreign word,
the meaning-writing associations established with foreign key words will
adjust themselves as a matter of course.
There is, however, one complication whichโ€”if it is any consolationโ€”is as
much a headache and a fascination to the Japanese as it will be to you. A good
number of kun-yomi can be written with more than one kanji, each giving a
slight change in meaning. Though writers frequently extend this principle ad
libitum, the o๏ฌƒcial โ€œgeneral-useโ€ list is less tolerant. An example, admittedly
an extreme one, will make the point. The Japanese word ใจใ‚‹ uses at least 10
characters to capture its variety of nuances, 5 of them (marked here with a *)
belonging to the general-use list, and most of them have other Japanese readings as well. By appending the in๏ฌ‚ection ใ‚‹ to any of the kanji below, the reading ใจใ‚‹ is possible, but with a di๏ฌ€erent connotation each time:
ๆ‘‚ to take in; absorb; take the place of
็ฒ to catch (๏ฌsh or game)
็ฉซ to harvest (a crop from the ๏ฌelds)
* ๆŽก to pluck (as fruit from a tree)
* ๆ’ฎ to take (photos)
* ๅŸท to take control of, manage
* ๅ– to take and hold on to (not throwing away)
็›— to take (what belongs to another); steal
* ๆ• to take hold of ๏ฌrmly; grasp
้Œฒ to record; take down
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
| 291
Distinguishing these various uses of the word ใจใ‚‹ is not something to be
learned by brute memory. If you wish to study it later, there are dictionaries
enough to supply you with the necessary information. For now it is best to wait
for these distinctions to appear in your reading, as they eventually will.
preparing flash cards
If you wish to continue using the ๏ฌ‚ash cards you made for drilling the kanji in
Lesson 5 of vol. 1, a procedure I highly recommend,1 it will help to know a bit
more about how the relevant Indexes are laid out and to give some thought to
the most e๏ฌƒcient way of using the remaining space on your cards. Let us begin
with a sample design completely ๏ฌ lled in:
a/a The asterisk (*) on the front indicates that the kanji has a kun-yomi
that does not require any in๏ฌ‚ection. In this case it is the word ใพใ‚‹,
meaning a circle.
ไธธ
b
ใ„
c
ใ‚ใ‚‹
d
b
c
a
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
ใพใ‚‹ใ„
round
ใพใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
to make round
ใพใ‚‹
circle; entirety
a
โ˜…
h
round
nine . . . a drop of [3]
ๅผพไธธๅˆ—่ปŠ
nโ€“34
g
i
e
j
iโ€“44
f
e
ใ ใ‚“ใŒใ‚“ใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚ƒ
g
hโ€“3417
bullet train
f
iiโ€“1861
b/b The ใ„ on front indicates a root-word to which the in๏ฌ‚ection ใ„ is
c/c added. The complete word, given on the back, is ใพใ‚‹ใ„ together with
its meaning, round. The same holds for the ใ‚ใ‚‹.
d
The katakana ใ‚ฌใƒณ at the top of the back indicates the on-yomi of the
kanji.
e/e The compound (s) at the bottom illustrate(s) the on-yomi.
1. I have prepared a set of these ๏ฌ‚ash cards designed more or less like the example above:
Kanji Study Cards (Tokyo: Japan Publications Trading Co., 2004, 7th printing).
292 | remembering the kanji 2
f/f
The number on the bottom right of the front indicates the frame
number in which the kanji appeared in vol. 1, in which the writing
and reading of the character was explained. The number in the same
position on the back indicates the frame number in vol. 2.
g/g The numbers on the front and back bottom left cross-reference the
character to The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary
(Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1997) and Jack Halpernโ€™s New JapaneseEnglish Character Dictionary (Tokyo: Kenkyลซsha, 1990).
h
The bold-type word set between the horizontal lines on the back of
the card indicates the key word assigned to the kanji in vol. 1.
i
The inverted, italicized text gives the primitive elements and number
of strokes of the character.
j
The meaning of the exemplary compound.
To ๏ฌ ll out a card or group of cards, follow these steps:
1. Go to Index v and look up the entry corresponding to the number f.
Inscribe the kun-yomi indicated there at locations aโ€“c on the back of
your card. If there is some particular reason for learning the meaning(s)
of the kun-yomi at this time, consult a dictionary before ๏ฌ lling them in.
Otherwise, leave those areas blank until the word turns up and you need
to learn it.
2. In the same entry, you will find a number corresponding to the first
appearance of an on-yomi for the kanji in question. Look it up and ๏ฌ ll in
items d,e, and e.
3. If there is an internal cross-reference number in the frame, check it for
additional Chinese readings and add them in the same way.
Th is may be the fastest way to ๏ฌ ll in your cards, but you are left with the
problem of how to review. Merely by looking at the kanji on the card you cannot know which kun-yomi you need to drill and which can be passed over for
the time being. You will have to include some small mark on the front alongside each kun-yomi you wish to learn or review. Alternatively you can follow
these 4 steps to enter new words as you meet them:
1. Look up the Japanese word in Index iv. (If it is not there, the word has
not been assigned characters in the โ€œgeneral-use list.โ€)
2. On the corresponding ๏ฌ‚ash card add the new kun-yomi and all the onyomi and exemplary compounds (if you have not already done so).
3. Consult a dictionary to con๏ฌ rm the meaning of the new kun-yomi and
๏ฌll it in accordingly.
4. Set the card aside for drill, together with any other cards whose con-
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
| 293
tents have been completely ๏ฌ lled in. To facilitate adding more kun-yomi
later, you will ๏ฌnd it helpful to keep the cards separated in groups from
1โ€“100, 101โ€“200, etc. as we did in vol. 1. After you have acquired a sizeable
number of cards for drill, you will have to set up for yourself a routine
for drilling (a) from meaning to writing, (b) from exemplary compound
to on-yomi, and (c) from in๏ฌ‚ected kanji to kun-yomi. If you worked your
way faithfully through vol. 1, you may feel that there is no longer any
need for the ๏ฌrst drill. In that case I recommend that you drill the writing directly from the hiragana kun-yomi on back.
primitive phonemes
Unlike the primitive elements of vol. 1 and the signal primitives of this book,
the primitive phonemes presented in the present section are not intended for
use as far as possible, but only as far as necessary. They have been designed as
a crutch to help you with words that cause you di๏ฌƒculty. This means that you
should not apply them retroactively to words you already know, nor should
you use them to learn masses of new vocabulary isolated from the context of
your reading or conversation.
Accordingly, the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes displayed below
should not be slavishly memorized but only consulted when needed. Once you
have studied the examples that follow and experimented with the method on
your own, you should be able to determine how best to make use of it or to
alter it for your own purposes.
What you must take a moment out to memorize before going any further
is the 11-syllable โ€œa-b-cโ€ that will enable you to ๏ฌ nd your way around Japanese dictionaries and word-lists arranged in dictionary-order like those of this
chapter and the Indexes. Carry it around with you on a slip of paper and run
it through your mind again and again if you must, but do not let another day
go by without learning it:2
ใ‚ใƒปใ‹ใƒปใ•ใƒปใŸใƒปใชใƒปใฏใƒปใพใƒปใ‚„ใƒปใ‚‰ใƒปใ‚ใƒปใ‚“
The table below uses a combination of on-yomi and kun-yomi, indicated in the
pronunciation column by katakana and hiragana respectively. These are followed by the voiced or โ€œmuddiedโ€ sounds (see frame 1889), lengthened syllables, and ๏ฌnally diphthongs.
2. A simple mnemonic device to simplify the learning of this sequence can be found in
my Remembering the Kana (Honolulu:University of Hawaiโ€˜i Press, 2006), beginning at the
end of Lesson 2 of the Hiragana.
294 | remembering the kanji 2
primary phonemes
ไบœ
ใ‚ข
sub-; below
ไบ•
ใ„
a well
ๅฏ
ใ†
hare; rabbit
ๆฑŸ
ใˆ
stream; rivulet
ๅฐพ
ใŠ
tail
่šŠ
ใ‹
mosquito
ๆœจ
ใ
tree
็นฐ
ใ (ใ‚‹)
to spin; reel up
ๆฏ›
ใ‘
hair; fur
ๅญ
ใ“
child
ๅˆบ
ใ• (ใ™)
to prick; stab
ๆญป
ใ— (ใฌ)
to die
ๅทฃ
ใ™
nest
็€ฌ
ใ›
shoals; torrent
ๆŸ“
ใ (ใ‚ใ‚‹)
to dye; stain
ไป–
ใŸ
another (person)
ๅƒ
ใก
1,000
ๆดฅ
ใค
harbor
ๆ‰‹
ใฆ
hand
ๆˆธ
ใจ
door
่œ
ใช
vegetables
่ท
ใซ
luggage; bags
็ธซ
ใฌ (ใ†)
to sew
ๆ น
ใญ
roots
้‡Ž
ใฎ
๏ฌeld; plains
ๆญฏ
ใฏ
tooth
็ซ
ใฒ
๏ฌre
ๅน
ใต (ใ)
to blow
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
ๆธ›
ใธ (ใ‚‹)
to dwindle; shrink
ๅธ†
ใป
a sail
้–“
ใพ
a room
ๅฎŸ
ใฟ
fruit; nut; berry
่’ธ
ใ‚€ (ใ™)
to steam
็›ฎ
ใ‚
eye
ๅ–ช
ใ‚‚
mourning
็Ÿข
ใ‚„
arrow
ๆนฏ
ใ‚†
hot water
้…”
ใ‚ˆ (ใ†)
to get drunk
่ฃธ
ใƒฉ
nude
็—ข
ใƒช
diarrhea
็•™
ใƒซ
stopover; abroad
็คผ
ใƒฌ (ใ‚ค)
a bow; curtsey
ๅ‘‚
ใƒญ
backbone
่ผช
ใ‚
a wheel
ๅคฉ
(ใƒ†) ใƒณ
heavens
voiced phonemes
็”ป
ใ‚ฌ
painting
็Š 
ใ‚ฎ
animal sacri๏ฌce
ๅ…ท
ใ‚ฐ
tool
ไธ‹
ใ‚ฒ
downwards
็ข
ใ‚ด
checkers
ๅบง
ใ‚ถ
a seat
่ทฏ
ใ˜
a path
ๅ›ณ
ใ‚บ
a map
ๆ˜ฏ
ใ‚ผ
adjusted
่ฑก
ใ‚พ (ใ‚ฆ)
elephant
| 295
296 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆŠฑ
ใ  (ใ)
to embrace
ๅ‡บ
ใง (ใ‚‹)
to leave; depart
้€€
ใฉ (ใ‘ใ‚‹)
to remove; set aside
ๅ ด
ใฐ
a place; spot
้ผป
ใƒ“
a nose
ๆ‰“
ใถ (ใค)
to beat; slap
่พบ
ใƒ™
vicinity
็ฐฟ
ใƒœ
notebook
long vowels
ๅคš
ใŠใŠ (ใ„)
many
ๅ‡
ใ“ใŠ (ใ‚‹)
to freeze
่ƒŒ
ใ›ใ„
height; stature
้€š
ใจใŠ (ใ‚‹)
to pass through
่จญ
ใ‚‚ใ† (ใ‘ใ‚‹)
to set up; establish
ๅค•
ใ‚†ใ†
night
่‹ฑๅ›ฝ
ใ‚จใ‚ค (ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ)
England
็ฉบๆธฏ
ใ‚ฏใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ)
airport
่ญฆๅฏŸ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค (ใ‚ตใƒ„)
policeman
ๆžข่ปธ
ใ‚นใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ)
axle
ๅฅใ™ใ‚‹
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ (ใ™ใ‚‹)
to perform music
ไบค้€š
(ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ) ใƒ„ใ‚ฆ
tra๏ฌƒc
ๅ‘ˆใ™ใ‚‹
ใƒ†ใ‚ค (ใ™ใ‚‹)
to make a present of
ไธๅฏง
(ใƒ†ใ‚ค) ใƒใ‚ค
courtesy
่„ณ
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
brain
ๅฐใ˜ใ‚‹
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆ (ใ˜ใ‚‹)
to seal a letter
็ด™ๅผŠ
(ใ‚ท) ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
paper money
ๅฅ‰ใšใ‚‹
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ (ใšใ‚‹)
to dedicate
ๅ‘ฝใ˜ใ‚‹
ใƒกใ‚ค (ใ˜ใ‚‹)
to give commands to
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
่ฆใ™ใ‚‹
ใƒจใ‚ฆ (ใ™ใ‚‹)
to need
ๅฅด้šท
ใƒ‰
( ) ใƒฌใ‚ค
a slave
่€ไบบ
ใƒญใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ธใƒณ)
old man
็ฅžๅฎฎ
(ใ‚ธใƒณ) ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
Shinto shrine
่Šธ่€…
ใ‚ฒใ‚ค (ใ‚ทใƒฃ)
geisha
ๅท
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
nickname
็จŽ้‡‘
ใ‚ผใ‚ค (ใ‚ญใƒณ)
taxes
ๅ†ท่”ตๅบซ
(ใƒฌใ‚ค) ใ‚พใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ณ)
refrigerator
ๆณฅๅœŸ
ใƒ‡ใ‚ค ใƒ‰
( )
mud
ๅ ‚
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
public hall
็ฑณๅ›ฝ
ใƒ™ใ‚ค (ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ)
u. s. a.
ๅธฝๅญ
ใƒœใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ท)
hat; cap
diphthongs
ๅทจไบบ
ใ‚ญใƒง (ใ‚ธใƒณ)
giant
ๅ†™็œŸ
ใ‚ทใƒฃ (ใ‚ทใƒณ)
pictograph
ๆด‹้…’
(ใƒจใ‚ฆ) ใ‚ทใƒฅ
booze
็ฝฒๅ
ใ‚ทใƒง (ใƒกใ‚ค)
a signature
่Œถ
ใƒใƒฃ
tea
่‘—่€…
ใƒใƒง (ใ‚ทใƒฃ)
author
่™œๅ›š
ใƒชใƒง (ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ)
captive
ๆผๆฅญ
ใ‚ฎใƒง (ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ)
๏ฌshing
็ง’
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
second (of time)
้‚ช
ใ‚ธใƒฃ
malice; evil
ๅ„’ๅญฆ่€…
ใ‚ธใƒฅ (ใ‚ฌใ‚ฐใ‚ทใƒฃ)
Confucian scholar
ๅพ่กŒใ™ใ‚‹
ใ‚ธใƒง (ใ‚ณใ‚ฆใ™ใ‚‹)
to slow down
ๆ€ฅ
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
steep
ๆฑไบฌ
ใƒˆ
( ใ‚ฆ) ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
Tokyo
| 297
298 | remembering the kanji 2
ไฟฎ้“้™ข
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ (ใ‚คใƒณ)
monastery
็งฐใ™ใ‚‹
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ (ใ™ใ‚‹)
to tag; name
้ง่ปŠๅ ด
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ (ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ)
parking lot
็™ฝ้ณฅ
(ใƒใ‚ฏ) ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
swan
็‰›ไนณ
(ใ‚ฎใƒฅใ‚ฆ) ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ฆ
milk
ๅฐฟ
ใƒ‹ใƒงใ‚ฆ
urine
่ฉ•ใ™ใ‚‹
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ (ใ™ใ‚‹)
criticize
ๅฆ™
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
exquisite
็ซœ
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
dragon
ๅฏฎ
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
dormitory
ไบบๅฝข
(ใƒ‹ใƒณ) ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
puppet
ๅ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ten
ๅฌข
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
young girl
Before passing on to examples of how the above Syllabary of Primitive
Phonemes can serve as a mnemonics, there are a couple of points worth noting carefully as you look over the list.
To begin with, there are 3 cases with no character-reading corresponding
to a monosyllabic sound. To compensate for this, kanji with diphthongs were
chosen and the additional syllable repressed (and set in parentheses).
Secondly, not all possible diphthongs have been included. You may supplement the list or simply break the diphthong up into its composite parts. (For
instance, the phoneme ใ‚Šใ‚… may be reduced to the syllables ใ‚Š and ใ‚†.)
Finally, where a compound was used to represent a phoneme, the meaning
derives from the entire compound rather than from any of its parts. In some
cases this means learning a new word, but never a useless one.
the mnemonics at work
The method of memorization based on the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes consists of relating the conglomerate of meanings of the syllabary to
the English meaning of the word in the same way that conglomerates of primitive elements were related to English key words in vol. 1. Without repeating
what was said there, a few illustrative examples should make the point.
We begin with a simple example:
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
| 299
ๅผพ bullet ใŸใพ
The relationship indicated by the solid arrow was established in vol. 1.
What remains is to move through the second, white arrow , replacing the
English key word with a Japanese word.
Begin with the speci๏ฌc connotation of the English word, which we shall
take to be โ€œa bullet fired from a gun.โ€ Next we consult the Syllabary of
Primitive Phonemes, where we discover that ใŸ means another (person) and
ใพmeans room. Finally, we relate the elements imaginatively: Picture yourself
sitting in bed, pistol in hand, shooting bullets through the wall and into the
next room, where another person is busily scurrying about collecting the lead
and melting it down into new bullets which he then returns to you so you can
carry on. If you can see the wall riddled with holes, through which you can see
that other person in the next room, the picture should be complete. Of course,
you may have to learn the meaning of the words ใŸ and ใพ, but that would be
necessary in any case.
Let us consider another new word:
ๅข“ grave ใฏใ‹
First picture a speci๏ฌc grave that you know. The primitive phonemes we
have to work with are ใฏ (tooth) and ใ‹ (mosquito). Now exhume the contents
of the grave in memory, turn back the lid on the co๏ฌƒ n, and discover a smiling corpse, completely intact except for the fact that it has mosquitoes buzzing
about in the hollow in its mouth where the teeth used to be. (Or, alternatively,
you might picture the corpse of a giant mosquito smiling through its large,
white teeth.)
Here is yet another two-syllable word:
็ตน silk ใใฌ
The primitive phonemes ใ and ใฌ give us the images tree and sewing to work
with. Picture yourself sewing a kimono for the Statue of Liberty by using a tree
trunk for a needle, and silk thread the thickness of a lumberjackโ€™s rope.
The same procedure can be applied to in๏ฌ‚ected words like this one:
ๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ to add ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
The component phonemes ใ and ใ‚ yield the meanings spinning and wheel.
The word in question may be taken in its transitive or intransitive, or active
or passive, form, which is determined in any case by the hiragana in๏ฌ‚ection.
Let the special connotation be the addition of numbers inside oneโ€™s head with
a complicated set of cogged wheels, out๏ฌtted with levers and catches galore,
spinning at high speed to calculate the fact that 1 + 1 = 3.
300 | remembering the kanji 2
ๆป…ใผใ™ to destroy ใปใ‚ใผใ™
Paint yourself a picture in your mindโ€™s eye as vivid as the phantom ship in
Coleridgeโ€™s โ€œRhyme of the Ancient Mariner.โ€ See the ghosts and demons and
goblins ๏ฌ‚ying kites stretched with human skin and tailed with backbones, ๏ฌ‚uttering gently in the breezeโ€”a portrait of destruction.
Still within the compass of the key words of vol. 1, notice how the same
word can have two meaningsโ€”and kanjiโ€”and hence require di๏ฌ€erent stories
built up of the same primitive phonemes:
ๅกฉ salt ใ—ใŠ
ๆฝฎ tide ใ—ใŠ
The common phonemes are ใ— (die) and ใŠ (tail). If we were obliged to
proceed from the word to the meaning we would be in trouble; but since we
are learning the readings of the kanji, the duplication does not pose any great
problem. In the ๏ฌrst case, you may picture salt in its function as a ritual puri๏ฌer in a sumล bout in which one of the wrestlers has been done in. The surviving wrestler takes out a salt-shaker and sprinkles the tail of a horse, which
begins to wave its rear parts over the dead wrestlerโ€ฆ. And for the second, picture a morning tide of tails washing ashore, a death omen to the surrounding
inhabitants.
Lastly, we need to see how an entry in the Syllabary of Primitive Phonemes may also be used by itself to represent a word composed of only that
sound (minus the in๏ฌ‚ection). Here is an example:
ๅผตใ‚‹ to lengthen ใฏใ‚‹
ใฏ, we recall from an earlier example, means tooth. Imagine that you, like
beavers and rats and squirrels, have teeth that grow beyond the size of your
mouth so that you must constantly be gnawing at something to keep them
short. And so you chew away at your desk, your bed, the living room furniture,
and most of your house, until one bright morning you discover the cause: you
had been using a special toothpaste called Lengthen which you mistakenly
supposed was intended to give your teeth a โ€œlonger life.โ€
We may conclude this introduction to the use of the Syllabary of Primary Phonemes with a drill of kun-yomi. You should have no trouble in any
of them if you take your time.
้ฌผ
ๆตฎใ
ไนใ—ใ„
ๆ ช
devil ใŠใซ
to ๏ฌ‚oat ใ†ใ
destitute ใจใผใ—ใ„
stocks ใ‹ใถ
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
็ฒ˜ใ‚‹
ๅฅฝใ‚€
| 301
to be sticky ใญใฐใ‚‹
to be fond of ใ“ใฎใ‚€
So far all the meanings have been consistent with the key words learned in
vol. 1. If this is not the caseโ€”or, as happens more often, if the meaning shifts
to a related meaning not covered by the key wordโ€”you should not bother adding a second key word to that already learned. It was enough that a single English key word helped you remember how to write the kanji. From here on in,
you will have to do what the Japanese themselves do to broaden their knowledge of a given kanji: read as much as you can, look up everything you do not
understand, and use what you look up as often as you can.
You may be wondering whether these new primitive meanings and their
stories will not confuse what you already learned in vol. 1. Not to worry. For
one thing, most of the meanings assigned to the primitive phonemes did not
appear in the ๏ฌrst book. For another, the mnemonics described in this chapter
is a deliberately short-lived device that is soon let go of once you have begun to
use the word in question and to associate it with the object, activity, or quality in your experience that it speaks to. The stories learned in the earlier book,
however, will last at least until you have become comfortable with the Chinese
and Japanese pronunciations of those kanji and begun to compose with them
in Japanese. An example may help.
Let us say you meet the word for โ€œhalo,โ€ whose Japanese pronunciation and
kanji are both new to you and both of which you are determined to learn. The
following scheme illustrates the two steps you must go through:
ๆšˆ
ๆ—ฅ sun
่ป army
ใ‹ใ•
ใ‹ mosquito
ใ• stab
All of this you can ๏ฌgure out by consulting a dictionary and applying what
you learned in vol. 1 and in this chapter. The association between the English
word halo and the Japanese word ใ‹ใ• is supplied at ๏ฌrst by the primitive phonemes, and then laterโ€”as you begin to use the wordโ€”by the context of your
thinking and speech. Because you will ๏ฌ nd yourself writing the kanji rather
infrequently, the story you make to relate sun and army to its writing can be
expected to last much, much longer.
There is one more reason why the meanings of the primitive phonemes and
the primitive elements are not likely to cause you confusion, and this brings
us to the ๏ฌnal step in our mnemonics for the Japanese readings. As mentioned
in passing, not only the Syllabary of Primary Phonemes but any Japanese
word can be used as a sound-and-meaning unit to learn other words. In fact,
the more words you learn, the easier it becomes to dispense with the short syllables used in the earlier examples.
302 | remembering the kanji 2
Say you have already learned the word ใธใ‚Š (็ธ), meaning the hem or frill of
a garment. And let us suppose also that you learned the word by playing with
the phonemes for shrinking (ใธ) and diarrhea (ใƒช). We will further assume that
you know the word ใใ ใ‚‹ (ไธ‹ใ ใ‚‹), meaning to lower, which you ๏ฌrst memorized by combining the phonemes for spinning (ใ) and embracing (ใ ).
Now when you meet the frightening words ใธใ‚Šใใ ใ‚‹ (่ฌ™ใ‚‹), there is no need
to break it up into syllables since you already have two parts, hem and lowering which are most convenient for remembering the meaning of the word: to
humble oneself.
There is, of course, always the possibility that you will want to learn a word
via these larger phonemes even though you were not previously acquainted
with them. Take the word ใฒใ–ใพใฅใ (่ทชใ), meaning kneel down. Even though
you know that ใพ means room and ใคใmeans attached to, the syllable ใฒใ– is
new. You look it up to discover that it means lap. The etymological connection is too tempting to pass over, so you learn the new phoneme ใฒใ– together
with the original word rather than break it up into its component parts. Th is
procedure is one you will no doubt ๏ฌnd yourself using more and more as your
vocabulary increases and you develop a greater appetite for new words.
To exercise the principles explained in the last few paragraphs, try your
hand at the following ๏ฌve words before reading any further:
็›ฒ
ๆฒˆใ‚€
่“„ใˆใ‚‹
้‰›
ๅ”†ใ‹ใ™
blindness ใ‚ใใ‚‰
to sink ใ—ใšใ‚€
to store up ใŸใใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
lead (the metal) ใชใพใ‚Š
to tempt ใใใฎใ‹ใ™
Though these are not the only possibilities, you might have used the following new words to learn those just treated:
ๅ€‰
storehouse ใใ‚‰
ๆก‘
mulberry bush ใใ‚
็”Ÿ
raw ใชใพ
ๅœ’
garden ใใฎ
concluding remarks
With that, the mnemonics for the kun-yomi is complete and only remains to
be perfected in the practice. But perhaps you are still pestered by the thought:
Why not present the whole range of Japanese readings, building up from sim-
a mnemonics for the japanese readings
| 303
ple elements to the more complex, in the same way the writing of the kanji was
taught in vol. 1?
Lay the thought to rest once and for all. For one thing, by the time you
have reached this page, you will already have at least 2,000 words in tow. To
force those words back into a systematic relearning for the sake of another few
thousand words seems highly ine๏ฌƒcient. A second and more convincing reason is that the habit of isolating vocabulary from the rest of language simply in
order to learn new words is a bad one to get into with any language, whether
native or acquired. Learning to write the kanji presented a special problem that
required a special solution: sticking our nose so close to the written form that
virtually everything else was lost from view. Learning to pronounce the kanji
requires another approach, more like keeping a ๏ฌrm ๏ฌnger on systematic study
methods while still being able to look up and see the total picture. There is
much to be gained by a methodical approach like that outlined in these pages.
But when all is said and done, ๏ฌ‚uent reading and composition is a matter of
alert and sustained devotion to the language.
Indexes
index i
Signal Primitives
The following list contains all the signal primitives used in this book,
arranged according to number of strokes and primary reading. The numbers refer to the frames in which a given primitive ๏ฌgures. As explained in
the text, these primitives do not necessarily coincide with the primitive elements treated in vol. 1.
2็”ป
ๅ‡ 
ไบŒ
ๅŠ
530โ€“31
233โ€“35
185โ€“87
3็”ป
ๅทฅ
ๅทฑ
ๅนฒ
ๆ‰
ๅฃซ
ไน‡
ไบก
ๅ‡ก
ไนŸ
ๅŒ–
114โ€“21
1226โ€“32
1269โ€“75
1516โ€“19
140โ€“43
458โ€“59
1182โ€“87
342โ€“43
1287โ€“91
1008โ€“13
ๆ”ฏ
ๆฐ
ๅ‡
ๅฐ‘
ๅ†
ๅŒ
1276โ€“80
824โ€“26
ๅ…„
ๅœฃ
ๅ…ƒ
็Ž„
ๅค
ๅบƒ
ๅทฆ
ไน
ๅธ
ๅฒ
ๅธ‚
ๅคฑ
1246โ€“52
่ˆ‡
376โ€“77
860โ€“62
ไธป
ๅฌ
็”ณ
ๆญฃ
็”Ÿ
1331โ€“37
914โ€“16
510โ€“11
1407โ€“15
887โ€“89
454โ€“55
่ˆ›
524โ€“25
ไธญ
ๅฃฌ
ๅ
ๆฏ”
ๅคซ
ๅˆ†
ๆ–‡
ๆ–น
ๆฏ›
ไบˆ
57โ€“60
4็”ป
็‰™
ไป‹
ๆฐ”
ๅ‡ถ
ๅŒบ
ไบข
ๅ…ฌ
1402โ€“6
902โ€“4
1233โ€“41
346โ€“47
1309โ€“20
803โ€“5
1506โ€“9
5็”ป
221โ€“23
1481โ€“84
691โ€“95
122โ€“26
908โ€“10
848โ€“50
1376โ€“79
677โ€“84
144โ€“67
1204โ€“9
1281โ€“86
1264โ€“68
่ˆŽ
1416โ€“17
105โ€“9
ๆ—ฆ
ๆฐ
715โ€“19
153โ€“56
่…ฎ
780โ€“83
224โ€“26
504โ€“5
148โ€“52
269โ€“71
89โ€“94
166โ€“69
1418โ€“25
1292โ€“94
304โ€“5
ๅŠฆ
450โ€“51
ๅˆ‘
ๅœญ 1384โ€“89
836โ€“38
็“œ
671โ€“76
ไบค
่‰ฎ 1396โ€“1401
69โ€“73
่‚ฉ
818โ€“20
ๆญค
ๆ—จ
ๅฏบ
ๆฌก
ๅฎˆ
ๆœฑ
ๅทž
ๆ—ฌ
ๆˆ
่ˆŒ
ๅ…ˆ
272โ€“74
95โ€“100
284โ€“86
756โ€“59
438โ€“39
1242โ€“45
1345โ€“50
685โ€“90
6็”ป
704โ€“9
827โ€“29
่„น
่…ธ
821โ€“23
ๅคฎ
ๅŠ 
ๅฏ
ๅทจ
830โ€“32
896โ€“98
็šฎ
ๅฟ…
ไป˜
ๅธƒ
ไธ™
ๅŒ…
ๆœซ
ๆœช
ๆฐ‘
็Ÿ›
็”ฑ
ไปค
788โ€“90
380โ€“81
866โ€“68
1215โ€“20
191โ€“93
1178โ€“81
528โ€“29
ๅˆ‡
ไธ”
ไปฃ
ๅฐ
ๆฐธ
194โ€“96
1470โ€“74
298โ€“99
ๅฅด
็™ฝ
ๅŠ
ๅฎ‰
ๅ› 
ไผš
ไบฅ
ๅ„
ๅ‰
ๅ…ฑ
784โ€“87
410โ€“11
720โ€“24
740โ€“43
522โ€“23
287โ€“89
1433โ€“40
666โ€“70
516โ€“17
182โ€“84
257โ€“59
372โ€“73
1174โ€“77
1500โ€“5
245โ€“47
314โ€“15
่‚ช
1259โ€“63
905โ€“7
ๅฃฎ
ไบ‰
ๅ…†
ๅ……
ๅŒ
ไผ
ๅนถ
260โ€“62
382โ€“5
1535โ€“38
1351โ€“59
878โ€“80
1194โ€“98
290โ€“92
833โ€“35
1168โ€“73
917โ€“19
1162โ€“67
316โ€“17
929โ€“31
308 | index i: signal primitives
ๆฏŽ
ๅ
็พŠ
ๅˆ—
1302โ€“8
350โ€“51
1449โ€“57
768โ€“71
7็”ป
่ƒ„
่ˆ—
1390โ€“95
484โ€“85
่‚ฑ
1210โ€“14
ๅฎ˜
ๅฅ‡
ๅ…ถ
ๅฑˆ
127โ€“30
่ˆŒ
่†ฉ
่ˆ‚
296โ€“97
ไพ–
899โ€“901
218โ€“19
9็”ป
1253โ€“58
302โ€“3
404โ€“5
131โ€“36
791โ€“93
้Ÿณ 1299โ€“1301
215โ€“17
ๅ’ผ
378โ€“79
็š†
392โ€“93
ๅฅ
776โ€“79
็ฆบ
่ป 1520โ€“23
406โ€“7
ๅปบ
408โ€“9
็œŒ
863โ€“65
ๅ›บ
ๅฒก
้‡‡
ๅ‚
่ˆŽ
่€…
ๅ–
ๅ—
ๅ‘จ
ๅ”
ๆ˜Œ
่ˆ
416โ€“17
่„พ
1338โ€“44
่’
่Œฒ
็ง‹
็›พ
ไน—
ๅ’ผ
ๅ‘Š
ไฝ™
่‚–
926โ€“28
736โ€“39
่‡Ÿ
248โ€“50
1510โ€“15
ๅž‚
ๅˆถ
้’
่ˆ
่พฐ
ๆŸ
่ถณ
็”ฌ
ๅ‘ˆ
ๅปท
่ฑ†
ๆˆ‘
ๆˆ’
ๅด
ๆฑ‚
ๅ›
็ณป
ๅพ
ๅ‘‰
ๅญ
ๆ›ด
338โ€“39
386โ€“87
428โ€“29
230โ€“32
845โ€“47
872โ€“74
85โ€“88
200โ€“2
869โ€“71
794โ€“96
242โ€“44
498โ€“99
911โ€“13
1360โ€“69
1466โ€“69
364โ€“65
1531โ€“34
1295โ€“98
308โ€“9
344โ€“45
494โ€“95
536โ€“37
้‡
ๅฐž
348โ€“49
่ˆ
442โ€“43
่‚บ
162โ€“65
61โ€“64
1426โ€“32
่‚ด
710โ€“14
356โ€“57
236โ€“38
่ˆ…
324โ€“25
ๅฅ‰
ๆ”พ
ๆœ‹
ๅฎ“
ๆ˜Ž
797โ€“99
็•
ๆ‰
ๆŸ
ๅ†’
744โ€“47
1489โ€“93
้ž
่กจ
่‹—
508โ€“9
354โ€“55
่ˆ˜
่‰ฏ
890โ€“92
8็”ป
ๆžœ
760โ€“63
300โ€“1
293โ€“95
่…‹
310โ€“11
496โ€“97
396โ€“97
้–“
ๅนพ
ๅ–ฌ
ๆ•ฌ
้›‡
800โ€“2
398โ€“99
352โ€“53
12 ็”ป
696โ€“703
ๅฟ
็”ซ
ๅค†
่ฐท
ๅˆฉ
526โ€“27
434โ€“35
893โ€“95
่ˆฌ
่Žซ
ๅฎน
่ˆ‰
360โ€“61
206โ€“8
136โ€“39
462โ€“63
ๆ˜”
ๅฟฉ
็Ÿฅ
็›ด
้•ท
ๅฎš
ๆฑ
ๅˆฐ
1326โ€“30
332โ€“33
่‰
502โ€“3
ๆณ‰
็›ธ
ๅ‰‡
ไบญ
่ฒž
ๆ˜ฏ
ๅธ
ๅบฆ
่…
ๅ‘
212โ€“14
157โ€“61
1485โ€“88
1494โ€“99
1441โ€“48
412โ€“13
174โ€“77
772โ€“75
215โ€“17
730โ€“35
65โ€“68
่†ค
1188โ€“93
312โ€“13
374โ€“75
362โ€“63
้คž
1321โ€“25
430โ€“31
881โ€“83
254โ€“56
764โ€“67
้ซ˜
ๅ†“
้ชจ
ๅฐ„
ๅพ“
ๅฎฟ
ๅฐ†
็œŸ
ๅฐ‚
ๅ€‰
ๅธฏ
็•œ
ๅ”
482โ€“83
1524โ€“30
460โ€“61
้ƒท
281โ€“83
414โ€“15
251โ€“53
920โ€“22
่‰™
275โ€“77
209โ€“11
400โ€“1
188โ€“90
748โ€“51
839โ€“41
418โ€“19
842โ€“44
336โ€“37
809โ€“11
่‰˜
10 ็”ป
่‰š
็”š
306โ€“7
้Ÿ‹
ๅ“ก
่ข
ๅฎถ
ๅฎณ
ๆ—ข
1221โ€“26
็ซ 
่ฒฌ
ๆ›ฝ
ๆ›น
ๅ•‡
ๅ‹•
็ฅจ
้บป
ๆ›ผ
ๅ…ผ 1199โ€“2003
812โ€“14
ๅŽŸ
500โ€“1
1475โ€“80
424โ€“25
875โ€“77
78โ€“84
725โ€“29
้ƒŽ
263โ€“65
266โ€“68
464โ€“65
468โ€“69
170โ€“73
422โ€“23
506โ€“7
368โ€“69
1380โ€“83
472โ€“73
่ˆ’
456โ€“57
้“
ๆ™ฎ
่ณ
่
514โ€“15
923โ€“25
326โ€“27
470โ€“71
478โ€“79
11 ็”ป
520โ€“21
่ƒƒ
็„ฆ
่ฑก
ๅ–„
็„ถ
ๆœ
492โ€“93
884โ€“86
932โ€“34
512โ€“13
488โ€“89
486โ€“87
440โ€“41
330โ€“31
466โ€“67
343โ€“5
340โ€“41
197โ€“99
322โ€“23
239โ€“41
13 ็”ป
ๆ„
854โ€“56
358โ€“59
้ค 
402โ€“3
่’ฆ
857โ€“59
320โ€“21
ๅฐ‰
้ป„
่ฒซ
388โ€“89
390โ€“91
ๆ„Ÿ
518โ€“19
่‡ผ
178โ€“81
่ƒก
752โ€“55
่ˆˆ
394โ€“95
1370โ€“75
74โ€“77
532โ€“33
็พฉ
็ฆ
446โ€“47
436โ€“37
่ˆ–
474โ€“75
็ซŸ
็ฅญ
ๅญฐ
432โ€“33
534โ€“35
ๆ˜“
่ฆ
370โ€“71
้คฌ
426โ€“27
278โ€“80
203โ€“5
806โ€“8
476โ€“77
index i: signal primitives
่ฒ‡
420โ€“21
่†Š
101โ€“4
ๅ–ฟ
่พฒ
่พŸ
่ทฏ
227โ€“9
14 ็”ป
15 ็”ป
็–‘
815โ€“17
่”ต
490โ€“91
444โ€“45
ๅฏŸ
452โ€“53
ๆšด
318โ€“19
851โ€“53
้œ€
366โ€“67
ๆ†‚
480โ€“81
448โ€“49
ๅพด
328โ€“29
| 309
index ii
Kanji
The following list contains all the kanji treated in vol. 1, grouped by the
number of strokes and ordered according to standard dictionary โ€œradicals.โ€ The number following the kanji refers to the ๏ฌrst frame in which
that character appears in that volume. Index v provides a cross-reference
to the present volume.
1็”ป
ไธ€
1
ไน™
71
2็”ป
ไบบ
ๅ
45
ๅฏธ
105
ๅฐ
ๅฑฑ 768
127
ๅท
76
ๅทฅ
525
ๅทฑ
ๅทณ 2042
ๅนฒ 1648
ๅผ“ 1231
681
ๆ‰
3็”ป
ไธ
91
ไธƒ
7
ไนƒ
686
ไน
9
ไบ†
97
ไบŒ
2
ไบบ
951
ๅ…ซ
8
ๅ…ฅ
779
ๅˆ€
83
ๅŠ›
858
ๅŒ•
444
ๅ
10
ๅˆ
696
ๅฃ
ๅฅณ
ไธ‡
ไธˆ
ไธ‰
ไธŠ
ไธ‹
ไธŽ
ไธธ
ไน…
ไน‹
ไนž
ๅญ
ไบก
ๅ‡ก
ๅˆƒ
ๅ‹บ
ๅƒ
ๅŠ
ๅฃ
ๅœŸ
ๅฃซ
ๅค•
ๅคง
ๅฅณ
64
691
3
49
50
1246
44
1016
ๅ…ซ
ๅˆ€
1214
462
4็”ป
95
485
62
84
68
40
688
11
ไบŒ
150
319
109
107
98
ไบป
ไธ 1217
ไธ‘ 2040
39
ไธญ
2038
ไธน
ไน 1215
ไบˆ 1593
757
ไบ’
5
ไบ”
1806
ไบ•
ไป 988
ไปŠ 1587
ไป‹ 250
ๅŒ•
ๅ
ๅˆ
ๅคง
ไป
ๅ…
ๅ…ƒ
ๅ…ฌ
ๅ…ญ
ๅ†…
ๅ††
ๅ†—
ๅ‡ถ
ๅˆ†
ๅˆ‡
ๅˆˆ
ๅ‹ฟ
ๅŒ
ๅŒ–
ๅŒน
ๅŒบ
ๅ‡
ๅˆ
ๅŽ„
ๅ‹
ๅŒ
ๅ
ๅŽ
ๅคฉ
964
765
59
784
6
1019
1811
ๅนบ
300
1490
781
85
1488
1049
1027
1008
1695
ๆ–—
1696
42
568
1415
704
697
722
1510
428
ๆฏ”
120
ๅคช
838
ๅคซ
96
ๅญ”
ๅฐ‘ 106
ๅฐบ 1070
ๅฑฏ 2033
ๅนป 1862
ๅปฟ 1190
ๅผ• 1232
ๅผ” 1233
595
ๅฟƒ
ๆˆธ 1076
637
ๆ‰‹
711
ๆ”ฏ
ๆ–‡ 1725
ๆ–— 1177
ๆ–ค 1125
ๆ–น 490
12
ๆ—ฅ
578
ๆ›ฐ
13
ๆœˆ
195
ๆœจ
ๆฌ  466
ๆญข 370
ๆฏ” 447
index ii: kanji
็‰‡
็Ž‹
ๆฏ›
ๆฐ
ๆฐด
็ซ
็ˆช
็ˆถ
็‰‡
็‰™
็‰›
็Šฌ
็Ž‹
1913
1828
130
727
1274
1212
1904
245
238
255
5็”ป
ไบป
ๅ†–
ๅ‡ต
ๅฃ
161
ไธ” 2034
28
ไธ–
1329
ไธ˜
ไธ™ 1020
ไธป 266
ไปฅ 1028
ไป• 960
961
ไป–
ไป˜ 1000
ไป™ 986
ไปฃ 1005
ไปค 1401
103
ๅ…„
ๅ†Š 1826
ๅ†™ 1247
ๅ†ฌ 427
ๅ‡ฆ 297
34
ๅ‡ธ
767
ๅ‡บ
33
ๅ‡น
1650
ๅˆŠ
ๅŠŸ 863
ๅŠ  867
ๅŒ… 530
ๅŒ— 445
ๅŠ 1202
48
ๅ 
ๅ›—
ๅคง
ๅทพ
ๆœจ
ๅฏ
ๅŽป
ๅค
ๅฅ
ๅช
ๅซ
ๅฌ
ๅฏ
ๅฐ
ๅท
ๅฒ
ๅณ
ๅธ
ๅ›š
ๅ››
ๅœง
ๅค–
ๅคฎ
ๅคฑ
ๅฅด
ๅฐผ
ๅทฆ
ๅทง
ๅทจ
ๅธ‚
ๅธƒ
ๅนณ
ๅนผ
ๅบ
ๅบƒ
ๅผ
ๅผ˜
ๅฟ…
ๆ‰“
ๆ‰•
ๆ–ฅ
ๆ—ฆ
ๆ—ง
ๆœช
ๆœซ
ๆœฌ
ๆœญ
2041
ๆญข
750
16
65
53
1508
86
93
744
1242
692
78
1863
็”Ÿ
1018
4
152
111
1740
845
702
1054
77
1241
856
412
็Ÿณ
405
1484
1378
591
739
่พถ
742
1234
635
ๆญฃ 379
101
ๆฏ
1834
ๆฐ‘
131
ๆฐท
132
ๆฐธ
ๆฑ 140
็“œ 1877
็Šฏ 1414
็Ž„ 1383
็Ž‰ 256
็“ฆ 1031
็”˜ 1757
็”Ÿ 1555
็”จ 1181
14
็”ฐ
็”ฑ 1105
็”ฒ 1113
็”ณ 1117
37
็™ฝ
802
็šฎ
็šฟ 1447
15
็›ฎ
1225
็Ÿ›
็Ÿข 1220
113
็Ÿณ
1086
็คบ
็คผ 1087
็ฉด 1316
431
็ซ‹
่พบ 284
่พป 279
่พผ 780
ๅ„ฟ
ๅฉ
ๅฃ
653
6็”ป
738
ๅ›—
1138
30
35
216
217
ไบ 
211
212
ไบป
ไธก
ไบ‰
ไบ˜
ไบค
ไบฅ
ไปฎ
1168
1154
32
1275
1519
966
ๅœŸ
ไปฐ
ไปฒ
ไปถ
ไปป
ไผ
ไผŠ
ไผ
ไผ
ไผ‘
ไผš
ไผ
ๅ……
ๅ…†
ๅ…ˆ
ๅ…‰
ๅ…จ
ๅ…ฑ
ๅ†
ๅˆ‘
ๅˆ—
ๅŠฃ
ๅŒ 
ๅฐ
ๅฑ
ๅ„
ๅˆ
ๅ‰
ๅŒ
ๅ
ๅŽ
ๅ
ๅ
ๅ‘
ๅธ
ๅ›ž
ๅ› 
ๅ›ฃ
ๅœจ
ๅœญ
ๅœฐ
ๅฃฎ
ๅคš
1701
ๅฅณ
956
959
1003
375
ๅญ
1161
962
ๅฎ€
994
965
752
963
ๅฏธ
761
235
248
ๅฝ
119
263
1795
ๆˆˆ
1815
679
812
ๅผ‹
862
1693
1425
1416
291
253
320
180
112
ๆœจ
1861
693
151
183
689
ๆญน
586
583
582
685
155
515
321
108
็ซ
ๅฅฝ
ๅฆ‚
ๅฆƒ
ๅฆ„
ๅญ—
ๅญ˜
ๅฎ…
ๅฎ‡
ๅฎˆ
ๅฎ‰
ๅฏบ
ๅฐฝ
ๅทž
ๅฝ“
ๅธ†
ๅนด
ๅผ
ๅผ
ๅฟ™
ๆˆ
ๆ‰ฑ
ๆ—จ
ๆ—ฉ
ๆ—ฌ
ๆ—ญ
ๆ›ฒ
่‚Œ
ๆœ‰
ๆœฑ
ๆœด
ๆœบ
ๆœฝ
ๆฌก
ๆญป
ๆฏŽ
ๆฐ—
ๆฑ
ๆฑ—
ๆฑš
ๆฑŸ
ๆฑ 
็ฏ
| 311
99
100
527
487
185
684
1916
1656
186
190
158
1071
128
1153
406
1036
353
355
618
361
690
455
26
67
27
1172
66
79
221
207
210
1243
471
815
458
1885
110
1651
1245
139
516
165
312 | index ii: kanji
่‰น
่พถ
็ฐ
็™พ
็ซน
็ฑณ
็ณธ
็ผถ
็พŠ
็พฝ
่€
่€ƒ
่€ณ
่‚‰
่‡ช
่‡ณ
่ˆŒ
่ˆŸ
่‰ฒ
่Š‹
่Š
่™ซ
่ก€
่กŒ
่กฃ
่ฅฟ
ๅทก
่ฟ…
168
38
937
919
1333
1965
ๅ„ฟ
547
573
1251
ๅ†ซ
1252
818
1022
36
753
ๅŠ›
41
1868
1753
1655
1216
ๅฉ
517
1448
873
ๅฃ
396
1602
285
280
7็”ป
ไบŒ
ไบป
ไธฒ
ไนฑ
ไบœ
ไผฏ
ไผด
ไผธ
ไผบ
ไผผ
ไฝ
ไฝŽ
ไฝ
ไฝ
603
72
ๅ›—
1809
967
1203
ๅœŸ
1118
1864
1029
955
1831
954
952
ๅฃซ
ไฝ“
ไฝ†
ไฝ•
ไฝ™
ไฝœ
ๅ…‹
ๅ…
ๅ…ต
ๅ†ท
ๅˆ
ๅˆค
ๅˆฅ
ๅˆฉ
ๅŠฉ
ๅŠช
ๅŠฑ
ๅŠด
ๅŒป
ๅณ
ๅด
ๅต
ๅ›
ๅŸ
ๅฆ
ๅซ
ๅน
ๅพ
ๅ‘‚
ๅ‘ˆ
ๅ‘‰
ๅ‘Š
ๅ›ฐ
ๅ›ฒ
ๅ›ณ
ๅ‚
ๅ‡
ๅŠ
ๅ‘
ๅฃฐ
ๅฃฑ
ๅฃฒ
ๅฆŠ
957
953
1012
1657
ๅญ
1142
104
ๅฏธ
58
1331
1404
404
1205
ๅฑฑ
90
906
ๅนฟ
1782
865
866
ๅผ“
860
1694
1462
1395
1422
1162
1589
1218
1588
ๆˆˆ
467
17
24
ๆ‰Œ
262
1897
247
579
1807
1180
723
160
492
306
1896
ๆ”ต
457
323
507
ๆœˆ
123
ๅฆ™
728
ๅฆฅ
491
ๅฆจ
1253
ๅญ
187
ๅฎŒ
1726
ๅฏพ
ๅฏฟ 1565
ๅฐพ 1915
ๅฑ€ 1066
ๅฐฟ 1053
ๅฒ 772
ๅธŒ 1489
ๅบ 1594
ๅบŠ 592
ๅปท 508
ๅผŸ 1240
ๅฝข 1711
ๅฝน 884
ๅฟŒ 599
597
ๅฟ
600
ๅฟ—
ๅฟ˜ 596
ๅฟœ 607
ๅฟซ 1642
ๆˆ‘ 640
ๆˆ’ 676
ๆˆป 1081
ๆ‰ถ 839
ๆ‰น 649
712
ๆŠ€
647
ๆŠ„
ๆŠŠ 1752
ๆŠ‘ 1700
ๆŠ• 706
ๆŠ— 648
ๆŠ˜ 1130
ๆŠœ 705
ๆŠž 1074
528
ๆ”น
ๆ”ป 330
ๆ›ด 694
114
่‚–
ๆœจ
็ซ
็ฆพ
็ณธ
่‰น
่‚ 1649
ๆ‰ 1713
ๆ 203
ๆ 683
ๆ‘ 208
ๆŸ 1664
ๆก 298
ๆฅ 1884
ๆฑ‚ 934
ๆฑฝ 1886
ๆฑบ 1641
ๆฒˆ 1888
138
ๆฒ–
707
ๆฒก
ๆฒข 1072
167
็ฝ
239
็Šถ
็‹‚ 260
็”ท 859
92
็”บ
1092
็คพ
914
็ง€
902
็ง
็ฉถ 1320
็ณป 1391
่‰ฏ 1468
่Šฑ 1009
่Šณ 493
421
่Šธ
848
่‡ฃ
57
่ฆ‹
1812
่ง’
335
่จ€
788
่ฐท
่ฑ† 1440
54
่ฒ
1743
่ตค
่ตฐ 384
่ถณ 1279
่บซ 1248
่ปŠ 286
่พ› 1496
่พถ
่พฐ 2008
่ฟŽ 1702
่ฟ‘ 1129
725
่ฟ”
1848
้‚ฆ
้…‰ 1429
173
้‡Œ
1533
้บฆ
้˜ช 1294
้˜ฒ 1302
8็”ป
ไบ 
ไบป
ๅ…ซ
ๅŠ›
ๅ
ไธฆ
ไนณ
ไบ‹
ไบซ
ไบฌ
ไฝณ
ไฝต
ไฝฟ
ไพ‹
ไพ
ไพ›
ไพ
ไพก
ไพฎ
ๅ…ท
ๅ…ธ
ๅ…
ๅ‡ฝ
ๅˆฐ
ๅˆถ
ๅˆท
ๅˆธ
ๅˆบ
ๅˆป
ๅŠน
ๅŠพ
ๅ‘
ๅ’
1785
729
1156
308
312
970
1030
990
972
976
1796
971
1603
989
74
1827
1972
1902
755
418
1069
1206
417
1521
1276
1523
1511
1025
index ii: kanji
ๅŽถ
ๅˆ
ๅฃ
ๅœŸ
ๅคง
ๅฅณ
ๅญ
ๅฎ€
ๅฐธ
ๅฑฑ
51
ๅ“
872
ๅ”
ๅ‚ 1720
718
ๅ”
819
ๅ–
735
ๅ—
317
ๅ‘จ
219
ๅ‘ณ
ๅ‘ผ 1485
ๅ‘ฝ 1400
ๅ’Œ 897
ๅ›บ 580
581
ๅ›ฝ
1486
ๅช
ๅž‚ 1582
ๅคœ 1037
126
ๅฅ‡
1094
ๅฅˆ
ๅฅ‰ 1573
ๅฅ” 1196
ๅฆน 220
ๅฆป 1889
413
ๅง‰
747
ๅง‹
ๅง“ 1557
913
ๅง”
912
ๅญฃ
ๅญค 1879
ๅญฆ 324
ๅฎ— 1100
ๅฎ˜ 1271
ๅฎ™ 1109
382
ๅฎš
1417
ๅฎ›
ๅฎœ 1783
257
ๅฎ
1572
ๅฎŸ
184
ๅฐš
ๅฑ… 1063
ๅฑˆ 1060
ๅฑŠ 1110
ๅฒก 1961
ๅนฒ
ๅนฟ
ๅฝณ
ๆˆธ
ๆ”ต
ๅฒฉ
ๅฒฌ
ๅฒณ
ๅฒธ
ๅนธ
ๅบ•
ๅบ—
ๅบœ
ๅปถ
ๅผฆ
ๅผง
ๅฝผ
ๅพ€
ๅพ
ๅพ„
ๅฟ 
ๅฟต
ๆ€–
ๆ€ง
ๆ€ช
ๆˆฟ
ๆ‰€
ๆ‰ฟ
ๆŠซ
ๆŠฑ
ๆŠต
ๆŠน
ๆŠผ
ๆŠฝ
ๆ‹…
ๆ‹
ๆ‹
ๆ‹’
ๆ‹“
ๆ‹˜
ๆ‹™
ๆ‹›
ๆ‹
ๆ‹ 
ๆ‹ก
ๆ”พ
ๆ–‰
770
ๆ—ฅ
1115
1330
1653
1505
1833
588
ๆœˆ
1002
392
1386
1878
883
880
881
882
ๆœจ
602
1590
623
1558
716
1078
1127
1901
805
645
1832
644
1114
1106
668
652
656
857
651
654
769
650
1564
669
740
496
1729
ๆฌ 
ๆ˜†
ๆ˜‡
ๆ˜Œ
ๆ˜Ž
ๆ˜“
ๆ˜”
ๆœ‹
ๆœ
่‚ข
่‚ฅ
่‚ฉ
่‚ช
่‚ฏ
่‚ฒ
ๆฏ
ๆฑ
ๆพ
ๆฟ
ๆž
ๆž—
ๆžš
ๆžœ
ๆž
ๆž 
ๆžข
ๆฌง
ๆญฆ
ๆญฉ
ๆฎด
ๆฏ’
ๆฒซ
ๆฒณ
ๆฒธ
ๆฒน
ๆฒป
ๆฒผ
ๆฒฟ
ๆณ
ๆณŠ
ๆณŒ
ๆณ•
ๆณก
448
43
25
20
1051
1184
็ซ
19
1399
714
1756
็‰›
1077
494
็”ฐ
374
759
็›ฎ
1219
504
785
724
1126
196
332
1121
713
200
่‰น
1697
1699
377
371
1698
1531
218
146
1237
1107
746
137
795
145
147
636
751
533
่พถ
ๆณข
ๆณฃ
ๆณฅ
ๆณจ
ๆณณ
็‚‰
็‚Š
็‚Ž
็‰ˆ
็‰ง
็‰ฉ
็”ป
็š„
็›ฒ
็›ด
็Ÿฅ
็ฅˆ
็ฅ‰
็ช
็ฉบ
็ณพ
่€…
่ˆŽ
่‹‘
่Šฝ
่‹—
่‹ฅ
่‹ฆ
่‹ฑ
่Œ‚
่ŒŽ
่™Ž
่กจ
่ฟซ
่ฟญ
่ฟฐ
้‚ธ
้‚ช
้‡‘
้•ท
้–€
้˜ป
803
้˜ฟ
้™„
้›จ
้’
้ž
432
1055
267
136
| 313
1295
1303
422
1534
1632
1080
468
9็”ป
162
1213
329
1050
1170
ไบป
69
486
73
1223
1128
1091
1319
1317
1509
ๅ†‚
1256
316
1419
1905
234
ๅŠ›
223
225
1741
360
ๅŽ‚
715
1990
1546
ๅฃ
282
847
1524
ๅœŸ
1841
1906
269
1920
ๅคง
1616
1780
ๅฅณ
ไน—
ไบญ
ไฟ‚
ไพฏ
ไฟŠ
ไพต
ไพฟ
ไฟƒ
ไฟ—
ไฟ
ไฟก
ๅ†’
ๅ† 
ๅ‰‡
ๅ‰Š
ๅ‰
ๅ‹…
ๅ‹‡
ๅ—
ๅธ
ๅŽ˜
ๅŽš
ๅ™
ๅ’ฒ
ๅ“€
ๅ“
ๅž‹
ๅžฃ
ๅŸŽ
ๅค‰
ๅฅ‘
ๅฅ
ๅงป
1585
311
1392
1639
1014
1148
991
1280
968
997
969
18
304
88
118
290
1667
1407
1613
1397
178
125
1660
2018
401
23
680
154
362
1745
1549
1571
584
314 | index ii: kanji
ๅฎ€
็พ
ๅฑฑ
ๅนบ
ๅฝณ
ๆ”ต
ๆ—ฅ
ๅงฟ
ๅจ
ๅฎข
ๅฎค
ๅฎฃ
ๅฐ‚
ๅ˜
ๅฑ‹
ๅฐ
ๅณ 
ๅณก
ๅทป
ๅธฅ
ๅธ
ๅนฝ
ๅบฆ
ๅปบ
ๅฝฆ
ๅพ…
ๅพ‹
ๅพŒ
ๆ€’
ๆ€
ๆ€ 
ๆ€ฅ
ๆ€จ
ๆ’
ๆจ
ๆ‚”
ๆ‹ฌ
ๆ‹ท
ๆ‹พ
ๆŒ
ๆŒ‡
ๆŒ‘
ๆŒŸ
ๆ”ฟ
ๆ•…
ๆ–ฝ
ๆ˜Ÿ
ๆ˜ 
ๆ˜ฅ
474
364
294
754
188
ๆœˆ
46
1928
1058
156
773
1265
ๆœจ
1207
1270
435
1380
1194
391
1716
879
874
1379
703
605
745
1146
1420
620
1460
625
661
1255
667
660
659
658
1267
381
333
1045
1556
1742
1568
็ซ
ๆ˜จ
ๆ˜ญ
ๆ˜ฏ
ๆ˜ผ
่‚บ
่ƒƒ
่ƒ†
่ƒŒ
่ƒŽ
่ƒž
ๆ „
ๆžฏ
ๆŸป
ๆžถ
ๆŸ„
ๆŸ
ๆŸ
ๆŸ“
ๆŸ”
ๆŸฑ
ๆŸณ
ๆ ƒ
ๆฎต
ๆณ‰
ๆด‹
ๆด—
ๆดž
ๆดฅ
ๆดช
ๆดป
ๆดพ
ๆต„
ๆต…
ๆตท
็‚ญ
็‚บ
็‚น
็‰ฒ
็‹ญ
็‹ฉ
็‹ฌ
็
1140
็”˜
87
็”ฐ
388
1075
414
29
็™ฝ
31
446
748
็›ฎ
531
326
206
1781
869
็Ÿณ
1021
199
1759
509
1226
268
็ฆพ
1421
514
1859
็ฉด
133
็ณธ
549
249
181
328
็พŠ
1799
143
1855
่‰น
1155
369
461
771
1918
่‡จ
169
1559
1266
243
522
1723
่จ€
็”š
็•Œ
็•‘
็–ซ
็™บ
็š†
็š‡
็›†
็œ‹
็œŒ
็›พ
็œ
็›ธ
็ ‚
็ ”
็ •
็ฅ–
็ฅ
็ฅž
็ง‹
็ง‘
็ง’
็ชƒ
็ด€
็ด„
็ด…
็ดš
็พŽ
่€
่‡ญ
่Œจ
่Œถ
่‰
่’
่˜
่™
่™น
่ฆ
่จ‚
่จˆ
่ฒž
่ฒ 
1768
251
่ปŠ
166
1689
่พถ
1705
449
261
1449
638
513
1853
124
209
้‡Œ
117
675
้ฉ
116
1779
1089
1119
900
1179
899
1322
1354
่ตด
่ปŒ
่ป
่ฟท
่ฟฝ
้€€
้€
้€ƒ
้€†
้ƒŠ
้ƒŽ
้™
้‡
้ข
้ฉ
้Ÿณ
้ 
้ขจ
้ฃ›
้ฃŸ
้ฆ–
้ฆ™
386
ๅ†ซ
288
301
924
1268
1465
2016
ๅŠ›
283
1959
1844
ๅฃ
1851
1466
1675
1892
1893
479
ๅค‚
60
ๅฅณ
524
1887
1472
70
911
ๅฎ€
10 ็”ป
1362
1355
1353
ไบป
548
1164
122
472
252
224
488
322
1998
520
1604
339
337
55
63
ๅ…ซ
ไฟฎ
ไฟณ
ไฟต
ไฟธ
ๅ€‰
ๅ€‹
ๅ€
ๅ€’
ๅ€™
ๅ€Ÿ
ๅ€ฃ
ๅ€ค
ๅ€ซ
ๅ€น
ๅ…š
ๅ…ผ
1722
1633
1547
ๅฏธ
1574
1630
973
ๅฑฑ
992
980
1640
ๅทพ
1186
979
978
ๅนฟ
1821
1674
797
ๅผ“
1597
ๅฝณ
ๅ‡†
ๅ‡
ๅ‰–
ๅ‰›
ๅ‰ฃ
ๅ‰ค
ๅ‹‰
ๅŒฟ
ๅŽŸ
ๅ“ก
ๅ”†
ๅ“ฒ
ๅ”‡
ๅ”
ๅŸ‹
ๅค
ๅงซ
ๅจ˜
ๅจ 
ๅจฏ
ๅญซ
ๅฎฎ
ๅฎฐ
ๅฎณ
ๅฎด
ๅฎต
ๅฎถ
ๅฎน
ๅฐ„
ๅฐ†
ๅฑ•
ๅณฐ
ๅณถ
ๅทฎ
ๅธญ
ๅธฏ
ๅธฐ
ๅบง
ๅบซ
ๅบญ
ๅผฑ
ๅพ
560
506
478
1964
1671
1730
1975
1692
134
56
766
1131
2013
1157
179
296
849
1471
2012
1898
1393
1033
1499
1551
191
189
541
790
1249
731
1925
1562
1948
554
1193
415
1230
1024
589
590
1236
1659
index ii: kanji
ๆ”ต
ๆ–—
ๆ—ฅ
ๆœˆ
ๆœจ
ๅพ’ 878
ๅพ“ 877
ๆ‹ 1748
619
ๆ‚ฆ
613
ๆ
823
ๆฅ
ๆฉ 606
ๆญ 1803
ๆฏ 610
612
ๆต
622
ๆ‚Ÿ
ๆ‚ฉ 1935
ๆ‰‡ 1079
ๆŒ™ 1938
ๆŒฏ 2011
ๆŒฟ 1116
ๆ• 1836
ๆœ 1120
ๆ• 459
ๆ—… 1048
ๆ—ข 1481
ๆ–™ 1178
159
ๆ™‚
327
ๆ›ธ
่ƒธ 1491
ๆœ› 489
871
่„…
870
่„‡
่„‚ 456
ๆœ• 2027
182
่ƒด
2004
่ƒฝ
่„ˆ 1856
ๆœ— 1469
214
ๆกˆ
1932
ๆกœ
ๆ ธ 1520
ๆ ผ 292
198
ๆก‚
ๆ ก 1278
ๆ น 1461
358
ๆ ฝ
ๆญน
็”ฐ
็Ÿณ
็ฆพ
ๆกŸ
ๆ ช
ๆ “
ๆก‘
ๆกƒ
ๆก
ๆข…
ๆ —
ๆฎ‹
ๆฎŠ
ๆฎ‰
ๆฎบ
ๆณฐ
ๆถˆ
ๆตธ
ๆตœ
ๆตฎ
ๆตฆ
ๆตด
ๆต
ๆถ™
ๆตช
็ƒ
็ƒˆ
็‰น
็ 
็ญ
็•œ
็•”
็•
็•™
็–พ
็—‡
็–ฒ
็—…
็›Š
็œŸ
็œ 
็ ด
็ ฒ
็ฅฅ
็งฐ
367
222
264
698
236
204
็ฑณ
460
1609
็ณธ
808
810
809
1493
1570
144
1149
1332
730
่€’
1837
789
่‡ณ
764
1082
1470
่‰น
1944
814
246
่™ซ
258
1229
1384
1204
1017
1423
่…ฐ
1686
่จ€
1685
1688
1682
1881
่ฒ
75
1835
806
532
่พฐ
1088
่พถ
905
็งŸ 1778
็ง˜ 904
็งฉ 903
536
็ซœ
938
็ฌ‘
็ฒ‹ 925
็ฒ‰ 920
็ดข 1365
็ด™ 1829
็ด” 1494
็ด  1532
็ด 1356
็ด‹ 1727
็ดก 1357
็ด› 1358
็ฟ 786
่€• 1808
่€— 1914
่‡ด 756
่ˆช 1870
่ˆฌ 1871
่ฏ 1581
่ท 1013
่ป 242
523
่š•
1728
่šŠ
่กฐ 1890
่กท 1891
่ข– 1108
่ขซ 807
ๅธซ 1269
529
่จ˜
341
่จ“
1917
่จ—
่จŽ 340
81
่ฒข
682
่ฒก
่ป’ 1652
่ตท 526
่พฑ 2009
้€ 1132
281
้€ 
้…‰
้šน
้€Ÿ
้€
้€š
้€“
้€”
้€
้€ฃ
้ƒก
้…Œ
้…’
้…
้‡
้™ข
้™ฅ
้™
้™ค
้™ฃ
้™›
้šป
้ฃข
้ฆฌ
้ชจ
้ซ˜
้ฌผ
1669
539
1408
1858
1661
915
ๅœŸ
287
1843
1429
1428
1436
274
1304
ๅฅณ
1315
1308
1658
ๅฎ€
1305
1310
699
1475
1978
1288
307
2019
ๅฑฑ
ๅทพ
11 ็”ป
ไน™
ไบป
ๅŠ›
ๅฃ
ไนพ
ๅ
ๅœ
ๅฅ
ๅด
ๅต
ๅถ
ๅฝ
ๅ‰ฏ
ๅ‰ฐ
ๅ‹•
ๅ‹˜
ๅ‹™
ๅ”ฏ
463
1823
977
ๅผ“
974
975
981
1955
1919
89
1586
1676
1769
1227
556
ๅฝก
| 315
21
ๅ”ฑ
439
ๅ•†
ๅ• 1617
ๅ•“ 1085
ๅ– 454
356
ๅŸŸ
1506
ๅŸท
ๅŸน 477
ๅŸบ 1767
153
ๅŸผ
1062
ๅ €
ๅ ‚ 798
ๅฉ† 804
ๅฉš 1830
ๅฉฆ 1151
ๅฎฟ 995
ๅฏ‚ 720
192
ๅฏ„
2006
ๅฏ…
775
ๅฏ†
1095
ๅฐ‰
ๅทฃ 1927
ๅด‡ 1101
ๅดŽ 778
ๅดฉ 774
ๅธณ 1922
ๅธธ 799
ๅบท 1159
ๅบถ 1191
ๅบธ 1182
ๅผต 1921
ๅผท 1235
ๅฝฉ 1714
ๅฝซ 1710
ๅพ— 876
ๆ‚  958
ๆ‚ฃ 604
ๆ‚ช 1810
621
ๆ‚ผ
ๆƒ… 1537
ๆƒœ 1187
ๆƒจ 1721
316 | index ii: kanji
ๆ”ต
ๆ–น
ๆ—ฅ
ๆœˆ
ๆœจ
ๆจ
ๆฎ
ๆŽƒ
ๆŽˆ
ๆŽ’
ๆŽ˜
ๆŽ›
ๆŽก
ๆŽข
ๆŽฅ
ๆŽช
ๆŽง
ๆŽจ
ๆ
ๆŽฒ
ๆ•‘
ๆ•™
ๆ•—
ๆ–Ž
ๆ–œ
ๆ–ญ
ๆ—‹
ๆ—
ๆ›น
ๆ›ฝ
่„ฑ
่„š
่„ณ
่ฑš
ๆข“
ๆขข
ๆขจ
ๆขฐ
ๆฌฒ
ๆฎผ
ๆถฒ
ๆถฏ
ๆธ‡
ๆธ“
ๆทท
ๆธˆ
ๆธ‹
655
1064
1152
736
1634
1061
674
733
1327
672
1188
1318
663
็Ž„
670
็Ž‹
673
936
1254
331
1732
็”ฐ
1662
1136
็šฟ
1046
1222
็›ฎ
1173
501
498
1396
1934
็ฉด
538
1498
201
็ซน
907
677
792
710
1038
็ฑณ
157
451
840
450
1731
1738
็ณธ
ๆท‘
ๆธš
ๆธ‰
ๆทฑ
ๆธ…
ๆทก
ๆทป
ๆถผ
็Œช
็Œซ
็Œ›
็ŒŸ
็Ž‡
็ƒ
็พ
็†
็“ถ
็”ฃ
็•ฐ
็•ฅ
็››
็›—
็œผ
็œบ
็ฅญ
็ฅจ
็ซ 
็ช“
็ช’
็งป
็ฌฌ
็ฌ›
็ฌฆ
็ฌ 
็ฌน
็ฒ—
็ฒ˜
็ฒ’
็ตŒ
็ดบ
็ดฐ
็ต‚
721
1263
372
1328
1539
็พฝ
164
634
่ฟ
313
1262
244
่‰น
1456
1940
1737
935
259
265
่‡จ
1032
่™ซ
1560
1797
293
1457
่ฆ‹
1451
1467
่จ€
237
1102
1606
433
749
่ฒ
1321
898
1239
1111
1001
่ตค
939
่ปŠ
940
1777
921
922
1360
1758
1363
1352
่พถ
็ดน 1359
็ดณ 1361
็ต„ 1776
็ดฏ 1364
574
็ฟ’
575
็ฟŒ
1733
็ฒ›
่ˆน 1874
่ˆถ 1869
่“ 1122
่Š 927
918
่Œ
734
่œ
่‘— 1258
่ฑ 1517
่™š 1993
518
่›
519
่›‡
่ก“ 1525
่ข‹ 1006
841
่ฆ
1093
่ฆ–
่จฑ 569
่จŸ 787
่จญ 708
่จช 495
่จณ 1073
่ฒจ 1010
102
่ฒซ
1541
่ฒฌ
่ฒฉ 726
่ฒง 782
่ตฆ 1744
่ปŸ 470
่ปข 420
้€ธ 1973
561
้€ฒ
318
้€ฑ
้€ฎ 1160
้ƒญ 1842
้ƒท 1849
้ƒฝ 1846
้‡†
้›จ
้ƒจ
้ƒต
้…”
้‡ˆ
้‡Ž
้‡ฃ
้–‰
้™ฐ
้™บ
้™ณ
้™ถ
้™ช
้™ธ
้š†
้™ต
้›ช
้ ‚
้ญš
้ณฅ
้นฟ
้บป
้ป„
้ป’
ไบ€
1845
1847
1435
ๅ›—
1908
ๅœŸ
1596
273
1623
1592
1672
1301
1966
1299
1513
1561
ๅคง
1518
ๅฅณ
1143
94
171
ๅฎ€
1941
1999
ๅฏธ
593
1750
ๅฐค
174
ๅฐธ
534
ๅทพ
12 ็”ป
ๅนฟ
ไบป
ๅŠ›
ๅฃ
ๅ‚
ๅ‚˜
ๅ‚™
ๅ‰
ๅ‰ฒ
ๅ‰ต
ๅ‹
ๅ‹Ÿ
ๅ‹ค
ๅš
ๅ–„
ๅ–š
ๅ–œ
ๅ–ช
1015
1026
ๅผ“
1183
1643
1553
1631
1209
861
1577
47
1035
1042
1445
1926
ๅฝณ
ๅ–ซ
ๅ–ถ
ๅœ
ๅ •
ๅ ค
ๅ ช
ๅ ฑ
ๅ ด
ๅก€
ๅก
ๅก”
ๅกš
ๅ …
ๅฅฅ
ๅฉฟ
ๅช’
ๅช›
ๅฏŒ
ๅฏ’
ๅฐŠ
ๅฐ‹
ๅฐฑ
ๅฑž
ๅต
ๅธฝ
ๅน…
ๅนพ
ๅปƒ
ๅปŠ
ๅผพ
่ก†
ๅพก
ๅพฉ
ๅพช
ๆ‚ฒ
ๆƒ‘
ๆƒฐ
ๆ…Œ
ๆ„‰
ๆ‰‰
ๆŽŒ
ๆ
1550
1034
1208
1314
390
1770
1507
545
1056
1734
254
1039
853
928
395
1761
1950
193
1526
1439
1145
1969
1953
777
408
407
1381
1706
1852
1931
1857
1398
875
1854
1635
614
629
624
628
1638
801
665
index ii: kanji
ๆ”ต
ๆ—ฅ
ๆœˆ
ๆœจ
ๆฌ 
ๆš
ๆ›
ๆก
ๆฎ
ๆด
ๆบ
ๆญ
ๆ•ข
ๆ•ฃ
ๆ•ฌ
ๆ™ฎ
ๆš
ๆ™ฏ
ๆ™ด
ๆœ€
ๆ™ถ
ๆ›ฟ
ๆ™บ
ๆ™ฉ
ๆš‘
่…•
ๆœ
ๆœŸ
่„น
ๆฃ‹
ๆฃ’
ๆฃš
ๆฃŸ
ๆฃฎ
ๆคœ
ๆฃบ
ๆค
ๆฅต
ๆฌบ
ๆฌพ
ๆฎ–
ๆธฉ
ๆธฆ
ๆธ›
ๆน–
ๆธฏ
ๆป‹
664
1043
1059
662
1951
1967
646
็ซ
826
1189
334
1786
1201
314
1538
็”ฐ
821
22
842
1224
1974
1260
็™ถ
1418
52
1765
็Ÿณ
1923
1763
1575
็ฆพ
202
505
197
็ซน
1673
1272
205
1903
1762
1097
็ฑณ
811
็ณธ
1452
1292
366
148
1800
1388
ๆนฟ
ๆธฌ
ๆธก
ๆนฏ
ๆบ€
ๆนพ
็„ผ
็…ฎ
็„ฆ
็„ถ
็„ก
็Œถ
็ด
็•ณ
็•ช
็–Ž
็—›
็—˜
็—ข
็™ป
็€
็Ÿญ
็กฌ
็ก
็กซ
็จŽ
็จ‹
็ซฅ
็ญ‹
็ญ–
็ญ‰
็ญ’
็ญ”
็ญ†
็ฒง
็ตต
็ตฆ
็ต
็ตž
็ดซ
็ตถ
็ตฑ
1788
149
่‰น
1195
546
1169
1749
่กŒ
1200
1257
557
241
1775
1438
่ฆ‹
1591
่จ€
1784
1909
1668
1690
1684
1687
1703
555
1442
่ฒ
695
115
763
895
894
436
941
่ตฐ
948
945
944
่ปŠ
947
943
923
1346
1349
1351
1348
1375
1754
1347
่พถ
็ตก
่ฝ
่‘ฌ
่‘‰
่›ฎ
่ก—
่ฃ
่ฃ…
่ฃ‚
่ฃœ
่ฃ•
่ฆš
่ฉ 
่ฉ
่จผ
่ฉ”
่ฉž
่จบ
่จด
่ฉ•
่ฑก
่ณ€
่ฒด
่ฒธ
่ฒฏ
่ฒท
่ฒป
่ฒฟ
่ถŠ
่ถ…
่ท
่ปฝ
่ปธ
้‹
้Ž
้‡
้‚
้”
้…
้“
้Š
้
1350
299
้‡Œ
816
้‡‘
228
้–€
1747
890
397
398
813
1840
793
325
้šน
345
1141
380
342
้›จ
1865
1724
้ 
1139
1487
1976
868
1771
1007
้…ข
้‡
้ˆ
้–‹
้–‘
้–“
้šŽ
้š…
้š
้šŠ
้™ฝ
้›†
้›‡
้›…
้›„
้›ฒ
้›ฐ
้ …
้ ˆ
้ †
้ฃฒ
้ฃฏ
ๆญฏ
1434
177
1495
ๅค•
1622
1625
ๅฅณ
1620
1309
ๅฎ€
1958
1298
ๅทพ
1306
1300
ๅนฒ
559
1083
1907
743
423
2028
82
1718
129
1474
1473
1171
ๆˆˆ
194
13 ็”ป
831
1238
1424
ไบป
387
385
1281
717
1112
303
1293
ๅŠ›
1956
540
ๅฃ
552
1067
277
1047
1824
ๅœŸ
ๅ‚ฌ 987
ๅ‚‘ 999
ๅ‚ต 1544
ๅ‚ท 996
ๅ‚พ 1011
ๅƒ 1678
ๅƒง 982
ๅ‹ข 1515
ๅ‹ง 864
ๅ—ฃ 1867
ๅ˜† 1579
585
ๅœ’
2024
ๅกŠ
ๅก‘ 1960
ๅก— 1663
ๆ”ฏ
ๆ—ฅ
ๆœˆ
ๆœจ
ๅกฉ
ๅข“
ๅคข
ๅฅจ
ๅซ
ๅซŒ
ๅฏ›
ๅฏ
ๅนŒ
ๅน•
ๅนน
ๅป‰
ๅพฎ
ๆ„
ๆƒณ
ๆ„
ๆ„š
ๆ„›
ๆ„Ÿ
ๆ…ˆ
ๆ…Ž
ๆ…จ
ๆˆฆ
ๆ
ๆฌ
ๆบ
ๆพ
ๆ‘‚
้ผ“
ๆ•ฐ
ๆ–ฐ
ๆš‡
ๆš–
ๆš—
่…ธ
่…น
่…ฐ
ๆฅฝ
ๆฃ„
ๆฅญ
ๆคฟ
ๆฅ 
| 317
1458
231
305
732
542
1598
226
1150
410
409
1654
1601
889
901
609
608
1957
737
615
1389
630
1483
1929
666
1873
687
1324
1739
1444
929
1502
1882
1949
480
544
464
1605
1735
758
1792
1569
1614
318 | index ii: kanji
ๆญข
็ซ
็Ÿณ
็ซน
็ณธ
็พŠ
่€ณ
ๆฅผ 930
512
ๆญณ
1805
ๆฎฟ
ๆป‘ 1289
ๆผข 1578
142
ๆบ
1819
ๆบ
ๆบ– 564
ๆปž 416
ๆผ  230
365
ๆป…
1838
่’ฒ
791
ๆบถ
537
ๆป
1612
็…™
163
็…ฉ
170
็…ง
็Œฎ 1615
็Œฟ 403
็—ด 1683
็›Ÿ 1450
็ก 1583
719
็ฃ
1514
็ฆ
็ข 1766
็ข‘ 1512
็ฆ 1098
็ฆ 1291
็ฆ… 1930
็ฆ 1090
็จš 896
็ฏ€ 1464
็ถ™ 1370
็ตน 1368
็ถš 1345
็ฝช 1636
็ฝฒ 1259
832
็ฝฎ
็พค 1163
็พฉ 641
553
็พจ
825
่–
่‰น
่‡จ
่ง’
่จ€
่พ›
่ฑ†
่ฒ
๐งพท
่ปŠ
่พฐ
่พถ
้…‰
้‡‘
่‰‡ 1876
่’ธ 1900
่“„ 1385
่™ž 1995
่™œ 1991
่ฃ 399
453
่ค
1124
่ฃธ
่งฃ 1814
่งฆ 1813
่ฉฒ 1522
343
่ฉฐ
1244
่ช‡
354
่ฉฆ
346
่ฉฉ
่ฉณ 550
363
่ช 
1939
่ช‰
่ฉฑ 344
่พž 1497
่ฑŠ 1443
่ณ‡ 473
357
่ณŠ
1004
่ณƒ
80
่ณ„
1746
่ทก
่ทต 1286
่ทณ 1284
่ทฏ 1282
่ผƒ 1277
359
่ผ‰
2014
่พฒ
้  402
้ฃ 1773
้• 1644
้…ฌ 1432
้…ช 1433
้‰› 794
741
้‰ฑ
้‰„ 846
271
้‰ข
้ˆด 1406
้›จ
้ฉ
้ 
้ณฅ
้›ป
้›ท
้›ถ
้š”
้ด
้ ‘
้ ’
้ 
้ฃผ
้ฃพ
้ฃฝ
้ณฉ
535
425
1402
ๆœจ
1312
1894
61
783
ๆญข
1595
1866
1477
1480
1946
14 ็”ป
ไบป
ๅฃ
ๅœŸ
ๅคง
ๅฐธ
ๅฝณ
ๆ—ฅ
ๅƒ 1977
ๅƒ• 1794
ๅƒš 1707
้ณด 1942
ๅกพ 309
ๅขƒ 484
ๅข— 502
175
ๅขจ
ๅฅช 566
ๅซก 440
617
ๅฏก
ๅฏง 834
่œœ 776
ๅฑค 1065
ๅฝฐ 1715
885
ๅพณ
887
ๅพด
ๆ…‹ 2005
633
ๆ…•
829
ๆ…ข
ๆ†Ž 626
ๆ…ฃ 627
ๆ‘˜ 657
ๆญŒ 469
ๆ—— 1764
232
ๆšฎ
็–‹
็ฆพ
็ฉด
็ซ‹
็ซน
็ฑณ
็ณธ
่‚‰
213
ๆšฆ
233
่†œ
ๆฆ‚ 1482
ๆจก 229
ๆง‹ 1818
933
ๆง˜
376
ๆญด
917
็ฉ€
2007
ๆผ”
172
ๆผ
1545
ๆผฌ
932
ๆผ†
1135
ๆผธ
ๆผ• 1175
ๆปด 442
ๆผ‚ 1607
ๆผซ 830
ๆผ 1068
็†Š 2003
338
็„
1410
็–‘
็ฃ 1390
ๅฏŸ 1103
็จฎ 1679
็จฒ 910
็ชช 1323
็ซฏ 1167
833
็ฝฐ
2029
็ฎ‡
็ฎก 1273
็ฎ— 946
็ฒพ 1535
็ถญ 1341
็ถฑ 1963
็ท’ 1344
็ท 1366
็ถฟ 1367
็ถฒ 1373
็ท‘ 1371
็ทด 1343
่ž 1626
่… 1023
่‰น
่จ€
่ฑ•
๐งพท
่พถ
้…‰
้‡‘
้–€
้šน
้’
้ฆฌ
้ฌผ
่”ฆ
่ฃณ
่ฃฝ
่ค‡
่ชž
่ชค
่ชŒ
่ช“
่ชฌ
่ชญ
่ช
่ช˜
่ฑช
่ธŠ
้ฎ
้ญ
้ฉ
้…ต
้…ท
้…ธ
้Š€
้Šƒ
้Šญ
้Š‘
้Š…
้Š˜
้–ฃ
้–ข
้–ฅ
้š 
้š›
้šœ
้›‘
้›Œ
้œ€
้™
้ ˜
้ง…
้ง†
้ง„
้ซช
้ญ‚
1945
800
419
465
347
1899
601
1133
499
348
598
916
543
1409
1192
1174
441
1430
1431
1437
1459
762
368
270
272
275
1624
2017
1619
1313
1296
1297
562
563
1165
1540
1405
1984
1983
1986
1924
2021
index ii: kanji
้ผป
678
15 ็”ป
ไบป
ๅฃ
ๅœŸ
ๅฏธ
ๆ”ต
ๆœจ
ๆฌ 
ๅ„€
ๅ„„
ๅŠ‡
ๅ˜ฑ
ๅ™จ
ๅ™ด
ๅขœ
ๅขณ
ๅฌŒ
ๅฏฉ
ๅฏฎ
ๅฐŽ
ๅฑฅ
ๅนฃ
ๅผŠ
ๅฝฑ
ๅพน
ๆ…ฐ
ๆ…ถ
ๆ†‚
ๆ…ฎ
ๆ†ค
ๆˆฏ
ๆ’ƒ
ๆ‘ฉ
ๆ’ฎ
ๆ’ค
ๆ’ฒ
ๆ•ต
ๆ•ท
ๆšซ
ๆšด
ๆจช
ๆงฝ
ๆจฉ
ๆจ™
ๆญ“
984
983
1997
1954
121
็šฟ
1197
1307
1198
็ฆพ
430
1910
1708
็ฉด
278
1057
1040
็ซน
1041
1712
็ณธ
886
1096
2001
616
1996
1199
1994
709
639
่‰น
822
760
1793
่กŒ
443
1883
1134
1801
1751
1176
571
1608
570
่จ€
ๆฝ”
ๆฝค
ๆฝŸ
ๆฝœ
ๆฝฎ
ๆพ„
็†Ÿ
ๅ‹ฒ
็†ฑ
็›ฃ
็›ค
็ขบ
็จผ
็จฟ
็ฉ‚
็ชฎ
็ชฏ
็ฝท
็ฎฑ
็ฏ„
็ธ
็ทฉ
็ทŠ
็ธ„
็ทš
็ท 
็ทจ
่ˆž
่ˆ—
่”ต
่†š
่ถ
่ก
่ค’
่ฌ
่ชฒ
่ซธ
่ซ‹
่ซพ
่ช•
่ซ‡
่ชฟ
1548
1627
2039
844
141
1704
310
1677
1516
1453
1872
567
893
892
909
1326
1325
2032
942
1413
1372
1952
1374
1377
1339
1340
1825
1774
1839
850
่ซ–
่ณ›
่ณœ
่ณญ
่ณช
่ณž
่ณ 
่ณ“
่ณฆ
่ถฃ
๐งพท
่ธ
่ผ
่ปŠ
่ผฉ
่ผช
่พถ
้บ
้ต
้ท
้ธ
้‡‘
้‹ญ
้‹ณ
้–ฒ
้›จ
้œ‡
้œŠ
้คŠ
้ค“
้ฆฌ
้ง’
้ง
้ญ…
้ป’ ้ป™
่ฒ
1820
843
1052
1264
1137
796
476
511
378
820
1287
302
1637
1822
1772
2031
1610
1804
500
1566
1618
2010
1791
1479
1476
1979
1982
2023
240
1992
16 ็”ป
521
1680
998
ไบป
452
ๅ†ซ
1123
ๅœŸ
1261
1536
351
393
350
349
ๅฅณ
ๅ„’
ๅ‡
ๅขพ
ๅฃ
ๅฃŒ
ๅฃ‡
ๅฃŠ
ๅฅฎ
ๅฌข
1166
1412
1971
1500
1529
587
400
565
1530
611
ๆ†ฉ
1554
ๆ†ฒ
632
ๆ†ถ
828
ๆ‡
631
ๆ†พ
671
ๆ“
ๆ“ 1387
ๆ”ต
ๆ•ด 1670
ๆ›‡ 424
ๆœจ
ๆฉŸ 1382
ๆฉ‹ 429
ๆฟ€ 497
835
ๆฟ
2015
ๆฟƒ
่†จ 1719
ๆจน 1446
็ซ
510
็‡ƒ
1933
็ฃ
701
็ฒ
594
็ฃจ
็ฆพ
็ฉ 1147
็ฉ 1543
็ซน
็ฏ‰ 950
็ฏค 1988
็ณ– 1158
็ณธ
็ธฆ 1338
็ธ› 1376
็น 1337
็ธซ 1563
่‡ผ
่ˆˆ 1426
่‰น
่–ซ 1681
่–ช 1503
่–ฆ 2000
่–„ 227
่–ฌ 1736
่™ซ ่ž 1044
891
่กก
่ก› 1646
่ฆช 1504
่ฒ
852
่ณข
่จ€
่ซฎ 475
่ฌ€ 1760
่พถ
้‡‘
้ 
| 319
352
่ซญ
1968
่ฌก
่ผธ 289
837
้‚„
1501
้ฟ
็ทฏ 1645
411
้Œฆ
1962
้‹ผ
้Œฏ 1185
383
้Œ 
้Œ˜ 1584
้Œฌ 2030
้Œฒ 1144
้šฃ 1311
้šท 2036
้ ญ 1441
้ ผ 1665
้คจ 1478
17 ็”ป
ไบป
็Ž‹
็ณธ
ๅ„Ÿ 985
ๅ„ช 993
ๅŽณ 1936
ๅš‡ 2026
ๆ‡‡ 1970
ๆ“ฆ 1104
ๆ“ฌ 1411
577
ๆฟฏ
215
็‡ฅ
1463
็ˆต
็Š  643
็’ฐ 836
็™‚ 1709
็žณ 437
็Ÿฏ 1221
558
็ค
1798
็ฟผ
็ธฎ 1336
็ธพ 1542
็นŠ 1790
320 | index ii: kanji
่จ€
่ปŠ
้ 
827
่ด
855
่ฆง
1211
่ฌ„
่ฌ™ 1600
่ฌ› 1816
่ฌ 1250
่ฌน 1576
่ณผ 1817
่ฝ„ 1552
้†œ 2020
้› 1860
้œœ 426
373
้ ป
551
้ฎฎ
1403
้ฝข
็ซน
่‰น
่‡ฃ
18 ็”ป
้‡‘
ๆ‡ฒ
ๆ›œ
ๆฟซ
็™’
็™–
888
576
1454
2037
1691
็žฌ
็คŽ
็ฉซ
็ฐก
็ณง
็น”
็น•
็ฟป
็นญ
่ท
่—ค
่—ฉ
่ฅŸ
่ฆ†
่‡จ
่ฆณ
่ดˆ
้ŽŒ
้Ž–
้Žฎ
้—˜
้›ข
้›ฃ
817
394
้ 
908
1621
926
1334
1335
้ฆฌ
1911
1880
824
้Ÿ“
้กŒ
้ก
้ก”
้ก•
้กž
้จŽ
้จ’
้จ“
้ฏ‰
1647
389
295
้‡‘
1717
1789
931
้ 
1981
1985
1980
176
่ญœ 1787
336
่ญฆ
483
้ก
้œง 1228
481
้Ÿป
135
้ก˜
1290
้ซ„
315
้ฏจ
1947
้ถ
้บ— 2002
1210
1912
19 ็”ป
1099
1611
854
572
็ซน
503
1599
1937
276
1629
1492
1580
่‰น
็€ฌ
็ˆ†
็ฐฟ
็นฐ
็พ…
่‡“
่‰ถ
่—ป
่ฆ‡
่ญ˜
20 ็”ป
1666
1802
949
1369
1342
่จ€
851
1755
2035
1895
482
้‡‘
ๆ‡ธ
ๆฌ„
็ซถ
็ฑ
่ญฐ
่ญฒ
่ญท
้†ธ
้˜
้Ÿฟ
1394
1628
434
้จฐ
1989
21 ็”ป
้ 
่‰ฆ
่บ
้œฒ
้กง
้ถด
้ญ”
1875
1285
1283
1084
1943
2022
22 ็”ป
่ฅฒ
้ฉš
2025
1987
1567
642
23 ็”ป
1528
700
1527
438
1850
้‘‘
1455
index iii
Chinese Readings
This Index includes all the Chinese readings treated in this book, arranged
in standard dictionary order and followed by the number of the frame in
which the reading is introduced.
ใ€ใ‚ขใ€‘
ใ‚ข
ใ‚ขใ‚ค
ใ‚ขใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ขใƒ„
ใ‚ขใƒณ
ไบœ
้˜ฟ
ๅ“€
ๆ„›
ๆ‚ช
ๆก
ๅœง
ๅฎ‰
ๆกˆ
ๆš—
่กŒ
1818
2235
1095
1096
1704
1873
538
52
315
1301
2238
ใ€ใ‚คใ€‘
ใ‚ค
ไปฅ
็‚บ
ไผŠ
ๅฐ‰
ๆ…ฐ
ๆ„
ๅŒป
ๅ›ฒ
้•
ๅ‰
็ทฏ
่กฃ
ไฝ
ไพ
็ถญ
ๆ˜“
ใ‚คใ‚ญ
ใ‚คใ‚ฏ
ใ‚คใƒ
ใ‚คใƒ„
ใ‚คใƒณ
11
26
33
358
359
856
935
1131
1221
1222
1223
1566
1578
1627
1630
1705
ๅง”
็งป
่ƒƒ
้บ
็•ฐ
ๅจ
ๅ”ฏ
ๅŸŸ
่‚ฒ
ไธ€
ๅฃฑ
้€ธ
ไธ€
ๅ“ก
้Ÿป
ๅ› 
ๅงป
้Ÿป
้Ÿณ
้™ข
ๅฐ
ๅผ•
้ฃฏ
้™ฐ
้š 
ๅ…
1706
1775
1809
1813
1814
1870
2164
551
1141
965
973
1868
966
839
840
905
906
1299
1300
1158
1731
1806
1841
1931
2213
2161
ใ€ใ‚ฆใ€‘
ใ‚ฆ
ๅฎ‡
้›จ
30
1545
ใ‚ฆใƒณ
ๅณ
็ƒ
ๆœ‰
็พฝ
้‹
้‹
้›ฒ
1754
1929
2112
2043
1067
1523
1843
ใ‚จใƒ„
ใ‚จใƒณ
ใ€ใ‚จใ€‘
ใ‚จ
ใ‚จใ‚ค
ใ‚จใ‚ญ
่กฃ
ๆต
ไผš
็ตต
ไพ
ๅ›ž
ๆฐธ
ๆณณ
่ฉ 
่‹ฑ
ๆ˜ 
ๅ–ถ
่ก›
้‹ญ
ๅฝฑ
ๆ „
้ง…
ๆ˜“
็›Š
ๆถฒ
็–ซ
23
31
384
385
2226
2232
194
195
196
827
828
1026
1224
1394
1595
1699
1072
1137
1641
1781
2063
ๅฝน
่ฌ
้–ฒ
ๆ‚ฆ
่ถŠ
้ 
ๅœ’
็Œฟ
่‹‘
ๆ€จ
ๅฎ›
ๆฒฟ
้‰›
ๅ††
็…™
ๆด
ๅปถ
ๆผ”
ๅกฉ
ๅฎด
็ธ
็‚Ž
่‰ถ
2156
1213
1390
1391
1973
275
276
277
780
781
782
821
822
972
1016
1558
1596
1597
1636
1723
1916
2029
2183
ใ€ใ‚ชใ€‘
ใ‚ช
ใ‚ชใ‚ฆ
ๆฑš 1676
ๆ‚ช 2108
ๅ’Œ 2236
้ป„ 402
ๆจช 403
322 | index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ชใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ชใƒ„
ใ‚ชใƒณ
ๅคฎ
ๅฟœ
็Ž‹
ๅพ€
ๆฌง
ๆฎด
็ฟ
็š‡
ๆŠผ
ๆกœ
ๅฅฅ
ๅ‡น
ๅ„„
ๆ†ถ
ๅฅฅ
ไน™
้ 
ๆฉ
้Ÿณ
ๆธฉ
้Ÿณ
็ฉ
829
1011
1113
1337
1472
1473
1484
1557
1693
2124
2132
2173
854
855
1708
565
56
907
1022
1121
1300
1970
ใ‚ฌ
ใ‚ซใ‚ค
ใ€ใ‚ซใ€‘
ใ‚ซ
ๅŠ 
ๅฏ
ไฝ•
่ท
ๆญŒ
ๆฒณ
ๅŒ–
่Šฑ
่ฒจ
้ด
้Ž
ๆธฆ
็ฆ
ๅฎถ
ๅซ
็จผ
ๅค
ๅฏก
ๆžœ
่ชฒ
่“
ๅŠ 
25
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
215
216
217
281
282
283
484
485
760
761
762
788
ใ‚ฌใ‚ค
ๆžถ
็ฎ‡
็“œ
ไธ‹
็ซ
็ง‘
่ฏ
ไปฎ
ไฝณ
ไพก
ๆš‡
ๆˆ‘
้ค“
็‰™
่Šฝ
้›…
่ณ€
็”ป
็š†
้šŽ
ไป‹
็•Œ
ไผš
็ตต
ๆˆ’
ๆขฐ
ๅฃŠ
ๆ‡
ๆ€ช
ๅ›ž
ๆตท
ๆตท
ๆ‚”
่ก—
่งฃ
้–‹
ๆ”น
ๆ‹
ๅฟซ
็ฐ
ๅกŠ
ๆฆ‚
ๆ…จ
ๅฎณ
ๅค–
่ก—
789
793
838
958
976
1122
1151
1241
1388
1665
1817
338
339
784
785
786
790
1145
378
379
380
381
382
383
386
387
388
389
724
1087
1101
1302
1303
1384
1572
1594
1631
1753
1810
1882
1987
809
810
883
962
1384
ใ‚ซใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฌใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ซใƒ„
ใ‚ฌใƒƒ
ๆถฏ
่ฉฒ
ๅŠพ
่ผƒ
ๆ‹ก
็ฒ
็ฉซ
ๅ„
ๆ ผ
้–ฃ
ๅฎข
ๆ ธ
้ฉ
็ขบ
่ง’
่ฆš
้ƒญ
้š”
ๆฎป
ๅš‡
ๅญฆ
ๆฅฝ
้ก
ๅฒณ
ๅ‰ฒ
่ฝ„
ๆดป
ๅ–
่ค
ๆธ‡
ๆดป
ๆ‹ฌ
ๅˆ
ๅˆ
ๆœˆ
ๅฎ˜
็ฎก
ๆฃบ
้คจ
่ฒซ
ๆ…ฃ
ๆ›
ๅ–š
้‚„
็’ฐ
้–“
1385
1535
1536
676
832
857
858
1351
1352
1353
1354
1537
1631
1738
1824
1849
1913
1984
2142
2215
960
1022
1359
2025
881
882
1054
1210
1211
1212
1500
1501
2078
1985
546
127
128
129
130
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
ใ‚ฌใƒณ
็ฐก
ๆ„Ÿ
ๆ†พ
็›ฃ
่‰ฆ
้‘‘
่ฆณ
ๅ‹ง
ๆญ“
ๅ‹˜
ๅ ช
ๅฎŒ
ๆผข
้–ข
ๅนน
้Ÿ“
ๅนน
ๅนฒ
ๅˆŠ
ๆฑ—
่‚
ไนพ
็œ‹
ๆ‚ฃ
ๅฏ’
ๆฌพ
ๅทป
ๅ† 
ๅ‡ฝ
็”˜
็ผถ
ๅฏ›
็ทฉ
้™ฅ
็”ฒ
้–‘
ๅ…ƒ
้ ‘
้ก˜
ๅฒธ
ๅฒธ
็œผ
ๅฒฉ
้ก”
ไธธ
ๅซ
397
518
519
748
749
750
752
753
754
842
843
989
993
996
1060
1225
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1155
1713
1719
1734
1742
1791
1807
1823
1909
1933
2001
2062
2068
2129
2146
298
299
814
1147
1275
1399
1732
1804
1861
2075
index iii: chinese readings
ใ€ใ‚ญใ€‘
ใ‚ญ
ใ‚ฎ
ๅนพ
ๅฅ‡
ๅฏ„
้จŽ
ๅนพ
ๆฉŸ
ๆฐ—
ๆฑฝ
ๆœบ
้ฃข
ๆ—ข
ๅธŒ
่ฆ
่จ˜
ๅทฑ
่ตท
็ด€
ๅฟŒ
ๆ——
ๆฃ‹
ๅŸบ
ๆœŸ
ๅฒ
ๆฎ
่ผ
ๅฑ
ๆฃ„
ๅญฃ
ไผ
ๅธฐ
่ฒด
่ปŒ
ๅ–œ
้ฌผ
ไบ€
็ฅˆ
็พฉ
่ญฐ
ๅ„€
็Š 
็–‘
ๆ“ฌ
ๆฌบ
ๆŠ€
ๅฎœ
29
218
219
220
300
301
410
411
530
531
811
820
826
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1253
1254
1255
1256
1406
1520
1521
1154
1659
1667
1739
1772
1798
1854
1859
1921
1927
1998
74
75
76
77
815
816
1257
1405
1828
ใ‚ญใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ญใƒ
ใ‚ญใƒ„
ใ‚ฎใƒฃ
ใ‚ญใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฎใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ญใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฎใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ญใƒง
ใ‚ฎใƒง
ๅฝ
ๆˆฏ
่Š
ๅ‰
ๅ‰
่ฉฐ
ๅ–ซ
่„š
ๅด
่„š
ๅฎข
้€†
่™
ๅŠ
ๅธ
็ดš
ๆฑ‚
ๆ•‘
็ƒ
็ฉถ
ไน
ๆ€ฅ
็ตฆ
ไผ‘
ๆ—ง
ไน…
ๆœฝ
็ณพ
ๅฎฎ
็ชฎ
ๅผ“
ๆณฃ
ไธ˜
็‰›
ๅทจ
ๆ‹’
่ท
ๅŽป
ๆŒ™
ๅฑ…
่จฑ
่™š
ๆ‹ 
ๆผ
้ญš
ๅพก
1941
2082
555
554
878
879
1017
2238
428
429
1097
1701
2011
185
186
187
230
231
232
940
969
1029
1030
1574
1605
1638
1892
2014
2046
2049
2053
2125
2127
977
224
225
226
1008
1056
1220
1654
1941
1957
1611
1686
1950
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ญใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฎใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ญใƒณ
ๅณก
็‹ญ
ๆŒŸ
ๆฉ‹
็Ÿฏ
ๅฌŒ
ๅ”
่„…
ๅณก
้Ÿฟ
ๅขƒ
้ก
ๅ‡ถ
่ƒธ
ๆ•™
้ฉš
ไบฌ
ๅผท
ๅ…ฑ
ๆญ
ไพ›
ๅ…„
็ซถ
ๆณ
่ˆˆ
็‹‚
ๆ
ๅซ
้ฆ™
็ตŒ
ๅ‡
ๆฅญ
ๅฝข
่กŒ
ไบซ
ไปฐ
ๆš
่กŒ
ๅฑ€
ๆฅต
ๆ›ฒ
็Ž‰
ๅ‹ค
่ฌน
็ฆ
่ฅŸ
290
291
292
293
294
295
304
305
430
431
432
433
866
867
871
886
938
952
1194
1195
1196
1276
1277
1278
1604
1833
1903
1992
2095
2230
817
1026
1032
1614
1828
2149
2179
2234
1078
1687
1812
548
412
413
446
447
ใ‚ฎใƒณ
| 323
็ทŠ
้‡‘
่ฟ‘
็ฆ
ๅ‡
่Œ
็ญ‹
ไปŠ
้Œฆ
็ด
ๆ–ค
้Š€
้Š€
ๅŸ
877
984
1014
1016
1570
1894
1899
2099
2141
2151
2198
974
1400
2195
ใ€ใ‚ฏใ€‘
ใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฐ
ใ‚ฏใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฐใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฏใƒ„
ใ‚ฏใƒณ
ใ‚ฐใƒณ
ไน…
ไน
ไพ›
่‹ฆ
ๅŒบ
้ง†
ๅทฅ
ๅฅ
่ฒข
ๅฃ
ๅฎฎ
ไน…
ๅŠŸ
็ด…
ๅบซ
ๆ„š
ๅ…ท
็ฉบ
ๅถ
้‡
้š…
ๅฑˆ
ๆŽ˜
ๅ‹ฒ
่–ซ
ๅ›
่จ“
็พค
้ƒก
่ป
43
970
1196
1219
1470
1471
1544
1573
2094
2098
2106
2157
2193
2200
2222
779
1124
556
776
777
778
302
303
426
427
847
1771
845
846
1522
324 | index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ฒใ‚ญ
ใ€ใ‚ฑใ€‘
ใ‚ฑ
ใ‚ฒ
ใ‚ฑใ‚ค
ใ‚ฒใ‚ค
ๆ™ฏ
ๅŒ–
ๆฐ—
ๅฎถ
ๆ‡ธ
ไปฎ
่ฏ
ๅค–
ไธ‹
ๅค
่งฃ
่จˆ
ๆธ“
้ถ
ๅˆ‘
ๅž‹
็ตŒ
่ปฝ
่ŒŽ
ๅพ„
็ณป
ไฟ‚
ๆ•ฌ
่ญฆ
ๆ…ถ
ๆŽฒ
ๅ…„
็ซถ
ๆก‚
ๅœญ
ๆ†ฉ
ๆต
ๅฝข
็ถ™
ๆ™ฏ
ๆบ
ๅฅ‘
ๅ•“
ๅ‚พ
ไบฌ
่›
ๅขƒ
่Šธ
่ฟŽ
้ฏจ
1130
1563
1736
1853
2121
2160
2230
1622
1780
2102
2231
49
404
405
450
451
720
721
722
723
872
873
884
885
1011
1214
1276
1277
1386
1387
1505
1559
1587
1592
1624
1645
1652
1718
1756
1822
1928
2007
1075
1716
1917
ใ‚ฑใƒ„
ใ‚ฒใƒ„
ใ‚ฑใƒณ
ใ‚ฒใƒณ
ๅŠ‡
ๆฟ€
ๆ’ƒ
็ต
ๆฑบ
ๆฌ 
ๆฝ”
็ฉด
่ก€
ๅ‚‘
ๆœˆ
ๅ€น
้จ“
้™บ
ๆคœ
ๅ‰ฃ
ๅปบ
ๅฅ
็œŒ
ๆ‡ธ
ๆจฉ
ๅ …
่ณข
็ ”
่ฆ‹
ๅˆธ
่ป’
ๅ…ผ
่ฌ™
ๅซŒ
่ป’
ๆ†ฒ
้ฃ
้–“
ไปถ
็Šฌ
่‚ฉ
็Œฎ
้ก•
ๅœ
็นญ
็Ž„
ๅผฆ
ๅŽŸ
ๆบ
ๅ…ƒ
1048
1319
1640
880
1602
1697
1799
1805
1846
1878
547
131
132
133
134
135
406
407
408
409
755
875
876
939
1013
1041
1090
1199
1200
1201
1274
1547
1560
1580
1649
1685
1901
1939
1986
2000
2174
528
529
812
813
992
ๅซŒ
้™
็œผ
็พ
่จ€
ๆธ›
ๅŽณ
ๅนป
้จ“
1201
1398
1399
1135
1599
1607
1787
2061
2155
ใ€ใ‚ณใ€‘
ใ‚ณ
ใ‚ด
ใ‚ณใ‚ฆ
ๅทฑ
้›‡
้กง
ๅ›บ
ๅ€‹
็‹
ๅผง
ๅบซ
ๅค
ๆน–
ๆ•…
ๆžฏ
ๆˆธ
ๅ‘ผ
้ผ“
่™Ž
่ช‡
ๆ‹ 
่™š
ไบ”
ๅพ
ๆ‚Ÿ
่ชž
ๅ‘‰
ๅจฏ
่ชค
่ญท
ๅพก
ๅˆ
ๅพŒ
็ข
็ข
ไบ’
ๆœŸ
ๅทฅ
24
520
521
791
792
836
837
1043
1215
1216
1217
1218
1837
1866
1872
1922
1977
2006
2144
85
86
87
88
200
201
202
859
943
981
981
1131
1258
1559
2158
114
ๅŠŸ
ๆ”ป
ๆฑŸ
็ด…
้ …
่ฒข
ๅทง
่ฌ›
ๆง‹
่ณผ
ๆบ
ๅ‘
่ˆช
ๆŠ—
้ซ˜
็จฟ
ไพฏ
ๅ€™
่’
ๆ…Œ
ไบค
ๆ ก
ๅŠน
้ƒŠ
็ตž
่ผƒ
็ถฑ
้‹ผ
ๅบƒ
้‰ฑ
ๆ›ด
็กฌ
ๅญ
้…ต
่กŒ
ๅ…ฌ
ๆธฏ
ๅ…‰
ๅบท
ๆธฏ
ๆดช
ๅ…ฌ
่€ƒ
ๅฃ
่ˆˆ
็š‡
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
170
171
172
173
221
222
223
414
415
416
417
418
419
671
672
673
674
675
676
794
795
830
831
863
864
869
870
974
1015
1024
1100
1149
1197
1198
1483
1546
1556
1598
1632
index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ดใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ณใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ดใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ณใƒ„
ใ‚ณใƒณ
ๆ’
ๅ‘
ๅนธ
ๅŽš
้ฆ™
ๅญ”
่‚ฏ
ไปฐ
้™
ๅฅฝ
ๅพŒ
็ด…
็š‡
็”ฒ
่€•
ๆ‹˜
่กก
ๆŽง
ๆ ผ
่€—
ๅผ˜
ๅ‰›
ๅท
ๅˆ
ๅผท
่ฑช
ๆ‹ท
้ƒท
ๆฅญ
ๅ‘Š
้…ท
ๅ›ฝ
ๅ‘Š
ๅ…‹
่ฐท
ๅˆป
้ป’
็Ÿณ
็„
ๆฅต
้ชจ
ๆป‘
ๆ‡‡
ๅขพ
ๅฉš
ไปŠ
1638
1650
1696
1698
1714
1724
1766
1777
1792
1816
1826
1839
1857
1897
1955
1956
1971
1988
2159
2165
2243
796
948
1074
1608
1883
1994
2133
2228
926
927
962
1021
1280
1491
1538
1603
2196
1721
1797
422
423
420
421
916
1018
ๆ น
ๆจ
ๆทท
ๅ›ฐ
็ดบ
้ญ‚
ๆ˜†
้‡‘
ๅปบ
็Œฎ
ๆจฉ
่จ€
ๅ‹ค
ๅŽณ
1396
1397
1647
1673
1895
1914
2022
2032
2104
2167
755
1764
2224
2230
ใ‚ถใ‚ค
ใ€ ใ‚ตใ€‘
ใ‚ต
ใ‚ถ
ใ‚ตใ‚ค
ๅทฆ
่ฉ
ๅทฆ
ไฝ
่Œถ
่ฒก
็ ‚
็ ‚
ๆŸป
ๅ†
ๅทฎ
้Ž–
ๅ”†
ไฝœ
ๅบง
ๆŽก
่œ
ๅฝฉ
็ฅญ
้š›
่ฃ
่ผ‰
่ฃ
ๅ‚ต
็ •
่ฒก
ๆญณ
ๆ‰
ๆœ€
่ฒก
5
695
896
897
1017
1046
1049
1411
1589
1769
1815
1942
2023
2039
574
242
243
244
532
533
740
741
742
767
889
1046
1093
1094
1468
1517
ใ‚ตใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ตใƒ„
ใ‚ถใƒ„
ใ‚ตใƒณ
ๆ‰
ๆธˆ
ๆ–Ž
่ฅฟ
ๅ‚ฌ
็ฝ
ๅ†
็ดฐ
ๅฎฐ
ๅˆ‡
ๆฎบ
ๅœจ
็ฝช
ๆ
่ฒก
ๅ‰ค
ไฝœ
ๆ˜จ
้…ข
ๆพ
ๅ‰Š
้Œฏ
็ดข
็ญ–
ๅ†Š
ๅฏŸ
ๆ“ฆ
ๅ†Š
ๆ’ฎ
ๆฎบ
ๆœญ
ๅˆท
ๆ—ฉ
้›‘
ๆ•ฃ
ๅ‚
ๆƒจ
็”ฃ
ๅฑฑ
ไธ‰
ๆกŸ
็”ฃ
่š•
็ฎ—
่ณ›
้…ธ
1518
1539
1540
1548
1664
1682
1684
1770
2088
2096
2116
1135
1432
1516
1517
1542
691
692
693
694
729
1497
1670
1695
2092
452
453
1091
1469
1609
1711
1731
1835
575
55
498
499
709
985
1086
1262
1285
1668
1669
1740
1788
ใ‚ถใƒณ
| 325
ๅ‚˜
ๆฎ‹
ๆฎ‹
ๆšซ
ๆƒจ
2154
1114
1263
2010
2084
ใ€ใ‚ทใ€‘
ใ‚ท
ไน‹
ๅธ
่ฉž
้ฃผ
ไผบ
ๅ—ฃ
ๅฃซ
ไป•
ๅฟ—
่ชŒ
ๆ—จ
ๆŒ‡
่„‚
็ดซ
้›Œ
ๆฌก
ๅงฟ
่ณ‡
่ซฎ
ๅธ‚
ๅง‰
ๅฒ
ไฝฟ
ๆฐ
็ด™
่‡ช
ๅ››
่ฉฆ
ๅญ
ๅˆบ
ๅง‹
ๆ”ฏ
ๆž
่‚ข
ๆญข
ๆ€
็ง
่ฆ–
ๆญป
34
122
123
124
125
126
140
141
142
143
287
288
289
522
523
666
667
668
669
848
849
908
909
914
915
964
967
1059
1077
1152
1268
1402
1403
1404
1554
1568
1662
1702
1743
326 | index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ธ
ใ‚ทใ‚ญ
ใ‚ธใ‚ญ
ใ‚ธใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ทใƒ
ใ‚ทใƒ„
็ฅ‰
ๅธซ
ๆญฏ
่‡ณ
็คบ
่ณœ
็Ÿข
็ณธ
ๆ…ˆ
็ฃ
ๆป‹
่‡ช
ๆ™‚
่พž
ๅญ—
้™ค
ๆ™‚
ไบ‹
ๆฒป
ๅฏบ
ๆŒ
ไพ
ๆ™‚
่พž
้™ค
ๅ…
ๆฌก
็คบ
ไผผ
่€ณ
ไป•
่ญ˜
็น”
่‰ฒ
ๅผ
็›ด
้ฃŸ
่ปธ
่ปธ
ไธƒ
่ณช
ๅฎค
่ณช
ๅคฑ
ๅคฑ
ๆนฟ
1751
1819
1847
1947
2023
2060
2126
2174
209
210
211
945
970
988
993
1027
1099
1107
1267
1433
1434
1435
1436
1504
1510
1571
1619
1744
1784
1839
2262
932
934
1130
1587
1325
2045
1349
552
968
1904
1025
1037
1061
1378
1736
ใ‚ธใƒƒ
ใ‚ธใƒ„
ใ‚ทใƒฃ
ใ‚ธใƒฃ
ใ‚ทใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ทใƒฅ
ๅŸท
ๆผ†
็–พ
ๅ
ๆ—ฅ
ๅฎŸ
ๅฐ„
่ฌ
่ˆŽ
ๆจ
่€…
็คพ
่ปŠ
ๅ†™
่€…
็…ฎ
้ฎ
่ตฆ
ๆ–œ
็ ‚
้‚ช
ๅฐบ
ๆ˜”
ๅ€Ÿ
้‡ˆ
้…Œ
็Ÿณ
่ตค
ๅ‹บ
็ˆต
ๅฏ‚
ๅผฑ
่‹ฅ
็€
ๆœฑ
ๆฎŠ
็ 
ๅฎˆ
็‹ฉ
ไธป
ๆ‰‹
ไธป
ๅ–
่ถฃ
้ฆ–
็จฎ
1745
1907
1923
1156
1574
1629
506
507
911
912
936
941
955
1028
1360
1361
1963
2004
2066
2153
787
1159
1494
1498
1572
1925
2018
2113
2197
2218
1298
1782
1962
2131
182
183
184
516
517
997
1052
1335
1466
1467
1565
1658
ใ‚ธใƒฅ
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฆ
้…’
ๆ‰‹
ไฟฎ
่ก†
ๅ—
ๆŽˆ
้œ€
ๅ„’
ๆจน
ๅฏฟ
ๅฐฑ
ๅทž
ๆดฒ
้…ฌ
็ง‹
ๆ„
้€ฑ
็ต‚
็ฅ
่ข–
ๅ‘จ
้€ฑ
ๅŽ
้›†
ๅฎ—
ๅฐฑ
่ก†
่ฅฒ
ไฟฎ
ๅ›š
ๆ‹พ
็ง€
้†œ
ๅŸท
่ˆŸ
ๅ……
ๅพ“
็ธฆ
้Šƒ
ๅ
ไฝ
ๆŸ”
ๆŸ”
ไฝ
้‡
็ฃ
1661
1573
2234
2239
364
365
366
367
1613
1859
2086
257
258
259
482
483
1018
1053
1279
1350
1533
1534
1552
1576
1588
1689
1749
1763
1768
1778
1813
1868
1976
2131
2185
97
368
369
918
971
995
1007
1245
1336
1625
1879
ใ‚ทใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒ„
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒ„
ใ‚ทใƒฅใƒณ
ใ‚ธใƒฅใƒณ
ใ‚ทใƒง
ใ‚ธใƒง
ๆธ‹
ๆฑ
ๆ‹พ
ๅพ“
ๅฎฟ
็ธฎ
็ฅ
ๅ”
ๆท‘
็ฒ›
ๅกพ
็†Ÿ
ๅ‡บ
่ฟฐ
่ก“
็žฌ
ๆ˜ฅ
ไฟŠ
ๆ—ฌ
ๆฎ‰
็›พ
ๅพช
ๆบ–
้ †
ๅทก
ๅ‡†
็ด”
ๆฝค
้ต
ๆ›ธ
็ท’
ๆ‰€
็ฝฒ
็ฝฒ
่ซธ
็ท’
ๅˆ
ๅ‡ฆ
ๅบถ
ๅฅณ
ๅบ
้™ค
ๅ™
ๅพ
ๅŠฉ
ๅฆ‚
1975
2027
2081
2091
492
493
1279
1295
1296
2085
370
371
571
376
377
1585
1894
2074
372
373
374
375
1767
1851
1948
1961
1991
2003
2181
959
966
995
1362
1363
1364
1367
1692
1746
2217
951
1508
1510
1511
1512
1558
1845
index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฆ
็ซ 
ๅฝฐ
้šœ
ๅ”ฑ
ๆ™ถ
ๅ‡
ๆ˜‡
็„ฆ
็ค
ๅฐ†
ๅฅจ
ๅฌ
ๆ˜ญ
็…ง
ๆ‹›
็ดน
ๆฒผ
่ฉ”
่‚–
ๆถˆ
็ก
ๅฎต
ๅ‹
็”Ÿ
ๅ•†
ๅฐ
็œ
ๆญฃ
ๆ”ฟ
่จผ
็—…
็”Ÿ
ๅง“
ๆ€ง
ๆ˜Ÿ
่ฃณ
่ณž
ๅ„Ÿ
ๆŽŒ
ๅ‚ท
ๅฐ‘
ๆธ‰
ๆŠ„
็œ
็ฅฅ
่ฉณ
254
255
256
308
309
510
511
512
513
514
515
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
725
726
727
728
775
982
1010
1035
1125
1204
1205
1208
1209
1281
1282
1283
1284
1338
1339
1340
1341
1375
1407
1408
1409
1410
1454
1455
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๆพ
่จŸ
้’
็ฒพ
ๆธ…
็ฒง
็›ธ
่ก
่ฑก
็„ผ
ไบ•
ๆ‰ฟ
็ฌ‘
ๅŒ 
ๅบŠ
้˜
็งฐ
็›ธ
ๅฃฐ
่ฃ…
ๅพ“
ไธŠ
ๅฐš
ๅฌข
่ญฒ
ๅฃŒ
้†ธ
ๅฎš
้Œ 
ไน—
ๅ‰ฐ
ๆต„
้™
ไธˆ
ๅธธ
ๅ†—
ๅ ด
ๆˆ
็››
ๅŸŽ
ๅธธ
ๅ ด
ๆƒ…
ๆก
ไธŠ
็•ณ
1481
1482
1524
1525
1526
1563
1565
1633
1646
1681
1707
1747
1783
1819
1865
1875
2080
2088
2109
2138
2207
2220
2236
101
102
103
104
360
361
362
363
833
834
961
983
994
1020
1174
1175
1177
1342
1374
1530
1648
1657
1709
ใ‚ทใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ธใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ทใƒณ
ใ‚ธใƒณ
็ธ„
็Šถ
่’ธ
่ท
้ฃŸ
ๆฎ–
ๆค
่งฆ
้ฃพ
่‰ฒ
ๅ˜ฑ
่พฑ
่พฑ
็”ณ
็ฅž
ไผธ
็ดณ
ๆ–ฐ
่–ช
่ฆช
ไพต
ๆตธ
ๅฏ
่พฐ
้œ‡
ๅจ 
ๆŒฏ
ๅ”‡
็œŸ
ๆ…Ž
ๅฟƒ
ไฟก
็”ณ
ๅฏฉ
้€ฒ
่‡ฃ
่บซ
่จบ
้‡
ๆทฑ
ๆดฅ
่พ›
่‡ฃ
็”š
ไบบ
็ฅž
1848
1858
1964
933
1040
1323
1324
1864
1949
1958
2048
553
735
144
145
146
147
248
249
250
251
252
253
730
731
732
733
734
923
924
946
1002
1527
1551
1586
1593
1620
1656
1725
1796
1863
1909
2266
844
962
1110
| 327
่ฟ…
ๅฐฝ
้™ฃ
ไป
ๅฐ‹
ๅˆƒ
1569
1898
1978
2056
2058
2199
ใ€ใ‚นใ€‘
ใ‚น
ใ‚บ
ใ‚นใ‚ค
ใ‚บใ‚ค
ใ‚นใ‚ฆ
ใ‚นใƒณ
้ ˆ
ๅฎˆ
ไธป
็ด 
ๅญ
ๆ•ฐ
ๅ›ณ
้ ญ
่ฑ†
้ ญ
ไบ‹
ๅž‚
็ก
้Œ˜
็ฒ‹
้…”
ๆฐด
ๆŽจ
็‚Š
้‚
ๅธฅ
ๅ‡บ
็ฉ‚
ๅน
่กฐ
้š
้ซ„
ๆžข
ๆ•ฐ
ๅด‡
ๅฏธ
35
1115
1335
1762
2033
2097
956
1081
1441
1445
2203
736
737
738
887
888
979
1752
1844
1881
1982
2040
2128
2130
2150
400
401
1474
1663
1979
53
ใ€ใ‚ปใ€‘
ใ‚ป
ใ‚ผ
ใ‚ปใ‚ค
7
ไธ–
576
ๆ˜ฏ
ๆ˜ฏ 1487
78
้’
79
็ฒพ
328 | index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ผใ‚ค
ใ‚ปใ‚ญ
ๆธ…
ๆ™ด
้™
่ซ‹
ๆƒ…
ๅˆถ
่ฃฝ
็”Ÿ
ๆ€ง
ๆ˜Ÿ
ๅง“
็‰ฒ
่–
่ฅฟ
ๆ”ฟ
ๆˆ
็››
่ช 
ๆญฃ
็”Ÿ
ๅง“
ๆ€ง
ๆ˜Ÿ
็‰ฒ
็œ
ๆ•ด
้’
็ฒพ
ๆธ…
่ซ‹
ๆ™ด
้™
ๆ–‰
ไธ–
ๅ‹ข
ๅฃฐ
ไบ•
่ช“
ๆญณ
ๅฉฟ
้€
็จŽ
็จŽ
่ฒฌ
็ฉ
็ธพ
80
81
82
83
84
500
501
704
705
706
707
708
1042
1047
1050
1174
1175
1176
1204
1281
1282
1283
1284
1286
1410
1477
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1541
1583
1610
1741
1951
1981
2018
2139
2194
577
1393
764
765
766
ใ‚ปใƒ
ใ‚ปใƒ„
ใ‚ผใƒ„
ใ‚ปใƒณ
ๅฏ‚
ๆ˜”
็ฑ
ๆƒœ
ๅธญ
้šป
็Ÿณ
ๆ–ฅ
่ตค
ๆž
่ทก
ๅค•
็ฏ€
ๅˆ‡
็ชƒ
่ชฌ
่ชฌ
ๆŽฅ
่จญ
ๆŠ˜
็ฏ€
้›ช
ๆ‹™
ๆฎบ
ๆ‘‚
่ˆŒ
็ตถ
ๅ…ˆ
ๆด—
ๆณ‰
็ทš
็นŠ
่ˆน
ๅƒ
ๅฐ‚
้ธ
ๆˆฆ
ไป™
ๅฎฃ
ๆต…
้Šญ
่ทต
้ฎฎ
ๆ‰‡
ๆŸ“
ๅ 
1298
1494
1495
1496
1140
1717
1732
1761
1825
2012
2030
2123
2089
504
505
1058
1392
1579
1616
1633
1694
2201
2211
2225
2242
1502
1688
245
246
502
503
743
823
972
1051
1052
1057
1092
1136
1259
1260
1261
1456
1660
1676
1710
ใ‚ผใƒณ
่–ฆ
ๆ “
ๅท
ๆ—‹
้ท
็พจ
ๆฝœ
ๅ–„
็น•
็„ถ
ๅ…จ
ๅ‰
็ฆ…
ๆผธ
1752
1759
1832
1969
2050
2093
2182
486
487
964
989
1012
1118
2057
ใ€ใ‚ฝใ€‘
ใ‚ฝ
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฆ
ๆ›ฝ
็ต„
็ฅ–
็งŸ
็ฒ—
้˜ป
ๆ›ฝ
็–Ž
ๆŽช
็คŽ
่จด
็ด 
ๅก‘
ๆƒณ
ๅ–ช
ๆ›น
ๆงฝ
้ญ
ๆผ•
็‡ฅ
ๆ“
่—ป
ๅฃฎ
่˜
่ฃ…
็›ธ
ๆƒณ
้œœ
็ท
็ช“
48
148
149
150
151
152
1190
1479
1499
1634
1653
1974
2019
2090
2059
174
175
176
177
257
228
229
260
261
262
263
264
265
306
307
ใ‚พใ‚ฆ
ใ‚ฝใ‚ฏ
ใ‚พใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฝใƒ„
ๅŒ
ๆก‘
ๅ€‰
ๅ‰ต
ไบ‰
ๆŽƒ
้€
ๅฑค
ๅƒง
่ดˆ
ๆœ
่ตฐ
ๆ—ฉ
ๅทฃ
ๆŒฟ
ๅฅ
้จ’
ๅฎ—
่ฑก
ๅƒ
่”ต
่‡“
้€ 
ๅข—
ๆ†Ž
่ดˆ
้›‘
ๅ‰‡
ๆธฌ
ๅด
่ถณ
ไฟƒ
้€Ÿ
ๆŸ
ๆŸ
้€Ÿ
ๆฏ
ๅณ
ไฟ—
ไฟ—
ๆ—
ๅฑž
็ถš
่ณŠ
ๅ’
ๅ’
454
455
472
473
835
1027
1120
1188
1189
1193
1670
1757
1836
1915
1945
1990
1993
2110
488
489
490
491
928
1191
1192
1193
2042
266
267
268
336
337
1023
1068
1475
1746
1801
1900
1143
1492
1138
1748
1755
1855
524
525
index iii: chinese readings
ใ‚ฝใƒณ
ใ‚พใƒณ
ๆ 841
ๅญซ 874
ๆ‘ 1591
ๅฐŠ 1720
ๅญ˜ 1856
ๅญ˜ 578
ใ‚ฟใ‚ฏ
ใ€ใ‚ฟใ€‘
ใ‚ฟ
ใƒ€
ใ‚ฟใ‚ค
ใƒ€ใ‚ค
ๅคš
ๅคช
ไป–
ไป–
้ง„
ๆƒฐ
ๆ‰“
ๅฆฅ
ๅ •
้™€
ไปฃ
่ฒธ
่ข‹
ๅธฏ
ๆปž
ๅฏพ
ๅพ…
ๅฐ
ๅคง
ไฝ“
ๅคช
ๅฐ
ๆ€ 
่ƒŽ
้€€
ๅพ…
้€ฎ
ๆ…‹
้šŠ
ๆณฐ
่€
ๆ›ฟ
ๅคง
้กŒ
ๅฐ
ไปฃ
็ฌฌ
ๅฐ
8
19
1132
1291
1780
898
1465
1776
2031
2235
269
270
271
456
457
862
1034
1070
1073
1084
1150
1264
1265
1266
1401
1438
1679
1690
1773
1818
1905
2137
960
1038
1088
1099
1116
1264
ใƒ€ใ‚ฏ
ใ‚ฟใƒ„
ใƒ€ใƒ„
ใ‚ฟใƒณ
ใƒ€ใƒณ
็ฌฌ
ๅผŸ
้กŒ
ๅ†…
ๅฎ…
่จ—
ๆฒข
ๅ“
ๆ‹“
ๆŠž
ๅบฆ
ๆฟฏ
่ซพ
ๆฟ
้”
่„ฑ
ๅฅช
ๆ—ฆ
่ƒ†
ๆ‹…
ๅฃ‡
ๅ˜
่ช•
ๅ
็Ÿญ
็‚ญ
ๆŽข
ๅ˜†
้›
ๆทก
็ซฏ
ไธน
็”ท
ๅ›ฃ
่ซ‡
ๆฎต
ๆ–ญ
ๆš–
ๅผพ
ๅฃ‡
1416
1417
1488
2007
458
459
1062
1639
1644
1996
2111
2208
1760
1889
572
1395
1906
715
716
717
718
1000
1063
1234
1448
1735
1765
1832
1880
1887
1967
2216
950
957
994
1001
1581
1733
1861
2148
ใƒ‚
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ใƒใƒ„
ใƒใƒฃ
ใƒใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใƒใƒง
ใ€ใƒใ€‘
ใƒ
็Ÿฅ
็Ÿฅ
็—ด
ๆ™บ
9
188
189
190
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฆ
ๅœฐ
ๆฒป
ๅœฐ
ๆฑ 
ๅ€ค
็ฝฎ
็จš
้…
่‡ด
ๆฅ
่ณช
ๅœฐ
ๅœฐ
็•œ
่“„
็ฏ‰
็ซน
้€
็งฉ
็ช’
่Œถ
็€
ๅซก
ไธญ
ๅฟ 
ๆฒ–
ไปฒ
ๆ˜ผ
ๆณจ
ๆณจ
ๆŸฑ
้ง
่จป
ๅฎ™
ๆŠฝ
่™ซ
้‹ณ
่กท
่‘—
็Œช
็ท’
่ฒฏ
้•ท
ๅผต
ๅธณ
ๅผต
956
1267
1287
1288
1321
1322
1637
1886
1997
2005
2204
1004
1287
326
327
1617
2036
2061
1379
2065
543
1671
2180
57
58
59
60
719
1128
1331
1332
1333
1334
1347
1448
2022
2073
2214
1365
1366
1367
1462
65
66
67
68
ใƒใƒงใ‚ฏ
ใƒใƒณ
| 329
ๅพด
ๆ‡ฒ
ๆœ
ๆฝฎ
่ถ…
ๅ…†
่ทณ
ๆŒ‘
็œบ
่…ธ
ๆพ„
ไธ
็”บ
้ ‚
ๅบ
่ชฟ
ๅฝซ
่ด
้‡
้ณฅ
ๅผ”
่ถ
้‡ฃ
็›ด
ๅ‹…
่ณƒ
้Žฎ
้™ณ
ๆฒˆ
็
ๆœ•
328
329
330
331
684
1168
1169
1170
1171
1372
1447
1458
1459
1460
1461
1531
1532
1590
1720
1838
1874
1885
2189
1325
1498
904
925
1330
1727
1940
2136
ใ€ใƒ„ใ€‘
ใƒ„
ใƒ„ใ‚ค
ใƒ„ใ‚ฆ
้ƒฝ
้ƒฝ
้€š
ๅฏพ
่ฟฝ
ๅขœ
้€š
็—›
1074
1368
1830
862
1642
2009
920
921
ใ€ใƒ†ใ€‘
ใƒ‡
ใƒ†ใ‚ค
ๅผŸ
ไฝŽ
ๆŠต
544
153
154
330 | index iii: chinese readings
ใƒ‡ใ‚ค
ใƒ†ใ‚ญ
ใƒ†ใƒ„
ใƒ†ใƒณ
ใƒ‡ใƒณ
ๅบ•
้‚ธ
ๅปท
่‰‡
ๅบญ
่ฒž
ๅต
ๅ‘ˆ
็จ‹
ๅธ
็ท 
ไบญ
ๅœ
ไธ
ๅผŸ
ไธ
่จ‚
ๆ
ๅ ค
ๅฎš
้€“
ไฝ“
ๆณฅ
้ฉ
ๆ•ต
ๅซก
ๆ‘˜
ๆปด
็š„
็ฌ›
ๅพน
ๆ’ค
้‰„
้‰„
่ฟญ
ๅ“ฒ
ๅคฉ
ๅ…ธ
่ปข
ๅบ—
็‚น
ๅฑ•
ๆทป
ๆฎฟ
้›ป
ไผ
155
156
212
213
214
312
313
460
461
462
463
464
465
1064
1417
1458
1464
1485
1486
1140
2026
2103
545
157
158
159
160
161
1129
2147
466
467
958
1376
1377
1715
54
988
1005
1010
1053
1621
1989
2145
947
1136
ไผ 1635
็”ฐ 1862
ๆฎฟ 2046
ใ€ใƒˆใ€‘
ใƒˆ
ใƒ‰
ใƒˆใ‚ฆ
ๅบฆ
ๆธก
ๅ›ณ
้ƒฝ
ๅพ’
้ƒฝ
่ณญ
็™ป
้ ญ
ๅก—
้€”
ๅœŸ
ๅ
ๆ–—
ๅฅด
ๆ€’
ๅŠช
ๅœŸ
ๅบฆ
ๅ”
็ณ–
ๅˆฐ
ๅ€’
ๅก”
ๆญ
็›—
่ฌ„
้จฐ
่—ค
็ตฑ
ๆฑ
ๅฝ“
็ฏ
่ฑ†
็ญ’
ๆก
ๆกƒ
้€ƒ
ๆฑ
ๅ‡
ๅ…š
468
469
959
990
1055
1368
1369
1444
1445
1513
1514
1555
1893
1912
191
192
193
987
1019
470
471
526
527
536
537
670
772
773
774
919
937
953
1134
1153
1166
1167
1172
1173
1326
1327
1344
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ
ใƒˆใ‚ฏ
ใƒ‰ใ‚ฏ
ใƒˆใƒ„
ใƒˆใƒณ
ๆนฏ
่ฑ†
็—˜
้—˜
็™ป
้ ญ
็ฏ
ๅณถ
็ญ”
่จŽ
ๆŠ•
้“
ๅ†ฌ
ๅˆ€
็จฒ
้™ถ
ๆฃŸ
้€
ๆ‚ผ
่ธ
่ชญ
็ด
ๅ‹•
ๅƒ
้“
ๅฐŽ
ๅ ‚
ๅŒ
้Š…
่ƒด
ๆดž
ๅ ‚
็ซฅ
็‰น
่ชญ
็ฃ
ๅพ—
ๅพณ
็ฏค
ๅŒฟ
ๆฏ’
็‹ฌ
่ชญ
็ช
ๅ‡ธ
ๅ›ฃ
1373
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1463
1584
1651
1655
1678
1737
1803
1831
1908
1919
1960
1999
2017
2175
2205
2040
332
333
334
335
1040
1162
1163
1164
1165
1343
1571
1065
1105
1297
1623
1793
2070
2190
1126
1553
1833
1675
2172
1079
่ฑš
ๅฑฏ
้ˆ
ๆ›‡
ใƒ‰ใƒณ
1549
2188
2071
2178
ใ€ใƒŠใ€‘
ใƒŠ
ๅฅˆ
ๅ—
็ด
ๅ†…
ไนƒ
็ด
้›ฃ
ๅ—
็”ท
่ปŸ
็ด
ใƒŠใ‚ค
ใƒŠใƒ„
ใƒŠใƒณ
37
2235
2168
944
2209
2020
1673
1842
2035
2064
2170
ใ€ใƒ‹ใ€‘
ใƒ‹
ใƒ‹ใ‚ฏ
ใƒ‹ใƒ
ใƒ‹ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ใƒ‹ใƒง
ใƒ‹ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใƒ‹ใƒณ
ไบŒ
ไป
ไบŒ
ๅผ
ไป
ๅ…
ๅฐผ
่‚‰
ๆ—ฅ
่‹ฅ
ไนณ
ๆŸ”
ๅ…ฅ
ๅฆ‚
ๅฅณ
ๅฐฟ
ๅฅณ
ๅฟ
่ช
ไปป
ๅฆŠ
ไบบ
1
32
233
234
235
2041
2233
562
561
563
977
1245
1561
2237
2162
564
2034
310
311
902
903
969
ใ€ใƒŒใ€‘
ใƒŒ
ๅฅด
47
index iii: chinese readings
ใ€ใƒใ€‘
ใƒ
ใƒใ‚ค
ใƒใƒ„
ใƒใƒณ
42
็ฅข
ๅฏง 559
็†ฑ 560
็„ถ 440
็‡ƒ 441
ๅนด 1008
ๅนด 1086
ๅฟต 1114
็ฒ˜ 1968
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ใ€ใƒŽใ€‘
ใƒŽใ‚ฆ
่„ณ 398
ๆ‚ฉ 399
่พฒ 444
ๆฟƒ 445
็ด 1612
่พฒ 1674
่ƒฝ 1779
ใ€ใƒใ€‘
ใƒ
ใƒ
ใƒใ‚ค
ใƒใ‚ค
ใƒใ‚ฏ
ๆณข
็ ด
ๆณข
ๆดพ
่ฆ‡
ๆŠŠ
ๅฉ†
้ฆฌ
่‚บ
ๆฏ
้…
ไฟณ
่ผฉ
ๆŽ’
ๆ‹
ๅปƒ
่ƒŒ
ๅ€
ๅŸน
้™ช
่ณ 
ๅช’
ๅฃฒ
่ฒท
็™ฝ
ใƒใƒ
ใƒใƒ
ใƒใƒ„
ใƒใƒ„
18
1423
1424
1560
1758
2083
1425
1840
850
1085
1232
1426
1427
1428
1142
1554
1860
162
163
164
165
808
1036
1552
89
ใƒใƒณ
ๆณŠ
่ฟซ
ๆ‹
่ˆถ
ไผฏ
ๅš
่–„
ๆšด
็ˆ†
ๅš
็ธ›
ๅน•
ๆผ 
้บฆ
ๅ…ซ
็ฝฐ
็™บ
้ซช
ๆณ•
้‰ข
ไผ
้–ฅ
็ฝฐ
ๆŠœ
ๆœซ
ๅŠ
ๅˆค
็•”
ไผด
ๅ‡ก
ๅธ†
่ˆฌ
ๆฌ
้ฃฏ
ๅˆค
ไผด
ๅŠ
็•”
ๅ‚
ๅ
ๆฟ
่ฒฉ
็‰ˆ
้˜ช
้ฃฏ
้ ’
90
91
92
93
94
1380
1381
318
319
1380
1382
702
703
1786
1159
2119
1543
2008
2134
2240
316
317
1577
2054
2166
166
167
168
169
342
343
800
801
943
1178
1179
1180
1181
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1252
ใƒใƒณ
็น
็ฏ„
็Šฏ
็ญ
็…ฉ
่—ฉ
็›ค
็•ช
ๆ™ฉ
ๅˆค
ไผด
ๆฟ
ไธ‡
่›ฎ
1308
1600
1615
1750
2143
2152
802
948
949
1178
1179
1235
1567
2072
ใƒ’ใƒ„
ใƒ’ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒ“ใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒ’ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใ€ใƒ’ใ€‘
ใƒ’
ใƒ“
ๆฏ”
ๆฏ”
ๆ‰น
ๅ‘
็ข‘
้ฟ
้ž
็ง˜
้ฃ›
ๅฆƒ
็ง˜
ๆณŒ
็šฎ
่ขซ
ๅฝผ
็–ฒ
ๆŠซ
้ž
ๆ‚ฒ
ๆ‰‰
่‚ฅ
ๅฆ
่ฒป
็ฝท
ๅฐพ
็พŽ
็พŽ
ๅ‚™
ๅพฎ
้ผป
21
346
347
348
349
853
983
998
1003
1231
1292
1293
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1429
1430
1431
1618
1628
1643
1852
805
1111
1457
1767
1783
1800
ใƒ“ใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใƒ’ใƒณ
ใƒ“ใƒณ
| 331
ๅฟ…
็ญ†
ๆณŒ
ๅฟ…
ๅŒน
็™พ
็™ฝ
็ฅจ
ๆผ‚
ๆจ™
่กจ
ไฟต
่ฉ•
ๆฐท
ๆ‹
ๅ…ต
่‹—
ๆ
็Œซ
็ง’
็—…
็ง’
็ญ‰
่ฒง
ๅ“
ๆตœ
้ ป
่ณ“
ไพฟ
็“ถ
่ฒง
ๆ•
่ฒง
999
1101
1293
1294
2171
550
542
206
207
208
356
357
1626
1789
2044
2105
278
279
280
1412
1158
1139
2038
1251
1582
1822
1944
1972
865
931
1251
1307
1157
ใ€ใƒ•ใ€‘
ใƒ•
ไธ
ไป˜
ๅบœ
็ฌฆ
ไป˜
่…
ๆ™ฎ
่ญœ
ๅฏŒ
ๅธƒ
ๆ€–
6
69
70
71
72
73
340
341
747
818
819
332 | index iii: chinese readings
ใƒ–
ใƒ•ใ‚ฆ
ใƒ•ใ‚ฏ
ใƒ•ใƒ„
ใƒ–ใƒ„
ใƒ•ใƒณ
ๅคซ
ๆ‰ถ
่†š
้ขจ
็ˆถ
ๆ•ท
ๆญฉ
ๅฉฆ
่ฒ 
ๆตฎ
่ตด
่ณฆ
็„ก
่ˆž
้ƒจ
ๅˆ†
ๆญฆ
ๅˆ†
ไพฎ
ๆญฉ
ไธ
ๅฅ‰
้ขจ
ๅฐ
ๅคซ
ๅฏŒ
ๅพฉ
่ค‡
่…น
่ฆ†
็ฆ
ๅ‰ฏ
ๅน…
ๆœ
ไผ
ๆฒธ
ๆ‰•
็‰ฉ
ไป
ๅ™ด
ๆ†ค
ๅขณ
ๅˆ†
ๅˆ†
็ฒ‰
็ด›
824
825
895
1071
1108
1320
1414
1564
1606
1867
1954
2013
324
325
1081
1082
1144
1246
1306
1414
2037
2120
1070
1389
1564
2192
710
711
712
713
744
745
746
1076
2182
2015
2118
1013
1083
197
198
199
1139
1246
1247
1248
ใƒ–ใƒณ
้›ฐ
ๅฅฎ
ๅˆ†
่ž
ๆ–‡
ๅˆ†
1249
1808
945
1009
1106
1246
ใƒ›ใ‚ฆ
ใ€ใƒ˜ใ€‘
ใƒ˜ใ‚ค
ใƒ™ใ‚ค
ใƒ˜ใ‚ญ
ใƒ™ใƒ„
ใƒ˜ใƒณ
ใƒ™ใƒณ
ไธ™
ๆŸ„
็—…
ๅนฃ
ๅผŠ
ไฝต
ๅก€
้–‰
ๅนณ
ๅ…ต
้™›
ไธฆ
็ฑณ
ๅฃ
็™–
ๅˆฅ
็ทจ
ๅ
้
ๅค‰
่ฟ”
่พบ
็‰‡
ไพฟ
ๅ‹‰
ๅผ
272
273
274
344
345
929
930
1519
1570
1773
1857
1938
539
851
852
540
203
204
205
1073
1240
1821
1943
865
952
953
ใ€ใƒ›ใ€‘
ใƒ›
ใƒœ
16
ไฟ
61
่ˆ—
62
่ฃœ
63
ๆตฆ
64
ๆ•
่ˆ— 913
ๆญฉ 1127
ๆญฉ 1414
ๅข“ 696
ๆšฎ 697
ใƒœใ‚ฆ
ๆจก
ๅ‹Ÿ
ๆ…•
ๆฏ
็ฐฟ
ๅŒ…
็ ฒ
ๆณก
ๆŠฑ
่ƒž
้ฃฝ
ๆœ‹
ๅดฉ
ๆ”พ
ๅ€ฃ
ๅฅ‰
ไฟธ
ๅ ฑ
ๆ–น
่Šณ
่จช
ๅฐ
่ฑŠ
้‚ฆ
ๆณ•
ๅฎ
่ค’
ๅ†’
ๅธฝ
ๆฃ’
ๆŸ
่ฌ€
่–
ๆšด
ไบก
ๆœ›
ๅฟ˜
ๅฟ™
้˜ฒ
็ดก
ๅŠ
ๅฆจ
่‚ช
ๅ‚
ๆˆฟ
ไน
698
699
700
1109
1383
95
96
97
98
99
100
354
355
508
509
797
798
991
1316
1317
1318
1389
1446
1672
1850
1869
2184
320
321
799
806
807
1042
1045
1182
1183
1184
1185
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1157
ใƒ›ใ‚ฏ
ใƒœใ‚ฏ
ใƒ›ใƒ„
ใƒœใƒ„
ใƒ›ใƒณ
ใƒœใƒณ
ๆณ•
่ฒฟ
่†จ
ๅ‰–
ๅฆ„
ๅŒ—
ๅƒ•
ๆ’ฒ
็‰ง
ๅขจ
็›ฎ
็ฆ
ๆœด
ๆœจ
ๆณ•
ๆฒก
ๅŠ
ๆœฌ
ๅ
ๅฅ”
็ฟป
็›†
็›†
ๅ‡ก
็…ฉ
1106
1137
1966
2047
2186
549
322
323
1703
1726
1930
2140
2210
2169
2241
541
1311
986
1234
1926
2055
978
1250
1965
2227
ใ€ใƒžใ€‘
ใƒž
ใƒžใ‚ค
ใƒžใ‚ฏ
ใƒžใƒ„
ใƒžใƒณ
้บป
ๆ‘ฉ
็ฃจ
้ญ”
้ฆฌ
ๅฆน
ๆฏŽ
ๆžš
ๆฏŽ
ๅŸ‹
็ฑณ
่†œ
ๅน•
ๆœซ
ๆฒซ
ๆŠน
ๆ…ข
ๆผซ
ไธ‡
136
137
138
139
2221
759
1031
1089
1304
1995
2021
701
702
284
285
286
434
435
973
index iii: chinese readings
ๆบ€ 1636
ใ€ใƒŸใ€‘
ใƒŸ
ใƒŸใƒ„
ใƒŸใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒŸใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใƒŸใƒณ
45
็พŽ
ๆœช 756
ๅ‘ณ 757
้ญ… 758
็พŽ 1457
ๅฏ† 534
่œœ 535
่„ˆ 558
ๅฆ™ 1413
ๆ˜Ž 1562
ๅ 2101
ๅ‘ฝ 2115
ๆฐ‘ 438
็œ  439
ใƒขใ‚ฏ
ใƒขใƒ
ใƒขใƒ„
ใƒขใƒณ
ๆญฆ
็‰Ÿ
็„ก
็Ÿ›
ๅ‹™
้œง
ๅคข
่ฌ€
22
41
1123
1242
1243
1244
2052
2087
ใƒค
ใƒคใ‚ฏ
ใ€ใƒกใ€‘
ใƒกใ‚ค
ใƒกใƒ„
ใƒกใƒณ
้Š˜ 350
ๅ 351
ๆ˜Ž 436
็›Ÿ 437
ๅ‘ฝ 982
่ฟท 1550
้ณด 1811
ๆป… 579
้ข 1098
ๅ… 1117
็ถฟ 1871
ใƒขใ‚ฆ
ๆจก 2002
่Œ‚ 2212
50
ๆฏ›
ๆฏ› 803
ไนŸ
้‡Ž
ไนŸ
้‡Ž
ๅคœ
็ด„
่จณ
่–ฌ
ๅฝน
ๅŽ„
่บ
็–ซ
็›Š
ใƒฆ
ใƒฆใ‚ค
็”ฑ
่ผธ
ๆ„‰
่ซญ
็™’
ๆฒน
็”ฑ
้Š
ๆฒน
็”ฑ
้บ
ๅ”ฏ
ใƒฆใ‚ฆ
14
178
179
180
181
1039
1345
2107
1346
2163
764
1829
็”ฑ
ๆ†‚
ๅ„ช
็”ฑ
ๆœ‰
่ฃ•
่ž
่ช˜
ๅ‹
ๅ‹‡
้Š
้›„
ๅณ
็Œถ
ๆ‚ 
ๅนฝ
1345
480
481
1006
1066
1493
1666
1753
1774
1790
1795
1918
1934
1937
1959
2077
ใƒจใ‚ฏ
ๆฌฒ
ๆตด
็ฟผ
ๆŠ‘
็ฟŒ
ใƒจใ‚ฆ
ไธŽ
ไบˆ
ไบˆ
้ 
ไฝ™
่ช‰
่ฌก
ๆบ
่ฆ
่…ฐ
ๅฎน
ๆบถ
่ธŠ
ๆ›œ
ๆด‹
้™ฝ
้™ฝ
ๆš
็พŠ
ๆด‹
ๆง˜
้คŠ
็ชฏ
ๅนผ
็”จ
่‘‰
ๆ“
ๅบธ
27
1133
1506
1507
1515
1877
474
475
476
477
478
479
922
976
1047
1150
1370
1371
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1637
1643
1839
1983
2219
1489
1490
1754
1910
2051
ใ€ใƒฉใ€‘
ใƒฉ
่‰ฏ
่ฃธ
็พ…
ๆฅ
้ ผ
้›ท
็คผ
ๆฅ
็ตก
่ฝ
้…ช
ๆจ‚
ๆฟซ
ไนฑ
่ฆง
ๅต
ๆฌ„
ใƒฉใ‚ค
ใƒฉใ‚ฏ
ใ€ใƒจใ€‘
ใƒจ
38
954
1290
1509
1830
1068
1069
1078
1575
1932
2076
2122
2223
ใ€ใƒฆใ€‘
ใ€ใƒกใ€‘
ใƒข
804
1182
1183
1186
1187
1730
1952
980
1129
1727
569
557
860
861
1037
1051
2100
ใ€ใƒคใ€‘
ใ€ใƒกใ€‘
ใƒ 
่€—
ไบก
ๆœ›
็ถฒ
็›ฒ
็Œ›
ๅฆ„
ๆœจ
็›ฎ
้ป™
ๅ‹ฟ
็‰ฉ
ๆ–‡
็ด‹
ๅ•
้–€
่ž
| 333
ใƒฉใƒณ
46
763
1953
1033
1480
1896
2114
2237
1355
1356
1357
1827
751
1045
1119
1915
1935
ใ€ใƒชใ€‘
ใƒช
ใƒชใ‚ญ
ใƒชใ‚ฏ
ใƒชใƒ
ใƒชใƒ„
ใƒชใƒฃใ‚ฏ
ใƒชใƒฅใ‚ฆ
ๅˆฉ
ๅˆฉ
ๆขจ
็—ข
ๅฑฅ
้›ข
ๅ
็†
้‡Œ
่ฃ
ๅŠ›
้™ธ
ๅพ‹
็ซ‹
็Ž‡
ๅพ‹
็•ฅ
็•ฅ
ๆต
็กซ
10
236
237
238
714
868
910
963
1160
1936
567
568
566
1553
1680
1683
570
1385
496
497
334 | index iii: chinese readings
ใƒชใƒง
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฆ
ใƒชใƒงใ‚ฏ
็•™
็ฒ’
ๆŸณ
็ซœ
็ซ‹
้š†
ๆ…ฎ
่™œ
ๆ—…
ๅƒš
ๅฏฎ
็™‚
้‡
็ณง
้ ˜
่‰ฏ
ๆ–™
ไธก
ไบ†
็ŒŸ
้™ต
ๆผ
้œŠ
ๆถผ
ๅŠ›
1691
1888
1890
1924
2104
2176
893
894
975
239
240
241
494
495
690
892
963
1148
1601
1728
1946
2117
2135
2177
1104
ใƒชใƒณ
็ท‘
ๅ€ซ
่ผช
ๅŽ˜
ๆž—
่‡จ
้ˆด
้šฃ
2191
899
900
1161
1674
1700
1884
1980
ใƒฌใ‚ญ
ใƒฌใƒ„
ใ€ใƒซใ€‘
ใƒซ
ใƒซใ‚ค
15
ๆต
17
็•™
้กž 1566
็ดฏ 1677
ๅก 1891
ๆถ™ 1902
ใƒฌใƒณ
ใ€ใƒฌใ€‘
ใƒฌใ‚ค
็คผ
ไปค
ๅ†ท
้›ถ
้ˆด
้ฝข
ไพ‹
51
685
686
687
688
689
771
้บ—
้œŠ
้šท
ๅŠฑ
ๆˆป
ๆšฆ
ๆญด
ๅˆ—
็ƒˆ
่ฃ‚
ๅŠฃ
็ทด
ๅป‰
้ŽŒ
็ทด
้Œฌ
้€ฃ
ๆ‹
942
1722
1729
2067
2187
442
443
768
769
770
1415
1044
1202
1203
1328
1329
1672
1712
ใƒญใ‚ฏ
ใƒญใƒณ
ใƒญใ‚ฆ
39
ๅ‘‚
่ทฏ 448
้œฒ 449
็‚‰ 2028
้ƒŽ 424
425
890
891
1112
1146
1876
1911
2079
2105
296
297
971
2229
901
ใ€ใƒฏใ€‘
ใƒฏ
ใ€ใƒญใ€‘
ใƒญ
ๅปŠ
ๆœ—
ๆตช
ๅŠด
่€
ๆฅผ
ๆผ
้œฒ
็ณง
้Œฒ
็ท‘
ๅ…ญ
้นฟ
่ซ–
ใƒฏใ‚ค
ใƒฏใ‚ฏ
ใƒฏใƒณ
12
ๅ’Œ
947
่ฉฑ
่ฉฑ 1503
่ณ„ 573
ๆƒ‘ 1550
่…• 783
ๆนพ 1102
index iv
Japanese Readings
This Index includes only the Japanese readings established as standard
for the โ€œGeneral-Use Kanji.โ€ Any characters treated in this book and
vol. 1 that fall outside that list are given only with their most common
readings. The numbers refer to frames in the present volume.
ใ€ใ‚ใ€‘
ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ใ„ใใก
ใ‚ใ„ใ 
ใ‚ใ†
ใ‚ใˆใฆ
ใ‚ใŠ
ใ‚ใŠใ„
ใ‚ใŠใ
ใ‚ใ‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใ‹ใคใ
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚€
็›ธ
ๅŒ•
้–“
ไผšใ†
ๅˆใ†
้ญใ†
ๆ•ขใฆ
่‚ฏใฆ
้’
้’ใ„
ไปฐใ
่ตค
ๆœฑ
่ตคใ„
ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ™
้ฃฝใ‹ใ™
ๆš
่ตคใ‚‰ใ‚€
ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‚€
่ตคใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ‚Š
ไธŠใŒใ‚‹
ๆŒ™ใŒใ‚‹
ๆšใŒใ‚‹
้จฐใŒใ‚‹
ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„
ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ‚€
263
599
396
382
1074
176
1920
1766
78
78
1777
1825
182
1825
436
100
2179
1825
436
1825
436
1657
1056
1371
773
436
436
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใใชใ†
ใ‚ใใ‚‰
ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‘
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ•
็ง‹
ๅ•†ใ†
ๆ˜Œ
ๆ—ฆ
ๆ™บ
็žณ
ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹
็š„ใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆ˜Œใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆ˜ญใ‚‰ใ‹
็ซ ใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆ™ถใ‚‰ใ‹
ๅฝฐใ‚‰ใ‹
้ฃฝใใ‚‹
ๆ˜Žใ
็ฉบใ
้–‹ใ
ๆ˜Žใใ‚‹
ๆ—ฆ
ๆœฑ
ๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚‹
็ฉบใ‘ใ‚‹
้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹
ๆšใ’ใ‚‹
ๆŠ—ใ’ใ‚‹
้บป
ๆœ
482
1010
580
715
190
598
436
1129
580
678
254
309
255
100
436
556
1594
436
715
182
436
556
1594
1657
1056
1371
223
136
330
336 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ‚ใ–
ใ‚ใ•ใ„
ใ‚ใ–ใชใ†
ใ‚ใ•ใฒ
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚€ใ
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ‚ใ—
ใ‚ใ˜
ใ‚ใ—ใŸ
ใ‚ใ˜ใ‚ใ†
ใ‚ใšใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใ•
ใ‚ใšใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใพ
ใ‚ใšใพใ‚„
ใ‚ใ›
ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใใถ
ใ‚ใŸใ„
ใ‚ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใŸใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใพ
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
ใ‚ใคใ„
ใ‚ใคใ‹ใ†
ใ‚ใคใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใฆ
ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ๅญ—
ๆต…ใ„
็ณพใ†
ๆ—ญ
ๆฌบใ
่ฉใ
้ฎฎใ‚„ใ‹
่ถณ
่„š
ๅ‘ณ
ๆ—ฆ
ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†
้ ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆข“
้ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆฑ
ไบญ
ๆฑ—
็„ฆใ‚‹
้Šใถ
ไพก
ๅ€ค
ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
ๅฎ›ใ‚‚
ๆธฉใ‹
ๆš–ใ‹
ๆธฉใ‹ใ„
ๆš–ใ‹ใ„
ๆธฉใพใ‚‹
ๆš–ใพใ‚‹
ๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆš–ใ‚ใ‚‹
้ ญ
ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„
่พบใ‚Š
ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹
ๅŽšใ„
ๆš‘ใ„
็ฏคใ„
็†ฑใ„
ๆ‰ฑใ†
้›†ใพใ‚‹
้›†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฎ›
ๅ……ใฆใ‚‹
ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹
993
1259
2014
581
1257
695
1456
236
429
757
715
757
1507
638
1507
937
464
1272
512
1795
1665
1321
27
782
1121
1733
1121
1733
1121
1733
1121
1733
1081
248
1821
953
1698
1363
2070
560
608
1576
1576
782
912
953
ใ‚ใจ
ใ‚ใจใคใŽ
ใ‚ใช
ใ‚ใชใฉใ‚‹
ใ‚ใซ
ใ‚ใญ
ใ‚ใฐใ
ใ‚ใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใณใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใณใ‚‹
ใ‚ใถใชใ„
ใ‚ใถใ‚‰
ใ‚ใพ
ใ‚ใพใ„
ใ‚ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใพใ™
ใ‚ใพใญใ—
ใ‚ใพใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใฟ
ใ‚ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‚„
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ†ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚„ใคใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚„ใถใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใก
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใค
ๅฎ›ใฆใ‚‹
ๅพŒ
่ทก
ๅซก
็ฉด
ๅญ”
ๅ‘
ไพฎใ‚‹
ๅ…„
ๆ˜†
ๅง‰
ๆšดใ
ๆšดใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆตดใณใ›ใ‚‹
ๆตดใณใ‚‹
ๅฑใชใ„
ๆฒน
่„‚
ๅคฉ
ๅฐผ
้›จ
็”˜ใ„
็”˜ใˆใ‚‹
ไฝ™ใ™
ๅ‘จใ—
ๆ™ฎใ—
้ใ—
็”˜ใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ไฝ™ใ‚‹
็ถฒ
็พ…
็ทจใ‚€
ๅคฉ
้›จ
็ณ–
็ด‹
ๅฝฐ
ๅฑใ†ใ„
ๆ€ชใ—ใ„
ๅฅ‡ใ—ใ„
ๆ€ชใ—ใ‚€
ๆ“ใ‚‹
ๅฑใถใ‚€
้Žใก
่ชคใก
้Žใค
782
981
2036
159
1805
1724
221
1306
1276
2022
849
318
318
1490
1490
1154
1346
289
54
2233
1545
1909
1909
1515
1533
340
205
1909
1515
373
1953
203
54
1545
471
861
255
1157
724
218
724
228
1157
215
202
215
index iv: japanese readings
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ—
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใš
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใใ†
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸ
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ
ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚“ใš
่ชคใ‚‹
่ฌใ‚‹
ๆญฉใ‚€
่’ใ„
็ฒ—ใ„
ๆด—ใ†
ๆฟฏใ†
ไบˆใ‚
ๅต
่’ใ‚‰ใ™
้žใš
ไบ‰ใ†
่จŸใ†
ๆ–ฐใŸ
ๆ”นใพใ‚‹
ๆ”นใ‚ใ‚‹
่กจใ™
่‘—ใ™
็พใ™
่กจใ‚Œใ‚‹
็พใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆœ‰ใ‚‹
ๅœจใ‚‹
ๅญ˜ใ‚‹
ๆญฉใ
่’ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆณก
ๆฒซ
ๆทกใ„
ๅˆใ‚ใ™
ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ไฝตใ›ใ‚‹
ๆ…ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹
ๅ“€ใ‚Œ
ๅ“€ใ‚Œใ‚€
ๆ
202
507
1127
418
151
246
2208
1133
611
418
983
835
1482
853
1631
1631
356
1365
1135
256
1135
1066
1135
578
1127
418
97
285
1887
1074
1074
929
419
419
1095
1095
594
ใ€ใ„ใ€‘
ใ„
ใ„ใ†
ใ„ใˆ
ใ„ใˆใ‚‹
ใ„ใŠใ†
ไบ•
ไบฅ
็Œช
่จ€ใ†
ๅฎถ
็™’ใˆใ‚‹
็กซ
44
640
1366
1599
281
181
497
ใ„ใ‹ใ™
ใ„ใ‹ใšใก
ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ
ใ„ใใŠใ„
ใ„ใใฉใŠใ‚‹
ใ„ใใ‚‹
ใ„ใ
ใ„ใใ•
ใ„ใ‘
ใ„ใ‘ใซใˆ
ใ„ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ“ใ„
ใ„ใ“ใ†
ใ„ใ•ใŠ
ใ„ใ•ใŽใ‚ˆใ„
ใ„ใ–ใชใ†
ใ„ใ•ใพใ—ใ„
ใ„ใ•ใ‚€
ใ„ใ—
ใ„ใ—ใšใˆ
ใ„ใ—ใถใฟ
ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใšใฟ
ใ„ใใŒใ—ใ„
ใ„ใใ
ใ„ใŸ
ใ„ใŸใ„
ใ„ใ ใ
ใ„ใŸใ™
ใ„ใŸใšใ‚‰
ใ„ใŸใ ใ
ใ„ใŸใ ใ
็”Ÿใ‹ใ™
ๆดปใ‹ใ™
้›ท
ๆ€’ใ‚‹
ๆฏ
็ฒ‹
ๆฐ—
ๅ‹ขใ„
ๅจใ„
ๆ†คใ‚‹
็”Ÿใใ‚‹
ๆดปใใ‚‹
่กŒใ
้€ใ
ๅนพ
ๆˆฆ
่ป
ๆฑ 
็‰ฒ
็Š 
็”Ÿใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ†ฉใ„
ๆ†ฉใ†
ๅ‹ฒ
ๅŠŸ
ๆฝ”ใ„
่ช˜ใ†
ๅ‹‡ใพใ—ใ„
ๅ‹‡ใ‚€
็Ÿณ
็คŽ
็ข‘
่™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆณ‰
ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„
ๆ€ฅใ
ๆฟ
็‰ˆ
็—›ใ„
ๆŠฑใ
ๆ“ใ
่‡ดใ™
่ผธใ™
ๅพ’
้ ‚
้ ‚ใ
| 337
1281
1054
1896
192
1801
887
410
1610
1870
198
704
1054
2238
2194
29
1057
1522
1288
708
77
704
1505
1505
426
115
1799
1753
1790
1790
113
1634
349
2011
502
1185
1029
1235
1237
921
98
1983
1997
178
1055
1460
1460
338 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ„ใŸใ‚€
ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใŸใ‚‹
ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใก
ใ„ใกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ—ใ„
ใ„ใค
ใ„ใคใใ—ใ‚€
ใ„ใคใค
ใ„ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใจ
ใ„ใจใใก
ใ„ใจใ—ใ„
ใ„ใจใชใ‚€
ใ„ใฉใ‚€
ใ„ใช
ใ„ใฌ
ใ„ใฌใ„
ใ„ใญ
ใ„ใฎใ—ใ—
ใ„ใฎใก
ใ„ใฎใ‚‹
ใ„ใฐใ‚‰
ใ„ใฐใ‚Š
ใ„ใพ
ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใพใ 
ใ„ใพใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ„ใ‚€
ใ„ใ‚‚
ใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจ
ใ„ใ‚„
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚€
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚„ใ™
ๆ‚ผใ‚€
็—›ใ‚€
ๅ‚ทใ‚€
็—›ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‚ทใ‚ใ‚‹
่‡ณใ‚‹
ๅˆฐใ‚‹
ๆ ผใ‚‹
ๅŠดใ‚‹
ๅธ‚
่‘—ใ—ใ„
ไบ”
ๆ…ˆใ—ใ‚€
ไบ”ใค
ๅฝใ‚‹
่ฉใ‚‹
็ณธ
็ท’
ๆ„›ใ—ใ„
ๅ–ถใ‚€
ๆŒ‘ใ‚€
ๅฆ
็จฒ
็Šฌ
ไนพ
็จฒ
็Œช
ไบฅ
ๅ‘ฝ
็ฅˆใ‚‹
่Œจ
ๅฐฟ
ไปŠ
ๆˆ’ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹…ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ญฆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆœชใ 
ๅฟŒใพใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅฟŒใ‚€
่Š‹
ๅฆน
ๅซŒ
ๅ‘ใ—ใ„
ๅ‘ใ—ใ‚€
ๅ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
็™’ใ™
2017
921
1375
921
1375
1947
526
2159
1112
848
1365
5
209
5
1941
695
2174
966
1096
1026
1170
1628
1908
1685
1155
1908
1366
640
982
1998
601
564
1018
386
1478
885
756
1230
1230
645
759
1201
348
348
348
181
ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚
ใ„ใ‚ใฉใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Š
ใ„ใ‚
ใ„ใ‚ใ†
ใ„ใ‚ใ
ใ„ใ‚ใ‚“ใ‚„
ๅŒปใ™
็™‚ใ™
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹
ๅฑ…ใ‚‹
่ฆใ‚‹
ๅฐ„ใ‚‹
้‹ณใ‚‹
ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅฎนใ‚Œใ‚‹
่‰ฒ
ๅฝฉใ‚‹
็‚‰
ๅฒฉ
็ฅใ†
ๆ—ฅใ
ๆณใ‚„
935
241
1561
1220
476
506
2073
1561
478
1130
244
2028
1732
1279
605
1278
ใ€ใ†ใ€‘
ใ†
ใ†ใ„
ใ†ใˆ
ใ†ใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใŠ
ใ†ใ‹ใŒใ†
ใ†ใ‹ใถ
ใ†ใ‹ในใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ
ใ†ใ‘ใŸใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ”ใ‹ใ™
ใ†ใ”ใ
ใ†ใ—
ใ†ใ˜
ใ†ใ—ใŠ
ใ†ใ—ใชใ†
ๅฏ
ๅˆ
ๆ†‚ใ„
ไธŠ
ๆคใˆใ‚‹
้ค“ใˆใ‚‹
้ฃขใˆใ‚‹
ๆ ฝใˆใ‚‹
้ญš
ไผบใ†
ๆตฎใ‹ใถ
ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹
ๅ—ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆตฎใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆตฎใ
ๆ‰ฟใ‚‹
ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹
่ซ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ไบซใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™
ๅ‹•ใ
็‰›
ไธ‘
ๆฐ
ๆฑ
ๆฝฎ
ๅคฑใ†
ๅ–ชใ†
664
1692
480
1657
1324
339
531
742
1686
125
1867
1867
364
1867
1867
1747
364
83
1828
332
332
977
663
914
587
331
1061
2059
index iv: japanese readings
ใ†ใ—ใ‚
ใ†ใš
ใ†ใ™ใ„
ใ†ใ™ใพใ‚‹
ใ†ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใšใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ™ใ‚‰ใ
ใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใŸ
ใ†ใŸใ„
ใ†ใŸใ†
ใ†ใŸใŒใ†
ใ†ใŸใ’
ใ†ใก
ใ†ใค
ใ†ใคใใ—ใ„
ใ†ใคใ™
ใ†ใฃใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ‚
ใ†ใง
ใ†ใฆใช
ใ†ใจใ„
ใ†ใจใ‚€
ใ†ใชใŒใ™
ๅพŒใ‚
ๆธฆ
่–„ใ„
่–„ใพใ‚‹
่–„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
่–„ใ‚‰ใ
่–„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆญŒ
่ฉฉ
่ฌก
ๆญŒใ†
่ฌกใ†
ๅ”ฑ
่ฉฉ
ๅŸ
็–‘ใ†
ๅฎด
ๅ†…
ๆ‰“ใค
่จŽใค
ๆ’ƒใค
ๅฐ„ใค
ๆฎดใค
ๅพใค
ๆ‰นใค
ๆ‹ทใค
ๆ’ฒใค
็พŽใ—ใ„
ๅ†™ใ™
้ทใ™
ๆŠ„ใ™
ๆ˜ ใ™
็งปใ™
่ฌ„ใ™
่จดใˆใ‚‹
่จŸใˆใ‚‹
ๅ†™ใ‚‹
ๆ˜ ใ‚‹
็งปใ‚‹
ๅ™จ
่…•
ๅฐ
็–Žใ„
็–Žใ‚€
ไฟƒใ™
981
216
1381
1381
1381
1995
1381
1381
108
1437
474
108
474
308
1437
2195
815
1723
944
1465
1655
1640
506
1473
1207
347
1994
323
45
1028
2050
1409
828
1775
772
1653
1482
1028
828
1775
1919
783
1070
1479
1479
337
ใ†ใชใ˜
ใ†ใญ
ใ†ใฐใ†
ใ†ใถ
ใ†ในใชใ†
ใ†ใพ
ใ†ใพใ„
ใ†ใพใ‚„
ใ†ใพใ‚‹
ใ†ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใฟ
ใ†ใ‚€
ใ†ใ‚
ใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚„ใ†ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใ†ใ‚„ใพใ†
ใ†ใ‚‰
ใ†ใ‚‰ใชใ†
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใพใ—ใ„
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใ‚€
ใ†ใ‚Š
ใ†ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‹ใŠใ†
ใ†ใ‚‹ใŠใ™
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ—
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ‚€
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ†ใ‚Œใ„
ใ†ใ‚Œใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚
ใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
้ …
็•
ๅฅชใ†
็”ฃ
่ซพ
้ฆฌ
ๅˆ
ๅทงใ„
ๆ—จใ„
้ง…
ๅŸ‹ใพใ‚‹
็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”ฃใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆตท
็”Ÿใ‚€
็”ฃใ‚€
ๆข…
ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŸ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆญใ—ใ„
ๆ•ฌใ†
ๆตฆ
่ฃ
ๅ ใ†
ๆจใ‚€
ๆ€จใ‚€
ๆ†พใ‚€
ๆจใ‚ใ—ใ„
็พจใพใ—ใ„
็พจใ‚€
็“œ
ๅฃฒใ‚‹
ๅพ—ใ‚‹
ๆฝคใ†
ๆฝคใ™
ๆผ†
ๆฝคใ‚€
้บ—ใ—ใ„
ๆ„ใ„
ๆ†‚ใ„
ๆ„ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ†‚ใˆใ‚‹
ๅฃฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
็†ฑใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไธŠ
ๆคใ‚ใ‚‹
| 339
119
619
1906
709
1760
1840
981
121
287
1072
1995
704
709
1101
704
709
1305
1995
1995
1715
884
63
1936
1710
1397
781
519
1397
2093
2093
838
1036
1623
2003
2003
1907
2003
942
483
480
483
480
1036
371
1657
1324
340 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ€ใˆใ€‘
ใˆ
ใˆใŒใ
ใˆใ 
ใˆใณใ™
ใˆใ‚€
ใˆใ‚„ใฟ
ใˆใ‚‰ใ„
ใˆใ‚‰ใถ
ใˆใ‚Š
ใˆใ‚‹
ๆฑŸ
้‡
ๆŸ„
ๆž
ๆใ
็”ปใ
็ตตใ
่จณใ
ๆž
่›ฎ
็ฌ‘ใ‚€
็–ซ
ๅ‰ใ„
้ธใถ
ๆŠžใถ
่ฅŸ
ๅพ—ใ‚‹
็ฒใ‚‹
28
1675
1021
1403
280
1086
383
1069
1403
2072
1783
2063
1222
1052
1996
447
1623
857
ใŠใ„ใ‚‹
ใŠใ†
ใŠใ†ใŽ
ใŠใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใŠ
ใŠใŠใ„
ใŠใŠใ„ใซ
ใŠใŠใ†
ใŠใŠใใ„
ใŠใŠใ›
ใŠใŠใฅใค
ใŠใŠใ‚€ใญ
ๅฐ
้˜ฟ
ๅฐพ
้›„
็ท’
ๅพก
่€ใ„ใ‚‹
็”Ÿใ†
่ฒ ใ†
่ฟฝใ†
้€ใ†
ๆ‰‡
็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹
ๅคง
ๅคšใ„
่ก†ใ„
ๅคงใ„ใซ
่ฆ†ใ†
่ขซใ†
ๅน•ใ†
ๅคงใใ„
ไปฐใ›
็ ฒ
ๆฆ‚
ใŠใ‹ใ™
ใŠใŒใ‚€
ใŠใ
ใŠใŽ
ใŠใใช
ใŠใŽใชใ†
ใŠใใ‚‹
ใŠใ
ใŠใใ‚‰ใ™
ใŠใใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ€ใŠใ€‘
ใŠ
ใŠใŠใ‚„ใ‘
ใŠใ‹
1035
2235
805
1918
966
943
1146
704
1606
1642
2069
1660
1053
960
8
1749
960
714
1419
702
960
1777
96
809
ใŠใ‘
ใŠใ“ใ™
ใŠใ”ใใ‹
ใŠใ“ใŸใ‚‹
ใŠใ“ใชใ†
ใŠใ“ใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใชใ„
ใŠใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ…ฌ
ไธ˜
ๅฒก
้™ธ
็Šฏใ™
ไพตใ™
ๅ†’ใ™
ๆ‹ใ‚€
ๆฒ–
่ป
็ฟ
่ฃœใ†
่ตทใใ‚‹
ๅฅฅ
็ฝฎใ
ๆŽชใ
ๅ‡ฆใ
้…ใ‚‰ใ™
้€ใ‚‹
่ดˆใ‚‹
ๅพŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆงฝ
่ตทใ“ใ™
่ˆˆใ™
ๅŽณใ‹
ๆ€ ใ‚‹
ๆƒฐใ‚‹
ๆ…ขใ‚‹
่กŒใ†
ๆ€’ใ‚‹
่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
่ˆˆใ‚‹
้•ท
ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹
ๆŠผใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ๅœงใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ๅนผใ„
ๅŽใพใ‚‹
ๆฒปใพใ‚‹
ไฟฎใพใ‚‹
็ดใพใ‚‹
ๅŽใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฒปใ‚ใ‚‹
ไฟฎใ‚ใ‚‹
็ดใ‚ใ‚‹
1015
2127
655
568
1615
251
320
1142
59
596
1484
62
1228
1708
1322
1499
1746
1886
1120
1193
981
1886
175
1228
598
1787
1265
898
434
2238
192
1228
598
65
1910
1693
538
1637
1552
1099
1768
1612
1552
1099
1768
1612
index iv: japanese readings
ใŠใ˜
ใŠใ—ใ„
ใŠใ—ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใ—ใ‚€
ใŠใ™
ใŠใใ„
ใŠใใ†
ใŠใใ‚Œ
ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใŠใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠใ ใ‚„ใ‹
ใŠใกใ„ใ‚‹
ใŠใกใ‚‹
ใŠใฃใจ
ใŠใจ
ใŠใจใ†ใจ
ใŠใฉใ‹ใ™
ใŠใจใ“
ใŠใจใ—ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใจใ™
ใŠใฉใ™
ใŠใจใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใฉใ‚Š
ใŠใจใ‚‹
ใŠใฉใ‚‹
ใŠใจใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใฉใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใŠใฉใ‚ใ
ใŠใชใ˜
็ด€ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไผฏ
ๅ”
ๆƒœใ—ใ„
ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹
ๆƒœใ—ใ‚€
้›„
ๆŠผใ™
ๆŽจใ™
ๅœงใ™
ๆ‹“ใ™
้…ใ„
ๆ™ฉใ„
่ฅฒใ†
่™ž
ๆใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ€–ใ‚Œใ‚‹
่™žใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆ•™ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ฉใ‚„ใ‹
ๅฆฅใ‚„ใ‹
้™ฅใ‚‹
่ฝใกใ‚‹
ๅ •ใกใ‚‹
ๅขœใกใ‚‹
้›ถใกใ‚‹
ๅคซ
้Ÿณ
ๅผŸ
่„…ใ‹ใ™
็”ท
้™ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ฝใจใ™
่„…ใ™
ๅจใ™
ๅš‡ใ™
่จชใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ธŠใ‚Š
ๅŠฃใ‚‹
่ธŠใ‚‹
่บใ‚‹
่กฐใˆใ‚‹
้ฉšใ‹ใ™
้ฉšใ
ๅŒใ˜
1229
94
1295
1496
871
1496
1918
1693
1752
538
1644
1886
949
1763
657
1903
819
657
1903
871
1970
1776
2068
1356
2031
2009
687
824
1022
544
305
950
2068
1356
305
1870
2215
1318
922
1415
922
2076
2150
886
886
1162
ใŠใซ
ใŠใฎ
ใŠใฎใŠใฎ
ใŠใฎใ‚Œ
ใŠใณ
ใŠใณใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ใŠใณใ‚‹
ใŠใผใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใฟ
ใŠใ‚‚
ใŠใ‚‚ใ„
ใŠใ‚‚ใ†
ใŠใ‚‚ใฆ
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚€ใ
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚€ใ
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚Š
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚“ใฑใ‹ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚„
ใŠใ‚ˆใ
ใŠใ‚ˆใ
ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
ใŠใ‚ˆใถ
ใŠใ‚ˆใผใ™
ใŠใ‚Š
ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚ใ‹
ใŠใ‚ใ—
ใŠใ‚ใ™
ใŠใ‚ใใ‹
้ฌผ
ๆ–ค
ๅ„ใ€…
ๅทฑ
ๅธฏ
่„…ใ‹ใ™
ๅธฏใณใ‚‹
่ฆšใˆใ‚‹
ๆ†ถใˆใ‚‹
่‡ฃ
ไธป
้ข
้‡ใ„
ๆ€ใ†
ๆƒณใ†
ๅฟตใ†
ๆ†ถใ†
่กจ
้ข
่ถฃ
่ตดใ
้Œ˜
ๆ…ฎใ‚‹
่ฆช
ๆณณใ
ๅ‡กใ
ๅŠใณ
ๅŠใถ
้€ฎใถ
ๅŠใผใ™
ๆŠ˜
ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ๆŠ˜ใ‚‹
็น”ใ‚‹
ๅ‡ฆใ‚‹
ๅฑ…ใ‚‹
ๆŠ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ„šใ‹
็—ดใ‹
ๅธ
ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™
ๅธใ™
้™ใ‚ใ™
ๅ •ใ‚ใ™
็–Žใ‹
| 341
1921
2198
1351
24
456
305
456
1849
855
1593
997
1098
1675
1568
264
1114
855
356
1098
1467
1954
738
893
250
195
342
185
185
1679
185
1633
958
1792
1633
1334
1746
1220
1633
779
189
632
958
632
1792
2031
1479
342 | index iv: japanese readings
ใŠใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚“
ใŠใ‚“ใช
็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไบ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ’ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅพก
ๅฅณ
ๅฉฆ
1053
1601
524
943
3
1564
ใ‹ใ„
ใ‹ใ„ใ“
ใ‹ใ†
ใ‹ใˆใ™
ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใฟใ‚‹
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใˆใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŠ
ใ‹ใŠใ‚Š
ใ‹ใŠใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŒใฟ
ใ‹ใŒใ‚„ใ
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ—ฅ
้ฆ™
่šŠ
้นฟ
่ฒ
่š•
ไบคใ†
่ฒทใ†
้ฃผใ†
่ฟ”ใ™
ๅธฐใ™
็œใฟใ‚‹
้กงใฟใ‚‹
่ฟ”ใ‚‹
ๅธฐใ‚‹
้‚„ใ‚‹
ไปฃใˆใ‚‹
ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹
่‚ฏใ˜ใ‚‹
้ก”
้ฆ™ใ‚Š
้ฆ™ใ‚‹
่–ซใ‚‹
ๆŠฑใˆใ‚‹
ๆŽฒใ’ใ‚‹
้ก
้‘‘
่ผใ
ๆ›œใ
ไฟ‚
ๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Š
ไฟ‚ใ‚‹
ๆžถใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ‡ธใ‹ใ‚‹
็œŒใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ
ใ‹ใŽใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ
ใ€ใ‹ใ€‘
ใ‹
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
561
1714
649
2229
584
1668
1275
1552
124
1240
1772
1125
521
1240
1772
394
269
1073
392
2137
1766
1804
1714
1714
427
98
1214
433
750
1521
976
873
607
873
789
607
409
408
ใ‹ใใ™
ใ‹ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‘
ใ‹ใ’
ใ‹ใ‘ใฏใ—
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ“ใ†
ใ‹ใ“ใ‚€
ใ‹ใ•
ใ‹ใ–
ใ‹ใ•ใชใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ•ใญใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ–ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ—ใ
ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ„
ใ‹ใ—ใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ—ใ‚
ใ‹ใ™
ใ‹ใš
ใ‹ใ™ใ‹
ใ‹ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ›
้–ขใ‚‹
ๆ‹˜ใ‚‹
ไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅžฃ
้™ใ‚‹
็”ปใ‚‹
ๆฌ ใ
ๆ›ธใ
ๆใ
้š ใ™
ๅŒฟใ™
้š ใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ณญ
้™ฐ
ๅฝฑ
ๆ™ฏ
ๆกŸ
ๆฌ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆžถใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆŽ›ใ‘ใ‚‹
้ง†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ‡ธใ‘ใ‚‹
่ณญใ‘ใ‚‹
้™ฐใ‚‹
ๅ›ฒใ†
ๅ›ฒใ‚€
ๅ‚˜
็ฌ 
้ขจ
้‡ใชใ‚‹
้‡ใญใ‚‹
็ดฏใญใ‚‹
ๅกใญใ‚‹
้ฃพใ‚‹
็‚Šใ
่ณขใ„
้ ญ
ๆฃŸ
ๆŸ
่ฒธใ™
ๆ•ฐ
ๅ“ก
ๅนฝใ‹
ๅพฎใ‹
ๆŠ„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ ก
996
1956
873
589
1398
1086
1697
959
279
2213
2190
2213
1369
1931
1595
1130
1262
1697
789
607
1471
409
1369
1931
1131
1131
2154
615
1070
1675
1675
1677
1891
1949
1844
876
1081
1960
591
270
1663
839
2077
1783
1409
672
index iv: japanese readings
ใ‹ใœ
ใ‹ใ›ใ
ใ‹ใžใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸ
ใ‹ใŸใ„
ใ‹ใŸใ
ใ‹ใŸใใช
ใ‹ใŸใก
ใ‹ใŸใฉใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใช
ใ‹ใŸใพใ‚Š
ใ‹ใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚€ใ
ใ‹ใŸใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‹ใŸใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰
ใ‹ใก
ใ‹ใค
ใ‹ใคใ
ใ‹ใคใ‚‰
ใ‹ใคใฆ
ใ‹ใฆ
ใ‹ใฉ
ๆขฐ
้ขจ
็จผใ
ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹
็ฎ—ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ–น
็‰‡
ๅฝข
่‚ฉ
ๅž‹
ๆฝŸ
ๆจก
ๅ›บใ„
็กฌใ„
ๅ …ใ„
้›ฃใ„
ๅ‰›ใ„
ๆ•ต
้ ‘ใช
ๅฝข
็Šถ
่ฑก
่ฑกใ‚‹
ๅˆ€
้ญ‚
ๅ›บใพใ‚‹
ๅ‚พใ
ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅ›บใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅใ‚‹
่ชžใ‚‰ใ†
่ชžใ‚‹
ๆ‹ใ‚‹
่ซ‡ใ‚‹
ๅ‚ใ‚‰
ๅพ’
ไธ”ใค
ๅ…‹ใค
ๅ‹ใค
ๆ‹…ใ
ๆก‚
ๆ›ฝใฆ
็ณง
่ง’
ๅœญ
้–€
387
1074
283
1663
1669
1316
1943
1032
1901
451
612
2002
1191
864
875
1673
796
158
299
1032
1858
488
488
1831
1981
791
1756
1756
791
204
88
88
1753
994
1314
1055
661
1280
775
717
1380
48
495
1824
1387
1051
ใ‹ใช
ใ‹ใชใ†
ใ‹ใชใ—ใ„
ใ‹ใชใ—ใ‚€
ใ‹ใชใงใ‚‹
ใ‹ใชใ‚
ใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใš
ใ‹ใญ
ใ‹ใญใ‚‹
ใ‹ใฎ
ใ‹ใฐใญ
ใ‹ใถ
ใ‹ใถใจ
ใ‹ใถใ‚‹
ใ‹ใน
ใ‹ใพ
ใ‹ใพใ†
ใŒใพ
ใ‹ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใฟ
ใ‹ใฟใชใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‚
ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ†
ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใŒใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ 
ๅป‰
้‡‘
้ฉใ†
ๅ”ใ†
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„
ๅ“€ใ—ใ„
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‚€
ๅ“€ใ—ใ‚€
ๅฅใงใ‚‹
่ฆ
่‚
ๅฟ…ใš
้‡‘
้˜
ๅ…ผใญใ‚‹
ๅฝผ
ๅง“
ๆ ช
็”ฒ
่ขซใ‚‹
ๅฃ
็ชฏ
้ŽŒ
่’ฒ
ๆง‹ใ†
่’ฒ
ๆง‹ใˆใ‚‹
ไธŠ
็ฅž
็ด™
้ซช
้›ท
ไบ€
็“ถ
้†ธใ™
้€šใ†
็ฉบ
ๅ”
ๆฎป
ๆผข
้Ÿ“
ๆŸ„
่พ›ใ„
็ƒ
ๆžฏใ‚‰ใ™
ไฝ“
| 343
1202
984
157
304
1430
1095
1430
1095
1990
476
1273
999
984
1875
199
1420
707
595
1897
1419
851
1453
1203
650
171
650
171
1657
145
915
2008
1896
1927
931
104
920
556
470
2142
993
1225
1021
1909
1929
1218
1084
344 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ—
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚Œ
ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ‹ใ‚
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚ใ
ใ‹ใ‚ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใฟใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚“ใฐใ—ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚€ใ‚Š
ๅฅˆ
็ตกใพใ‚‹
็ตกใ‚€
ไปฎ
็‹ฉใ‚Š
็ŒŸใ‚Š
ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹
ๅˆˆใ‚‹
็‹ฉใ‚‹
้ง†ใ‚‹
่ปฝใ„
ๅฝผ
ๆžฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ปฝใ‚„ใ‹
ๅท
็šฎ
ๆฒณ
้ฉ
ๅด
ไนพใ‹ใ™
ๆธ‡ใ
ไนพใ
็‡ฅใ
ไบคใ‚ใ™
็“ฆ
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚‹
็ฅž
่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
ๆกˆใˆใ‚‹
ๅ‹˜ใˆใ‚‹
้‘‘ใฟใ‚‹
่Šณใ—ใ„
ๅ† 
ๅผ
37
1355
1355
1241
517
1728
1498
637
517
1471
721
1420
1218
721
1832
1418
109
1631
268
1155
1212
1155
227
671
621
269
1073
392
2137
145
1546
315
843
750
1317
1807
953
ใ€ใใ€‘
ใ
ใใˆใ‚‹
ใใ
ๆœจ
็”Ÿ
้ป„
ๆจน
ๆถˆใˆใ‚‹
ๅˆฉใ
ๅŠนใ
980
70
402
1613
726
10
673
ใใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใใ•ใ
ใใ–ใ—
ใใ–ใ™
ใใ–ใฏใ—
ใใ–ใ‚€
ใใ—
ใใš
ใใšใ
ใใ›ใ‚‹
ใใใ†
ใใŸ
ใใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใใŸใ™
ใใŸใชใ„
ใใŸใ‚‹
ใใฌ
ใใฎใ†
ใใฎใ“
ใใฎใจ
ใใฐ
ใใณใ—ใ„
ใใพใ‚‹
ใใฟ
ใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‚
ใใ‚ˆใ„
ใใ‚ˆใ—
ใใ‚ˆใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‰ใ†
ใใ‚Š
่žใ
่ดใ
่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ๅŽ
ๅฆƒ
ๅ…†ใ—
ๅ…†ใ™
้™›
้šŽ
ๅˆปใ‚€
ๅฒธ
ๅ‚ท
ๅ‰ต
็ฏ‰ใ
็€ใ›ใ‚‹
็ซถใ†
ๅŒ—
้›ใˆใ‚‹
ๆฅใ™
ๆฑšใ„
ๆฅใ‚‹
็ตน
ๆ˜จ
่Œ
ไน™
็‰™
ๅŽณใ—ใ„
้…ทใ—ใ„
ๆฑบใพใ‚‹
ๅ›
็Ž‹
ๅ…ฌ
ไพฏ
็š‡
ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹
่‚
่ƒ†
ๆธ…ใ„
ๅœญ
ๆธ…ใพใ‚‹
ๆธ…ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆต„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅซŒใ†
้œง
ๆก
้›ฐ
1009
1590
1009
1857
1231
1168
1168
1857
379
1538
1147
1375
473
1617
1671
1277
549
1880
1033
1676
1033
1802
692
1894
565
784
1787
927
1602
847
1113
1015
416
1557
1602
1273
716
80
1387
80
80
833
1201
1244
1167
1249
index iv: japanese readings
ใใ‚‹
ใใ‚Œ
ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚
ใใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใฟ
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹
็€ใ‚‹
ไผใ‚‹
่ฃ‚
ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹
้š›
ๆฅตใพใ‚‹
็ชฎใพใ‚‹
ๆฅตใฟ
็ฉถใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฅตใ‚ใ‚‹
็ชฎใ‚ใ‚‹
504
1671
316
770
504
533
1797
2049
1797
1320
1797
2049
ใ€ใใ€‘
ใใ„ใ‚‹
ใใ†
ใใ
ใใใ‚‹
ใใใ‚‹
ใใ•
ใใ•ใ„
ใใ•ใ‚‰ใ™
ใใ•ใ‚Š
ใใ•ใ‚‹
ใใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ—
ใใ˜ใ‚‰
ใใ™
ใใšใ™
ใใ™ใฎใ
ใใ™ใ‚Š
ใใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ›
ใใ 
ใใ ใ
ใใ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใใ ใ•ใ‚‹
ใใ ใ™
ใใ ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใใ ใ‚‹
ใใก
ใใกใณใ‚‹
ใใกใ‚‹
ใใค
ใใคใŒใˆใ™
ๆ‚”ใ„ใ‚‹
้ฃŸใ†
่ŒŽ
ๆ‹ฌใ‚‹
ๆฝœใ‚‹
่‰
่‡ญใ„
่…ใ‚‰ใ™
้Ž–
่…ใ‚‹
่…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไธฒ
้ฏจ
ๆฅ 
ๅดฉใ™
ๆฅ 
่–ฌ
ๅดฉใ‚Œใ‚‹
็™–
็ฎก
็ •ใ
็ •ใ‘ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ•ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ™
่“
ไธ‹ใ‚‹
ๅฃ
ๅ”‡
ๆœฝใกใ‚‹
้ด
ๅฑฅ
่ฆ†ใ™
1303
1040
722
1501
2182
1836
1873
73
1942
73
73
606
1917
644
355
644
1078
355
852
128
889
889
958
958
762
958
1156
734
1892
113
714
713
ใใคใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใใคใ‚ใ
ใใซ
ใใฐใ‚‹
ใใณ
ใใผ
ใใผใ‚€
ใใพ
ใใฟ
ใใฟใ™ใ‚‹
ใใ‚€
ใใ‚€
ใใ‚‚
ใใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใใ‚„ใ‚€
ใใ‚‰
ใใ‚‰ใ„
ใใ‚‰ใ†
ใใ‚‰ใ™
ใใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ 
ใใ‚Š
ใใ‚‹
ใใ‚‹ใ†
ใใ‚‹ใŠใ—ใ„
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ„
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚€
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‹ใพ
ใใ‚‹ใ‚
ใใ‚Œ
ใใ‚Œใชใ„
ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚
่ฆ†ใ‚‹
ๅฏ›ใ
ๅ›ฝ
้‚ฆ
้…ใ‚‹
้ฆ–
็ชช
ๅ‡นใ‚€
็ชชใ‚€
้˜ฟ
็†Š
็ต„
ไธŽใ™ใ‚‹
็ต„ใ‚€
้…Œใ‚€
้›ฒ
ๆ›‡ใ‚‹
ๆ‚”ใ—ใ„
ๆ‚”ใ‚„ใ‚€
ๅ€‰
่”ต
ๅบœ
ๅบซ
ไฝ
ๆš—ใ„
้ฃŸใ‚‰ใ†
ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™
ๆฏ”ในใ‚‹
็“ฆ
ๆ —
็นฐใ‚Š
ๆฅใ‚‹
็นฐใ‚‹
็‹‚ใ†
็‹‚ใŠใ—ใ„
่‹ฆใ—ใ„
่‹ฆใ—ใ‚€
่‹ฆใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ปŠ
้ƒญ
ๅ‘‰
ๆ™ฉ
็ด…
ๆšฎใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ‘‰ใ‚‹
้ป’
| 345
713
2001
962
1672
1232
1565
630
2173
630
2235
658
148
27
148
1925
1843
2178
1303
1303
472
490
70
1043
1578
1301
1040
697
21
621
643
631
1033
631
1833
1833
1219
1219
1219
955
1913
200
949
118
697
200
1603
346 | index iv: japanese readings
ใใ‚ใ„
ใใ‚ใŒใญ
ใใ‚
ใใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใใ‚ใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
็Ž„
้ป’ใ„
้‰„
ๆก‘
ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹
่ฉณใ—ใ„
ๅง”ใ—ใ„
็ฒ‹ใ—ใ„
็ฒพใ—ใ„
ไผใฆใ‚‹
ๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹
528
1603
958
455
25
1455
1706
887
79
1739
25
ใ€ใ‘ใ€‘
ใ‘
ใ‘ใŒใ™
ใ‘ใŒใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ‘ใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‘ใ™
ใ‘ใšใ‚‹
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ„
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ‚Š
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใ‘ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใ‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆฏ›
ๆฑšใ™
ๆฑšใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆถˆใ™
ๅ‰Šใ‚‹
ๅˆŠใ‚‹
็…™ใ„
็…™
็…™ใ‚‹
็ฃ
้™บใ—ใ„
50
1676
1676
1676
726
729
1271
1016
1016
1016
1879
133
ใ€ใ“ใ€‘
ใ“
ใ“ใ„
ใ“ใ„ใ—ใ„
ใ“ใ†
ใ“ใ†ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ†ใฐใ—ใ„
ใ“ใ†ใน
ๅฐ
ๅญ
ๅ…
ๆœจ
็ฒ‰
้ป„
ๆ‹
ๆฟƒใ„
้ฏ‰
ไนžใ„
ๆ‹ใ—ใ„
็ฅž
ๆ‹ใ†
่ซ‹ใ†
ไนžใ†
่ขซใ‚‹
้ฆ™ใ—ใ„
้ฆ–
1035
1077
1571
980
1248
402
1712
445
590
600
1712
145
1712
83
600
1419
1714
1565
ใ“ใˆ
ใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใŠใ‚Š
ใ“ใŠใ‚‹
ใ“ใŒใ™
ใ“ใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ“ใ
ใ“ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ”ใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใ“ใฎ
ใ“ใ“ใฎใค
ใ“ใ“ใ‚
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ–ใ—
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ–ใ™
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใฟใ‚‹
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ„
ใ“ใ—
ใ“ใ™
ใ“ใšใˆ
ใ“ใŸใˆ
ใ“ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใ ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใจ
ใ”ใจ
ใ”ใจใ
ใ“ใจใ”ใจใ
ใ”ใจใ—
ใ“ใจใชใ‚‹
ใ“ใจใซ
ใ“ใจใฐ
ใ“ใจใถใ
ใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Š
้ ญ
ๅฃฐ
่‚ฅ
่‚ฅใˆใ‚‹
่ถŠใˆใ‚‹
่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹
ๆฐท
้ƒก
ๅ‡ใ‚‹
็„ฆใŒใ™
็„ฆใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆผ•ใ
็„ฆใ’ใ‚‹
ๅ‡ใˆใ‚‹
ไน
ไนใค
ๅฟƒ
ๆ„
ๅฟ—
ๅฟ—ใ™
่ฉฆใฟใ‚‹
ๅฟซใ„
่…ฐ
่ถŠใ™
่ถ…ใ™
ๆขข
็ญ”ใˆ
็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹
ๅฟœใˆใ‚‹
ๆ‹˜ใ‚‹
่จ€
ไบ‹
ๆฎŠ
็•ฐ
็ด
ๆฏŽ
ๅฆ‚ใ
ๅฐฝใ
ๅฆ‚ใ—
่‹ฅใ—
็•ฐใชใ‚‹
ๆฎŠใซ
่ฉž
่พž
ๅฏฟ
็†
1081
174
1618
1618
684
1973
1789
846
1327
512
512
177
512
1327
969
969
946
856
142
142
1059
1810
477
1973
684
592
1651
1651
1011
1956
1999
1107
183
184
2151
1031
1845
1898
1845
563
1814
183
123
988
1859
963
index iv: japanese readings
ใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใช
ใ“ใฎใ‚€
ใ“ใฐใ‚€
ใ”ใธใ„
ใ“ใผใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ“ใพ
ใ“ใพใ‹
ใ“ใพใ‹ใ„
ใ“ใพใ‚‹
ใ“ใฟใก
ใ“ใ‚€
ใ“ใ‚
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚„ใ—
ใ“ใ‚„ใ™
ใ“ใ‚ˆใฟ
ใ“ใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ“ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚Œ
ใ“ใ‚ใŒใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใถ
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚‚
ใ“ใ‚
ใ“ใ‚ใ„
ใ“ใ‚ใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ–ญใ‚‹
็ฒ‰
ๆ˜ฏ
ๅฅฝใ‚€
ๆ‹’ใ‚€
ๅนฃ
้›ถใ‚Œใ‚‹
้ง’
็ดฐใ‹
็ดฐใ‹ใ„
ๅ›ฐใ‚‹
ๅพ„
่พผใ‚€
็ฑณ
่พผใ‚ใ‚‹
่‚ฅใ‚„ใ—
่‚ฅใ‚„ใ™
ๆšฆ
ๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‡ใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ‡ฒใ‚Šใ‚‹
ๅ‡ใ‚‹
่ซธ
ๆ˜ฏ
ๅช
ไผŠ
ไน‹
่ปขใŒใ™
่ปขใŒใ‚‹
่ปขใ’ใ‚‹
ๆฎบใ™
่ปขใถ
่กฃ
ๅฃฐ
ๆใ„
ๆ€–ใ„
ๅ‰›ใ„
ๅฃŠใ™
ๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
1581
1248
576
1816
225
344
687
656
1770
1770
1673
723
612a
539
612a
1618
1618
442
329
817
329
329
817
1364
576
583
33
34
1005
1005
1005
1609
1005
23
174
1903
819
796
388
388
ใ€ใ•ใ€‘
ใ•ใ„ใ‚ใ„
ๅนธใ„
็ฅ‰ใ„
็ฅฅใ„
็ฆใ„
1696
1751
1454
744
ใ–ใˆ
ใ•ใˆใŽใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹
ใ•ใŒ
ใ•ใ‹ใ„
ใ•ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹ใ•ใพ
ใ•ใŒใ™
ใ•ใ‹ใšใ
ใ•ใ‹ใช
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ†
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ•ใŒใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ•ใ
ใ•ใ
ใ•ใใ‚‰
ใ•ใใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‘
ใ•ใ‘ใถ
ใ•ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ•
ใ•ใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ•ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ˜
ใ•ใ™
ๆ‰
้ฎใ‚‹
ๅ‚
้˜ช
้€†
้…’
ๆ€ง
ๅขƒ
็•Œ
ๅŸŸ
ๆ „ใˆใ‚‹
้€†ใ•ใพ
ๆœใ™
ๆŽขใ™
ๆฏ
้ญš
้€†ใ‚‰ใ†
็››ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹
็››ใ‚“
ๆ˜Œใ‚“
้š†ใ‚“
ๅ…ˆ
ๅดŽ
ๅŸผ
ๅ’ฒ
ๅ’ฒใ
ๆžใ
ๅ‰ฒใ
่ฃ‚ใ
ๆกœ
ๆŽขใ‚‹
ๆœใ‚‹
้…’
ๅซใถ
ๅทใถ
่ฃ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ๆใ’ใ‚‹
็ฌน
ๆ”ฏใˆใ‚‹
็Œฎใ’ใ‚‹
ๅˆบใ•ใ‚‹
ๅŒ•
ๅˆบใ™
| 347
1094
1963
1233
1238
1701
1661
705
432
381
551
1699
1701
1670
1765
1085
1686
1701
1175
958
1175
580
2176
245
612
588
660
660
2012
881
770
2124
1765
1670
1661
1992
948
770
853
958
1485
616
1402
1939
1152
599
1152
348 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ•ใšใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ•ใšใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ•ใใ†
ใ•ใ ใ‹
ใ•ใ ใพใ‚‹
ใ•ใ ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ•ใก
ใ•ใจ
ใ•ใจใ„
ใ•ใจใ—
ใ•ใจใ™
ใ•ใจใ‚‹
ใ•ใฐใ
ใ•ใณ
ใ•ใณใ—ใ„
ใ•ใณใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ•ใพ
ใ•ใพใ™
ใ•ใพใŸใ’ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‚€ใ„
ใ•ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‚‰
ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ
ใ•ใ‚‹
ใ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‚
ใ•ใ‚ใ
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆŒ‡ใ™
ๆŒฟใ™
ๅทฎใ™
ๆŽˆใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆŽˆใ‘ใ‚‹
่ช˜ใ†
ๅฎšใ‹
ๅฎšใพใ‚‹
ๅฎšใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅนธ
้ƒท
้‡Œ
ๆ™บ
ๅ“ฒใ„
ๆ•ใ„
ๆ™บใ„
ๆ™บ
่ซญใ™
ๆ‚Ÿใ‚‹
่ฃใ
ๅฏ‚
ๅฏ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅฏ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆง˜
ๅ†ทใพใ™
่ฆšใพใ™
ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹
ๅฏ’ใ„
ไพ
ๅฃซ
ๅ†ทใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹
็šฟ
ๆ›ด
ๆ›ดใซ
็Œฟ
็”ณ
ๅŽปใ‚‹
ๆˆฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆฒข
้จ’ใ
่งฆใ‚‹
้šœใ‚‹
288
1945
1815
365
365
1753
360
360
360
1696
430
1160
190
1715
1307
190
190
180
87
740
1298
1298
1298
1451
686
1849
1312
1734
1435
140
686
1849
634
863
863
277
144
1008
2082
1062
1993
1864
256
ใ€ใ—ใ€‘
ใ˜
่ทฏ
448
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚ใ›
ใ—ใ„ใŸใ’ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ—ใŠ
ใ—ใ‹
ใ—ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ—ใ
ใ—ใใ‚Šใซ
ใ—ใ
ใ—ใ’
ใ—ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ—
ใ—ใš
ใ—ใšใ‹
ใ—ใšใ
ใ—ใšใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใšใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใšใ‚€
ใ—ใŸ
ใ—ใŸใ†
ใ—ใŸใŒใ†
ใ—ใŸใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใ—ใŸใ—ใ„
ใ—ใŸใ—ใ‚€
ใ—ใŸใŸใ‚‹
ใ—ใจใ‚„ใ‹
ใ—ใช
ใ—ใฌ
ใ—ใฎใฐใ›ใ‚‹
ใ—ใฎใถ
ๅนธใ›
่™ใ’ใ‚‹
ๅผทใ„ใ‚‹
ๆฝฎ
ๆฑ
ๅกฉ
้นฟ
็„ถใ‚Š
ๆ•ท
้ ปใ‚Šใซ
ๆ•ทใ
ๅธƒใ
ๆ–ฝใ
ๅฏ
่Œ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฏใ‚‹
็นใ‚‹
้นฟ
็Œช
้™
้™ใ‹
ๆปด
้™ใพใ‚‹
้Žฎใพใ‚‹
ๆฒˆใ‚ใ‚‹
้™ใ‚ใ‚‹
้Žฎใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฒˆใ‚€
ไธ‹
่ˆŒ
ๆ…•ใ†
ๅพ“ใ†
ๆฎ‰ใ†
้ †ใ†
้šใ†
ๅพ“ใˆใ‚‹
่ฆชใ—ใ„
่ฆชใ—ใ‚€
ๆปดใ‚‹
ๆท‘ใ‚„ใ‹
ๅ“
็ง‘
็ดš
ๆญปใฌ
ๅฟใฐใ›ใ‚‹
ๅฟใถ
1696
2011
952
331
587
163
2229
440
1320
1944
1320
818
1289
664
2219
664
1308
2229
1366
82
82
161
82
925
1727
82
925
1727
958
1502
700
368
373
1851
400
368
252
252
161
1296
1582
1122
187
1743
310
310
index iv: japanese readings
ใ—ใฐ
ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใ
ใ—ใฐใ‚‹
ใ—ใถ
ใ—ใถใ„
ใ—ใถใ‚‹
ใ—ใผใ‚‹
ใ—ใพ
ใ—ใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใฟ
ใ—ใฟใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚ใ™
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‚
ใ—ใ‚‚ใน
ใ—ใ‚‰
ใ—ใ‚‰ใ›
ใ—ใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚Šใžใ
ใ—ใ‚Šใžใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‹ใ—
่Š
ๆšซใ
็ธ›ใ‚‹
ๆธ‹
ๆธ‹ใ„
ๆธ‹ใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚‹
ๆพใ‚‹
ๅณถ
้–‰ใพใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚‹
็ท ใพใ‚‹
ๆŸ“ใฟ
ๆŸ“ใฟใ‚‹
ๆณŒใฟใ‚‹
ๆตธใฟใ‚‹
็คบใ™
ๆนฟใ™
ๅ‘ˆใ™
ๅ ใ‚ใ‚‹
้–‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆนฟใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚ใ‚‹
็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไธ‹
้œœ
ๅƒ•
้šท
็™ฝ
็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›
ๅ ฑใ›
่ชฟในใ‚‹
ๆŸปในใ‚‹
ๆคœในใ‚‹
้€€ใ
้€€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅดใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆฑ
ๆถฒ
็Ÿฅใ‚‹
่ญ˜ใ‚‹
ๅฐ
็ซ 
ๅพด
ๆจ™
้จ“
628
2010
1382
1975
1975
1975
475
694
1584
1519
475
463
212
212
1293
252
1744
1736
460
1710
1519
1736
475
463
958
265
322
1729
89
9
991
1531
1589
134
1401
1401
428
2027
1781
9
932
1731
254
328
208
132
ใ—ใ‚‹ใ™
ใ—ใ‚‹ใน
ใ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚
ใ—ใ‚ใ„
ใ—ใ‚“ใŒใ‚Š
่จ˜ใ™
็ฝฒใ™
่ชŒใ™
้Œฒใ™
่ญ˜ใ™
่ญœใ™
ๆจ™
็„ฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
็™ฝ
ไปฃ
ๅŸŽ
็™ฝใ„
ๆฎฟ
| 349
1227
1362
143
296
932
341
208
512
89
209
362
89
2046
ใ€ใ™ใ€‘
ใ™
ใ™ใ„
ใ™ใ†
ใ™ใˆ
ใ™ใˆใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‹ใ™
ใ™ใŒใŸ
ใ™ใŽ
ใ™ใŽใ‚‹
ใ™ใ
ใ™ใ
ใ™ใใ†
ใ™ใใชใ„
ใ™ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‘
ใ™ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ“ใ—
ใ™ใ”ใ™
ๅทž
ๅทฃ
้…ข
้…ธ
้…ธใ„
ๅธใ†
ๆœซ
ๅญฃ
้™ถ
ๆฎใˆใ‚‹
้€ใ‹ใ™
ๅงฟ
ๅฅฝใ
ๆ‰
้ŽใŽใ‚‹
ๅฅฝใ
้€ใ
็›ด
ๆ•‘ใ†
ๅฐ‘ใชใ„
ๅฏกใชใ„
ๅ„ชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ“ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไฟŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ‚‘ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅŠฉ
ไฝ
้€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅฐ‘ใ—
้Žใ”ใ™
257
1915
693
1788
1788
186
284
1667
1919
624
1999
667
1816
647
215
1816
1999
1325
231
1407
485
481
1639
2074
1878
775
1558
897
1999
1407
215
350 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ™ใ“ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ™ใ˜
ใ™ใš
ใ™ใ™ใ
ใ™ใšใ—ใ„
ใ™ใ™ใ‚€
ใ™ใšใ‚€
ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ ใพ
ใ™ใŸใ‚‹
ใ™ใŸใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ™ใงใซ
ใ™ใฆใ‚‹
ใ™ใช
ใ™ใชใฉใ‚‹
ใ™ใชใ‚ใก
ใ™ใน
ใ™ในใฆ
ใ™ในใ‚‹
ใ™ใพใ†
ใ™ใพใ™
ใ™ใฟ
ใ™ใฟใ‚„ใ‹
ใ™ใ‚€
ๅฅใ‚„ใ‹
็ญ‹
ๆก
่„ˆ
็ทš
้ˆด
้›ชใ
ๆถผใ—ใ„
้€ฒใ‚€
ไบ€
ๆถผใ‚€
้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‹
่–ฆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฅจใ‚ใ‚‹
้ญ…
ๅปƒใ‚‹
ๅปƒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ—ขใซ
ๆจใฆใ‚‹
ๆฃ„ใฆใ‚‹
้‡ˆใฆใ‚‹
็ ‚
ๆผใ‚‹
ไนƒใก
ๅณใก
ๅ‰‡ใก
ๅฐฑใก
่ก“
ๅ…จใฆ
็ทใฆ
ๅ‡กใฆ
ๆป‘ใ‚‹
็ตฑในใ‚‹
็ทในใ‚‹
ไฝใพใ†
ๆธˆใพใ™
ๆพ„ใพใ™
็‚ญ
้š…
ๅขจ
ๆธˆใฟ
้€Ÿใ‚„ใ‹
ไฝใ‚€
ๆธˆใ‚€
ๆพ„ใ‚€
407
1899
1648
558
503
688
2201
2177
1586
1927
2117
1586
753
1752
515
758
1554
1554
811
912
1659
1572
1049
1611
36
1900
266
1689
377
989
306
342
423
919
306
995
1539
1447
1735
778
1726
1539
1023
995
1539
1447
ใ™ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚‹ใฉใ„
ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆทใ‚‹
ๆ“ฆใ‚‹
ๆŠนใ‚‹
ๆ‘ฉใ‚‹
้‹ญใ„
ๆ“ฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅบงใ‚‹
ๆฎใ‚ใ‚‹
1731
453
286
137
1349
453
574
624
ใ€ใ›ใ€‘
ใ›
ใ›ใ„
ใ›ใ
ใœใซ
ใ›ใฐใพใ‚‹
ใ›ใฐใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ›ใพใ„
ใ›ใพใ‚‹
ใ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ›ใ‚“ใฎใ
่ƒŒ
็•
็€ฌ
่ƒŒ
้–ข
้Šญ
็‹ญใพใ‚‹
็‹ญใ‚ใ‚‹
็‹ญใ„
่ฟซใ‚‹
ๆ”ปใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹
็ซถใ‚‹
ๆ “
1860
619
646
1860
996
1260
291
291
291
91
116
1746
1277
1759
ใ€ใใ€‘
ใใ†
ใใ†ใ‚ใ†
ใใˆใ‚‹
ใใ
ใใ“
ใใ“ใชใ†
ใใ“ใญใ‚‹
ใใ—ใ‚‹
ใใใ
ใใใฎใ‹ใ™
ใใ ใค
ใใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใใง
ใใจ
ๆฒฟใ†
ๆทปใ†
ๅ‰ฏใ†
ๅ€™
ๆทปใˆใ‚‹
ๆฎบใ
ๅบ•
ๆใชใ†
ๅฎณใชใ†
่ณŠใชใ†
่™ใชใ†
ๆใญใ‚‹
้žใ‚‹
ๆณจใ
ๅ”†ใ™
่‚ฒใค
่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹
่ข–
ๅค–
1481
1989
745
417
1989
1609
155
841
883
1855
2011
841
983
1128
2023
1141
1141
1350
962
index iv: japanese readings
ใใชใˆใ‚‹
ใใชใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใฎ
ใใฐ
ใใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚€ใ
ใใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‰
ใใ‚‰ใ™
ใใ‚‹
ใใ‚ŒใŒใ—
ไพ›ใˆใ‚‹
ๅ‚™ใˆใ‚‹
ๅ…ทใˆใ‚‹
ๅ‚™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅœ’
่‹‘
ๅด
ๅ‚
ๆŸ“ใพใ‚‹
่ƒŒใ
่ƒŒใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆŸ“ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ฉบ
ๅฎ™
ๅใ‚‰ใ™
ๅใ‚‹
ๆŸ
1026
1767
1124
1767
276
780
268
1314
1676
1860
1860
1692
1676
556
1347
1234
1234
806
ใ€ใŸใ€‘
ใŸ
ใŸใ„ใ‚‰
ใŸใˆ
ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใŠใ™
ใŸใŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใ‹
ใŸใ‹ใ„
ใŸใŒใ„
ใŸใ‹ใ—
ใŸใ‹ใคใ
ใŸใ‹ใฉใฎ
ใŸใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใŸใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใŒใ‚„ใ™
ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰
ใŸใ
ใŸใใŽ
ๆ‰‹
็”ฐ
ๅนณ
ๅฆ™
่€ใˆใ‚‹
ๅ ชใˆใ‚‹
็ตถใˆใ‚‹
ๅ€’ใ™
ๅ€’ใ‚Œใ‚‹
้ซ˜
้ซ˜ใ„
ๅด‡ใ„
้š†ใ„
ไบ’ใ„
ๅญ
้Œ 
ๆฅผ
้–ฃ
้ซ˜ใพใ‚‹
้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
่€•ใ™
ๅขพใ™
ๅฎ
่ฒก
ๆป
่–ช
1052
1862
1570
1413
1905
843
1688
527
527
414
414
1979
2176
757
869
361
1876
1353
414
414
1955
421
1869
1046
604
249
ใŸใ
ใ ใ
ใŸใใ„
ใŸใใฟ
ใŸใใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใ‘
ใŸใ‘ใ—
ใŸใ—ใ‹
ใŸใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใ™
ใŸใš
ใ ใ™
ใŸใ™ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใŸใ™ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใŸใšใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใšใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใšใญใ‚‹
ใŸใ 
ใŸใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใŸใ‹ใ†
ใŸใ 
ใŸใ ใ—
ใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ใŸใ ใ™
็‚Šใ
ๆŠฑใ
้กž
ๅŒน
ๅ€ซ
ๅทงใฟ
ๅทฅ
ๅŒ 
่“„ใˆใ‚‹
็•œใˆใ‚‹
่ฒฏใˆใ‚‹
ไธˆ
็ซน
ๅฒณ
่™Ž
ๆญฆ
็Œ›
็ขบใ‹
็ขบใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ถณใ™
้ถด
ๅ‡บใ™
ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚‹
ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹
ไป‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ไฝใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ‰ถใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆดใ‘ใ‚‹
่ณ›ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆบใˆใ‚‹
ๆบใ‚ใ‚‹
่จชใญใ‚‹
ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹
ไผŠ
ๅ…
ๅ”ฏ
็งฐใˆใ‚‹
ๆˆฆใ†
้—˜ใ†
ๅช
ไฝ†ใ—
ๆญฃใ—ใ„
่ฒžใ—ใ„
ๆญฃใ™
็ณพใ™
่จ‚ใ™
| 351
1844
98
1566
2171
899
121
114
1819
327
326
1462
961
2031
2025
1922
22
1730
1738
1738
336
651
571
1558
1558
380
897
825
1558
1740
1645
1645
1318
2058
33
2161
1829
2080
1057
1443
583
618
1204
312
1204
2014
1464
352 | index iv: japanese readings
ใŸใ ใกใซ
ใŸใŸใฟ
ใŸใŸใ‚€
ใŸใ ใ‚ˆใ†
ใŸใก
ใŸใค
ใŸใฃใ—
ใŸใฃใจใ„
ใŸใฃใจใถ
ใŸใฆ
ใŸใฆใ„ใ—
ใŸใฆใพใคใ‚‹
ใŸใฆใ‚‹
ใŸใจใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใช
ใŸใชใ”ใ“ใ‚
ใŸใชใคใ‚‚ใฎ
ใŸใซ
ใŸใญ
ใŸใฎใ—ใ„
ใŸใฎใ—ใ‚€
ใŸใฎใ‚€
ใŸใฎใ‚‚ใ—ใ„
ใŸใฐ
ใŸใณ
่ณชใ™
็›ดใกใซ
็•ณ
็•ณใ‚€
ๆผ‚ใ†
่ณช
็ซœ
่พฐ
็ซ‹ใค
ๅปบใค
ๆ–ญใค
่ฃใค
็™บใค
็ตถใค
้”
ๅฐŠใ„
่ฒดใ„
ๅฐŠใถ
่ฒดใถ
็›พ
็ธฆ
้คจ
็ข‘
ๅฅ‰ใ‚‹
็Œฎใ‚‹
็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹
ๅปบใฆใ‚‹
ๆจนใฆใ‚‹
ไพ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ๆฃš
ๅบ—
ๆŽŒ
็ฉ€
่ฐท
ๆธ“
็จฎ
ๆฅฝใ—ใ„
ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€
ๅฎดใ—ใ‚€
ๅจฏใ—ใ‚€
้ ผใ‚€
ๅ˜ฑใ‚€
้ ผใ‚‚ใ—ใ„
ๆŸ
ๅบฆ
ๆ—…
1037
1325
1709
1709
207
1037
1924
730
1553
406
1581
740
1543
1688
572
1720
1798
1720
1798
374
369
130
349
797
1939
1553
406
1613
771
593
1010
1341
1785
1491
404
1658
1022
1022
1723
201
1480
2048
1480
1068
468
975
ใŸในใ‚‹
ใŸใพ
ใŸใพใ†
ใŸใพใ
ใŸใพใ”
ใŸใพใ—ใ„
ใ ใพใ‚‹
ใŸใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใฟ
ใŸใ‚€ใ‚
ใŸใ‚
ใŸใ‚ใ™
ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚‚ใค
ใŸใ‚„ใ™
ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Š
ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚‰ใ„
ใŸใ‚‰ใ™
ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚ใ‚€ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰
้ฃŸในใ‚‹
็Ž‰
็ƒ
ๅœญ
็ 
ๅผพ
้œŠ
็ตฆใ†
่ณœใ†
็’ฐ
ๅต
้ญ‚
้ป™ใ‚‹
่ณœใ‚‹
ๆฐ‘
ๅฑฏ
็‚บ
่ฉฆใ™
้จ“ใ™
็Ÿฏใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฒฏใ‚‹
ไฟใค
็ตถใ‚„ใ™
ไพฟใ‚Š
้ ผใ‚‹
็›ค
ๅž‚ใ‚‰ใ™
่ถณใ‚Šใ‚‹
่ถณใ‚‹
ๅž‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆˆฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไฟต
1040
548
232
1387
184
1861
1722
1030
2060
395
1915
1914
1721
2060
438
2188
26
1059
132
294
1462
16
1688
865
1480
802
736
336
336
736
2082
357
ใ€ใกใ€‘
ใก
ใกใ„ใ•ใ„
ใกใˆ
ใกใ‹
ใกใ‹ใ„
ใกใ‹ใ†
ใกใŒใ†
ใกใŒใˆใ‚‹
ๅƒ
่ก€
ไนณ
ๅฐใ•ใ„
็นŠใ•ใ„
ๆ™บ
็ฆ
่ฟ‘ใ„
่ช“ใ†
็›Ÿใ†
้•ใ†
้•ใˆใ‚‹
4
1448
977
1035
743
190
2140
1014
1981
437
1221
1221
index iv: japanese readings
ใกใ‹ใฅใ
ใกใ‹ใ‚‰
ใกใŽใ‚‹
ใกใก
ใกใกใ–ใ‘
ใกใขใพใ‚‹
ใกใขใ‚€
ใกใขใ‚ใ‚‹
ใกใขใ‚‰ใ™
ใกใขใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใกใชใ‚€
ใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ™
ใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใกใ‚‰ใ™
ใกใ‚‹
่ฟ‘ใฅใ
ๅŠ›
ๅฅ‘ใ‚‹
็ˆถ
ไนณ
้…ช
็ธฎใพใ‚‹
็ธฎใ‚€
็ธฎใ‚ใ‚‹
็ธฎใ‚‰ใ™
็ธฎใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ› ใ‚€
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ™
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ•ฃใ‚‹
1014
567
1652
1108
977
1357
493
493
493
493
493
905
55
55
55
55
ใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ‚ใ™
ใคใ
ใคใŽ
ใคใใ‚‹
ใคใ
ใคใ
ใ€ใคใ€‘
ใค
ใคใ„ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ„ใง
ใคใ„ใซ
ใคใ„ใ‚„ใ™
ใคใ‹
ใคใŒใ„
ใคใ‹ใ†
ใคใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ•
ใคใ‹ใ•ใฉใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ™
ใคใ‹ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใคใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆดฅ
่ฒปใˆใ‚‹
ๅบใง
ๅ™ใง
็ฌฌ
้‚ใซ
ไบ†ใซ
่ฒปใ‚„ใ™
ๅกš
็•ชใ„
ไฝฟใ†
้ฃใ†
ไป•ใˆใ‚‹
ๅธ
ๅ
ๅฎ˜
ๅฎฐ
ๆ›น
ๅฏฎ
่ท
ๅธใ‚‹
ๅฎฐใ‚‹
ๆŽŒใ‚‹
ๅฐฝใ‹ใ™
ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•ใพใ‚‹
็–ฒใ‚‰ใ™
ๆผฌใ‹ใ‚‹
1863
1643
1508
1511
1116
1881
1601
1643
622
948
909
1560
141
122
910
127
2088
174
240
933
122
2088
1341
1898
64
64
1421
641
ใคใใˆ
ใคใใ™
ใคใใชใ†
ใคใใ‚‹
ใคใใ‚ใ†
ใคใ‘
ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใคใ’ใ‚‹
ใคใŸ
ใคใ˜
ใคใŸใ†
ใคใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใคใŸใชใ„
ใคใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใก
็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅŠดใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅผŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
้ฃใ‚ใ™
ๆœˆ
ๆฌก
ๅฐฝใใ‚‹
ไป˜ใ
็ชใ
่กใ
ๅฐฑใ
็€ใ
้™„ใ
ๅฑžใ
ๆฌกใ
ไบœใ
ๆŽฅใ
็ถ™ใ
ๆณจใ
็ดนใ
ๅ—ฃใ
ๆœบ
ๅ“
ๆกˆ
ๅฐฝใใ™
ๅ„Ÿใ†
่ณ ใ†
ไฝœใ‚‹
ๅ‰ตใ‚‹
้€ ใ‚‹
่ฃฝใ‚‹
็น•ใ†
้™„ใ‘
ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹
็‚นใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅฐฑใ‘ใ‚‹
็€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆผฌใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹
่”ฆ
่พป
ไผใ†
ไผใˆใ‚‹
ๆ‹™ใ„
ไผใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅœŸ
| 353
1421
1112
345
1560
546
666
1898
69
1675
1633
1689
1671
72
1748
666
1818
1579
1592
1128
681
126
530
1639
315
1898
1340
165
691
473
928
501
487
72
69
1053
1689
1671
641
926
652
596a
1136
1136
2211
1136
987
354 | index iv: japanese readings
ใคใกใ‹ใ†
ใคใค
ใคใฅใ
ใคใฅใ‘ใ‚‹
ใคใคใ—ใ‚€
ใคใคใฟ
ใคใฅใฟ
ใคใคใ‚€
ใคใฉใ†
ใคใจใพใ‚‹
ใคใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใช
ใคใชใ
ใคใญ
ใคใฎ
ใคใฎใ‚‹
ใคใฐใ•
ใคใฐใ
ใคใถ
ใคใผ
ใคใผใญ
ใคใพ
ใคใพใณใ‚‰ใ‹
ใคใพใ‚‹
ใคใฟ
ใคใ‚€
ใคใ‚€ใ
ใคใ‚
ใคใ‚ใŸใ„
ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅœฐ
ๅฃŒ
ๅŸนใ†
็ญ’
็ถšใ
็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ…Žใ‚€
่ฌนใ‚€
ๆ–Žใ—ใ‚€
็ฒ›ใ—ใ‚€
ๅ ค
้ผ“
ๅŒ…ใ‚€
้›†ใ†
ๅ‹คใพใ‚‹
ๅŠชใพใ‚‹
ๅŠชใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹คใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ถฑ
็ถญ
็ณปใ
ๅธธ
ๆ’
ๅบธ
่ง’
ๅ‹Ÿใ‚‹
็ฟผ
ๆคฟ
็ฒ’
ๅช
ๅฑ€
ๅฆป
ๅฉฆ
ๅฏฉใ‚‰ใ‹
่ฉฐใพใ‚‹
็ฝช
่ฉฐใ‚€
ๆ‘˜ใ‚€
็ฉใ‚€
้Œ˜
็ดกใ
็ธพใ
็ˆช
ๅ†ทใŸใ„
่ฉฐใ‚ใ‚‹
956
103
163
1166
1755
1755
924
413
1540
2085
1486
1872
95
1576
412
193
193
412
952
794
1630
872
983
1638
2219
1824
699
1754
642
1888
636
1078
1903
1564
1551
879
1432
879
160
765
738
1310
766
610
686
871
ใคใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ‚„
ใคใ‚†
ใคใ‚ˆใ„
ใคใ‚ˆใพใ‚‹
ใคใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‰
ใคใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‰ใฌใ
ใคใ‚‰ใญใ‚‹
ใคใ‚Š
ใคใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‹ใŽ
ใคใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใคใ‚ใ‚‚ใฎ
็ฉใ‚‚ใ‚‹
่‰ถ
้œฒ
ๅผทใ„
ๅ‰›ใ„
่ฑชใ„
ๅผทใพใ‚‹
ๅผทใ‚ใ‚‹
้ข
้€ฃใชใ‚‹
ๅˆ—ใชใ‚‹
่ฒซใ
ๅˆ—ใญใ‚‹
้€ฃใญใ‚‹
้™ณใญใ‚‹
็พ…ใญใ‚‹
้‡ฃใ‚Š
ๅผฆ
้ถด
้‡ฃใ‚‹
ๅ‰ฃ
้€ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ…ต
765
2185
1283
952
796
1883
952
952
1098
1672
768
390
768
1672
1330
1953
2189
529
651
2189
135
1672
1773
ใ€ใฆใ€‘
ใฆ
ใงใ“
ใฆใฎใฒใ‚‰
ใฆใ‚‰
ใฆใ‚‰ใ™
ใฆใ‚‹
ใงใ‚‹
ใฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ‰‹
ๅ‡ธ
ๆŽŒ
ๅฏบ
็…งใ‚‰ใ™
็…งใ‚‹
ๅ‡บใ‚‹
็…งใ‚Œใ‚‹
1052
2172
1341
1433
679
679
571
679
ใ€ใจใ€‘
ใจ
ใจใ„
ใจใ†
ใจใ†ใ’
ใจใ†ใจใ„
ใจใ†ใจใถ
ๅ
ๆˆธ
ๅ•ใ„
ๅ•ใ†
่จชใ†
่ซฎใ†
ๅณ 
ๅฐŠใ„
่ฒดใ„
ๅฐŠใถ
971
1837
1037
1037
1318
669
610a
1720
1798
1720
index iv: japanese readings
ใจใŠ
ใจใŠใ„
ใจใŠใ™
ใจใŠใ‚‹
ใจใŒ
ใจใ‹ใ™
ใจใ
ใจใ
ใจใ
ใจใ‘ใ‚‹
ใจใ’ใ‚‹
ใจใ“
ใจใ“ใ‚
ใจใ–ใ™
ใจใ—
ใจใ˜ใ‚‹
ใจใก
ใจใคใ
ใจใฉใ
ใจใฉใ‘ใ‚‹
ใจใฉใ“ใŠใ‚‹
ใจใจใฎใ†
ใจใจใฎใˆใ‚‹
ใจใฉใพใ‚‹
ใจใชใˆใ‚‹
่ฒดใถ
ๅ
้ ใ„
้€šใ™
้€šใ‚‹
ๅพน
้€
ไบ˜
็ง‘
ๆบถใ‹ใ™
่งฃใ‹ใ™
ๆ™‚
่พฐ
ๅฏธ
ๆบถใ
่งฃใ
่ชฌใ
้‡ˆใ
็ ”ใ
ๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹
่งฃใ‘ใ‚‹
่žใ‘ใ‚‹
้‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ๅบŠ
ๅธธ
ๆ‰€
ๅ‡ฆ
้–‰ใ–ใ™
ๅนด
ๅˆฉ
็–พ
้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‹
ๆ ƒ
ๅซใ
ๅฑŠใ
ๅฑŠใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆปžใ‚‹
ๆ–‰ใ†
่ชฟใ†
ๆ•ดใ†
่ชฟใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹
ๅœใพใ‚‹
้งใพใ‚‹
ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‹
็งฐใˆใ‚‹
1798
971
275
920
920
466
1999
582
1122
479
1572
970
730
53
479
1572
1058
1572
939
479
1572
1666
1881
1865
983
995
1746
1519
1008
10
1923
1519
602
284
625
625
457
1541
1531
1206
1531
1206
465
1333
308
2080
ใจใชใ‚Š
ใจใชใ‚‹
ใจใฎ
ใฉใฎ
ใจใฐใ™
ใจใฐใ‚Š
ใจใณใ‚‰
ใจใถ
ใจใผใ—ใ„
ใจใผใ
ใจใพใ™
ใจใพใ‚‹
ใจใฟ
ใจใ‚€
ใจใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ†
ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‚
ใจใ‚‚ใŒใ‚‰
ใจใ‚‚ใ—ใณ
ใจใ‚‚ใชใ†
ใจใ‚ˆ
ใจใ‚‰
ใจใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใจใ‚Š
ใจใ‚Šใ“
ใจใ‚Šใง
้šฃ
้šฃใ‚‹
ๆฎฟ
ๆฎฟ
้ฃ›ใฐใ™
ๅธณ
ๅนŒ
ๆ‰‰
้ฃ›ใถ
่ทณใถ
ไนใ—ใ„
ๆžข
ๆ–—
ๆญขใพใ‚‹
ๆณŠใพใ‚‹
็•™ใพใ‚‹
ๅฏŒ
ๅฏŒใ‚€
ๅผ”ใ†
ๆญขใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆณŠใ‚ใ‚‹
็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹
ๅ‘‚
ๅ…ฑ
ไพ›
ๆ™บ
ๅฏ…
ๆœ‹
ๅƒš
่ผฉ
็ฏ
ไผดใ†
่ฑŠ
่™Ž
ๅฏ…
ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹
ๅŸทใˆใ‚‹
้€ฎใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ›šใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
้ณฅ
้…‰
้ถ
่™œ
ๅก
| 355
1980
1980
2046
2046
1003
67
597
1431
1003
1109
1157
1474
1912
20
90
17
747
747
1874
20
90
17
1774
39
1194
1026
190
659
354
239
1427
1134
169
1446
1922
659
64
1745
1679
64
1778
1838
633
405
894
1891
356 | index iv: japanese readings
ใจใ‚Šใฎใžใ
ใจใ‚‹
ใฉใ‚
ใจใ‚“
ๆ’คใ
ๅ–ใ‚‹
ๆ•ใ‚‹
ๅŸทใ‚‹
ๆŽกใ‚‹
ๆ’ฎใ‚‹
ๆ‘‚ใ‚‹
็›—ใ‚‹
ๆณฅ
ๅ•
467
1466
64
1745
242
1469
2242
670
545
1037
ใ€ใชใ€‘
ใช
ใชใ„
ใชใˆ
ใชใŠ
ใชใŠใ™
ใชใŠใ‚‹
ใชใ‹
ใชใŒ
ใชใŒใ„
ใชใŒใ™
ใชใ‹ใฐ
ใชใ‹ใพ
ใชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
ใชใ‹ใ‚Œ
ใชใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใชใŽใ•
ใชใ
ใชใใ•ใ‚€
ใชใใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใชใใ‚‹
ใชใ’ใ‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใชใ’ใ
ๅ
่œ
ไบกใ„
็„กใ„
่‹—
ๅฐš
็Œถ
ๆฒปใ™
็›ดใ™
ๆฒปใ‚‹
็›ดใ‚‹
ไธญ
ไปฒ
่กท
้…‰
ๅ‘‚
ๆฐธใ„
้•ทใ„
ๆตใ™
ๅŠใฐ
ๅคฎใฐ
ๅ…š
็œบใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‹ฟใ‹ใ‚Œ
ๆตใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆธš
ๆณฃใ
้ณดใ
ๆ…ฐใ‚€
ๆ…ฐใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฎดใ‚‹
ๆ’ฒใ‚‹
ๅ˜†ใ‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅ˜†ใ
350
243
1182
324
278
2236
1937
1099
1325
1099
1325
59
60
2214
633
39
194
65
15
166
829
1344
1171
569
15
527
2125
1811
359
359
1473
323
1832
1832
ใชใ’ใ‚‹
ใชใ”ใ‚€
ใชใ”ใ‚„ใ‹
ใชใ•ใ‘
ใชใ—
ใชใ™
ใชใšใ‚€
ใชใžใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹
ใชใ 
ใชใค
ใชใคใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใชใคใ‹ใ—ใ‚€
ใชใคใ
ใชใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใฉ
ใชใช
ใชใชใค
ใชใชใ‚
ใชใซ
ใชใซใŒใ—
ใชใฎ
ใชใพ
ใชใพใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใพใ‚ใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใชใพใ‚Š
ใชใฟ
ใชใฟใ 
ใชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹
ใชใ‚„ใพใ™
ใชใ‚„ใ‚€
ใชใ‚‰ใ†
ใชใ‚‰ใ™
ใชใ‚‰ใณใซ
ใชใ‚‰ใถ
ใชใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใชใ‚‹
ใชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ…จใ
ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ๅ’Œใ‚€
ๅ’Œใ‚„ใ‹
ๆƒ…ใ‘
ๆขจ
ๆˆใ™
็‚บใ™
ๆณฅใ‚€
ๅ‡†ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ“ฌใˆใ‚‹
ๆด‹
ๅค
ๆ‡ใ‹ใ—ใ„
ๆ‡ใ‹ใ—ใ‚€
ๆ‡ใ
ๆ‡ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ญ‰
ไธƒ
ไธƒใค
ๆ–œใ‚
ไฝ•
ๆŸ
ไธƒ
็”Ÿ
ๆ€ ใ‘ใ‚‹
่‰ถใ—ใ„
ๅฌŒใ—ใ„
้‰›
ไธฆ
ๆณข
ๆตช
ๆถ™
ๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆ‚ฉใพใ™
ๆ‚ฉใ‚€
ๅ€ฃใ†
็ฟ’ใ†
้ณดใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ…ฃใ‚‰ใ™
ไธฆใณใซ
ไธฆใถ
ไธฆในใ‚‹
ๆˆใ‚‹
้ณดใ‚‹
ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹
810
1678
12
12
84
237
1174
26
545
1961
816
1047
484
389
389
389
389
1439
968
968
2066
106
806
968
704
1265
2185
295
822
1938
18
891
1902
403
399
399
979
1044
1811
391
1938
1938
1938
1174
1811
391
index iv: japanese readings
ใชใ‚
ใชใ‚“
่‹—
็ธ„
็ดข
ไฝ•
278
1848
1670
106
ใ€ใซใ€‘
ใซ
ใซใ„
ใซใˆ
ใซใˆใ‚‹
ใซใŠใ„
ใซใŠใ†
ใซใŒใ„
ใซใŒใ™
ใซใŒใ‚‹
ใซใŽใ‚‹
ใซใใ„
ใซใใ—ใฟ
ใซใใ‚€
ใซใใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใซใ’ใ‚‹
ใซใ”ใ™
ใซใ”ใ‚‹
ใซใ—
ใซใ—ใ
ใซใ˜
ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
ใซใ›
ใซใ›ใ‚‹
ใซใชใ†
ใซใถใ„
ใซใถใ‚‹
ใซใ‚„ใ™
ใซใ‚‹
ใซใ‚
ใซใ‚ใจใ‚Š
่ท
ๆ–ฐ
็‰ฒ
็…ฎใˆใ‚‹
่‡ญใ„
่‡ญใ†
่‹ฆใ„
้€ƒใŒใ™
่‹ฆใ‚‹
ๆกใ‚‹
ๆ†Žใ„
ๆ†Žใ—ใฟ
ๆ†Žใ‚€
ๆ†Žใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
้€ƒใ’ใ‚‹
ๆฟใ™
ๆฟใ‚‹
่ฅฟ
้Œฆ
่™น
ๅปฟ
ๅฝ
่‚–ใ›ใ‚‹
ๆ‹…ใ†
้ˆใ„
้ˆใ‚‹
็…ฎใ‚„ใ™
ไผผใ‚‹
็…ฎใ‚‹
ๅบญ
้ถ
107
853
708
1361
1873
1873
1219
1173
1219
1873
1192
1192
1192
1192
1173
1889
1889
1047
2141
603
627
1741
725
717
2071
2071
1361
1784
1361
214
405
ใ€ใฌใ€‘
ใฌใ†
ใฌใ‹ใ™
ใฌใ‹ใ‚‹
ใฌใใ‚“ใงใ‚‹
ใฌใ
็ธซใ†
ๆŠœใ‹ใ™
ๆŠœใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆŠœใใ‚“ใงใ‚‹
ๆŠœใ
ๆŠฝใ
352
2054
2054
2054
2054
1348
ใฌใ
ใฌใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฌใ’ใ‚‹
ใฌใ•
ใฌใ—
ใฌใ™ใ‚€
ใฌใฎ
ใฌใพ
ใฌใ‚‹
่„ฑใ
ๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹
่„ฑใ’ใ‚‹
ๅนฃ
ไธป
็›—ใ‚€
็ชƒใ‚€
ๅธƒ
ๆฒผ
ๅก—ใ‚‹
| 357
1395
2054
1395
344
997
670
505
818
682
1513
ใ€ใญใ€‘
ใญ
ใญใŒใ†
ใญใ‹ใ™
ใญใŽใ‚‰ใ†
ใญใ“
ใญใฐใ‚‹
ใญใ‚€ใ„
ใญใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใญใ‚‹
ใญใ‚“ใ”ใ‚
ใญใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‹
้Ÿณ
ๆ น
ๅญ
ๅ€ค
้ก˜ใ†
ๅธŒใ†
ๅฏใ‹ใ™
ๅŠดใ†
็Œซ
็ฒ˜ใ‚‹
็œ ใ„
็œ ใ‚‹
ๅฏใ‚‹
็ทดใ‚‹
้Œฌใ‚‹
ๆ‡‡ใ‚
ๅฟตใ˜ใ‚‹
1022
1396
95
1321
814
820
253
1112
280
1968
439
439
253
1044
1329
420
1114
ใ€ใฎใ€‘
ใฎ
ใฎใŒใ™
ใฎใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฎใ
ใฎใŽ
ใฎใ“ใ™
ใฎใ“ใ‚‹
ใฎใ›ใ‚‹
้‡Ž
ไนƒ
ไน‹
้€ƒใ™
้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹
้€ธใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ป’
็ง’
ๆฎ‹ใ™
้บใ™
ๆฎ‹ใ‚‹
้บใ‚‹
ไน—ใ›ใ‚‹
่ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹
954
36
34
1173
1173
1868
1274
1412
1114
1764
1114
1764
362
741
358 | index iv: japanese readings
ใฎใžใ
ใฎใžใ‚€
ใฎใก
ใฎใฐใ™
ใฎใณใ‚‹
ใฎใถ
ใฎในใ‚‹
ใฎใผใ™
ใฎใผใ›ใ‚‹
ใฎใผใ‚‹
ใฎใ‚€
ใฎใ‚Š
ใฎใ‚‹
้ง„ใ›ใ‚‹
้™คใ
ๆœ›ใ‚€
่‡จใ‚€
ๅพŒ
ไผธใฐใ™
ๅปถใฐใ™
ไผธใณใ‚‹
ๅปถใณใ‚‹
ๅฑ•ใณใ‚‹
ๅ…
ๅฏ…
ๅปถในใ‚‹
่ฟฐในใ‚‹
ๅ™ในใ‚‹
ๅฎฃในใ‚‹
ๅฑ•ในใ‚‹
้™ณในใ‚‹
ๆผ”ในใ‚‹
ไธŠใ™
ไธŠใ›ใ‚‹
ไธŠใ‚‹
ๆ˜‡ใ‚‹
็™ปใ‚‹
้จฐใ‚‹
้ฃฒใ‚€
ๅ–ซใ‚€
ๅ‰‡
ๅˆ‘
ๅผ
ๅ…ธ
ๆณ•
ๅพ‹
ๅ„€
็ฏ„
ๆ†ฒ
ไน—ใ‚‹
่ผ‰ใ‚‹
ๅฎฃใ‚‹
ๆญใ‚‹
้จŽใ‚‹
1780
1027
1183
1700
981
146
1596
146
1596
1621
2161
659
1596
376
1511
1136
1621
1330
1597
1657
1657
1657
511
1444
773
1841
1017
266
450
1587
988
1106
566
76
1600
1547
362
741
1136
537
220
ๅˆƒ
็พฝ
่‘‰
ใฏใ‹
ใฐใ‹ใ™
ใฏใŒใญ
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‰ใ†
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใฏใ
ใฏใใใ‚€
ใฏใ’ใ—ใ„
ใฏใ’ใพใ™
ใฏใ’ใ‚€
ใฐใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฏใ“
ใฏใ“ใถ
ใ€ใฏใ€‘
ใฏ
ใฐ
ใฐใ‚ใ•ใ‚“
ใฏใ„
ใฏใ„ใ‚‹
ใฏใˆ
ใฏใˆใ‚‹
2199
2043
1839
ใฏใ–ใพ
ใฏใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ•ใ‚€
ๆญฏ
็ซฏ
ๅ ด
ๅฉ†ใ•ใ‚“
็ฐ
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹
ๆ „ใˆ
ๆ „ใˆใ‚‹
็”Ÿใˆใ‚‹
ๆ˜ ใˆใ‚‹
ๅข“
ๅขณ
ๅŒ–ใ‹ใ™
้‹ผ
่จˆใ‚‰ใ†
ๅ›ณใ‚‹
่จˆใ‚‹
ๆธฌใ‚‹
้‡ใ‚‹
่ซฎใ‚‹
่ฌ€ใ‚‹
็”ปใ‚‹
่จ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ–™ใ‚‹
็•ฅใ‚‹
่ฉ•ใ‚‹
ๆจฉใ‚‹
่ญฐใ‚‹
ๅใ
ๆŽƒใ
ๅฑฅใ
ๆฌงใ
่‚ฒใ‚€
ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„
็ƒˆใ—ใ„
ๅŠ‡ใ—ใ„
ๅŠฑใพใ™
ๅŠฑใ‚€
ๅŒ–ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ฎฑ
ๅ‡ฝ
้‹ใถ
ๆฌใถ
ๅณก
ๆŒŸใพใ‚‹
ๆŒŸใ‚€
1847
1967
1020
1425
1882
1561
1699
1699
170
828
696
199
110
795
49
956
49
267
494
669
907
1086
1464
963
570
1626
755
75
1893
1027
714
1472
1141
1319
769
1048
2067
2067
110
617
1823
1067
801
290
292
292
index iv: japanese readings
ใฏใ—
ใฏใ˜
ใฏใ˜ใ
ใฏใ˜ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜ใ‚
ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆ
ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ—ใ‚‰
ใฏใ˜ใ‚‰ใ†
ใฏใ—ใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜ใ‚‹
ใฏใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใฏใšใ‹ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใšใ™
ใฏใšใ‚€
ใฏใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฏใœใ‚‹
ใฏใŸ
ใฏใ 
ใฏใ ใ‹
ใฏใŸใŒใ—ใ‚‰
ใฏใŸใ‘
ใฏใŸใ™
ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใ
ใฏใค
ใฏใฆ
ใฏใฆใ‚‹
ใฏใจ
ใฏใช
ใฏใชใ—
ใฏใชใ™
ใฏใชใค
ใฏใชใฏใ 
็ซฏ
ๆฉ‹
ๆฅ
ๅผพใ
ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
ๅˆใ‚
ๆ‰
ๅˆใ‚ใฆ
ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆŸฑ
ๆฅใ˜ใ‚‰ใ†
่ตฐใ‚‹
ๅฅ”ใ‚‹
ๆฅใ˜ใ‚‹
ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
่พฑใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅค–ใ™
ๅผพใ‚€
ๅค–ใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ˆ†ใœใ‚‹
็•‘
ๆ——
็ซฏ
ๆฉŸ
่‚Œ
่†š
่ฃธ
่ฆ‡
็•‘
ๆžœใŸใ™
ๅƒใ
ๅˆ
ๆžœใฆ
ๆžœใฆใ‚‹
้ณฉ
่Šฑ
่ฏ
้ผป
่‹ฑ
่ฉฑ
ๆ”พใ™
่ฉฑใ™
้›ขใ™
ๆ”พใค
็™บใค
็”šใ 
1967
293
2005
1861
1268
1692
1094
1692
1268
1332
2005
1757
1926
2005
2005
553
962
1861
962
319
589
1253
1967
301
586
895
763
1758
589
760
333
1692
760
760
653
111
1151
1800
827
947
508
947
868
508
1543
844
ใฏใชใฏใ ใ—ใ„
ใฏใชใถใ•
ใฏใชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฏใญ
ใฏใญใ‚‹
ใฏใฏ
ใฏใฐ
ใฐใฐ
ใฏใฐใ‚€
ใฏใถใ
ใฏใพ
ใฏใ‚„
ใฏใ‚„ใ„
ใฏใ‚„ใ—
ใฏใ‚„ใ™
ใฏใ‚„ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚‰
ใฏใ‚‰ใ†
ใฏใ‚‰ใ™
ใฏใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใฏใ‚‰ใ‚ใŸ
ใฏใ‚Š
ใฏใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”šใ ใ—ใ„
่‹ฑ
ๆ”พใ‚Œใ‚‹
้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹
็พฝ
่ทณใญใ‚‹
ๆฏ
ๅน…
ๅฉ†
้˜ปใ‚€
็œใ
ๆตœ
ๆ—ฉ
ๆ—ฉใ„
้€Ÿใ„
่ฟ…ใ„
ๅฅ”ใ„
ๆž—
็”Ÿใ‚„ใ™
ๆ—ฉใพใ‚‹
ๆ—ฉใ‚ใ‚‹
้€Ÿใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŽŸ
่…น
ๆ‰•ใ†
ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ™
ๅฆŠใ‚€
่ƒŽใ‚€
ๅจ ใ‚€
่…ธ
่‡“
้‡
ๅธณ
ๆ˜ฅ
ๅผตใ‚‹
ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ‚‹
่„นใ‚Œใ‚‹
| 359
844
827
508
868
2043
1109
1109
746
1425
152
1125
1822
1835
1835
1023
1569
1926
1674
70
1835
1835
1023
812
712
2118
81
903
1266
732
1372
491
1725
67
1794
66
81
68
ใ€ใฒใ€‘
ใฒ
ใฒใ„ใงใ‚‹
ใฒใˆใ‚‹
ๆ—ฅ
็ซ
ๆฐท
็ฏ
้™ฝ
็ง€ใงใ‚‹
ๅ†ทใˆใ‚‹
561
976
1789
1134
1150
1868
686
360 | index iv: japanese readings
ใฒใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใฒใŒใ—
ใฒใ‹ใ‚Š
ใฒใ‹ใ‚‹
ใฒใ
ใฒใใ„ใ‚‹
ใฒใใ—ใพใ‚‹
ใฒใ
ใฒใใ„
ใฒใใพใ‚‹
ใฒใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฒใ“
ใฒใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฒใ•
ใฒใ•ใ—
ใฒใ•ใ—ใ„
ใฒใ—
ใฒใ˜ใ‚Š
ใฒใใ‹
ใฒใใ‚€
ใฒใŸใ„
ใฒใŸใ™
ใฒใ ใ‚Š
ใฒใŸใ‚‹
ใฒใคใŽ
ใฒใคใ˜
ใฒใจ
ใฒใฉใ„
ใฒใจใˆ
ใฒใจใ—ใ„
ใฒใจใค
ๆŽงใˆใ‚‹
ๆฑ
ๅ…‰
ๆ›œ
ๅ…‰ใ‚‹
ๅŒน
็Ž‡ใ„ใ‚‹
ๅธฅใ„ใ‚‹
ๅฐ†ใ„ใ‚‹
็ทŠใพใ‚‹
ๅผ•ใ
ๅผพใ
ๆŠฝใ
ๆดใ
ไฝŽใ„
ไฝŽใพใ‚‹
ไฝŽใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฝฆ
ๅผ•ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆก
ไน‹
ไบ€
ๅปŠ
ไน…ใ—ใ„
่ฑ
่–
ๅฏ†ใ‹
ๆฝœใ‚€
้ก
้กŒ
ๆตธใ™
ๅทฆ
ๆตธใ‚‹
ๆฃบ
็พŠ
ๆœช
ไธ€
ไบบ
ไป
้…ทใ„
ๅ˜
็ญ‰ใ—ใ„
ๅ‡ใ—ใ„
ๆ–‰ใ—ใ„
ไธ€ใค
ๅฃฑใค
1988
937
1100
976
1100
2171
525
1982
514
877
1806
1861
1348
1558
153
153
153
648
1806
1167
34
1927
425
2157
639
1042
534
2182
1359
1038
252
77
252
129
1449
756
965
962
32
927
1000
1439
1570
1541
965
973
ใฒใจใฟ
ใฒใจใ‚„
ใฒใจใ‚Š
ใฒใชใŸ
ใฒใฎใˆ
ใฒใฎใจ
ใฒใณใ
ใฒใณใ
ใฒใพ
ใฒใ‚
ใฒใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚„
ใฒใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ใฒใ‚„ใ™
ใฒใ‚‰
ใฒใ‚‰ใ
ใฒใ‚‰ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚‹ใŒใˆใ™
ใฒใ‚‹ใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚
ใฒใ‚ใ„
ใฒใ‚ใ†
ใฒใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ—
ใฒใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
้šปใค
็žณ
็„
็‹ฌใ‚Š
้™ฝ
ไธ™
ไธ
้Ÿปใ
้Ÿฟใ
้Ÿฟใ
ๆš‡
้–‘
ๅงซ
ๅช›
็ง˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ†ทใ‚„
ๅ†ทใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ๅ†ทใ‚„ใ™
ๅนณ
ๆžš
้–‹ใ
ๆŠซใ
ๅ•“ใ
ๆŽ’ใ
ๅขพใ
้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ˜ผ
ๅนฒใ‚‹
็ฟปใ™
็ฟปใ‚‹
ไธ‘
ๅผ˜
ๅฐ‹
ๅฝฆ
ๅบƒใ„
ๅผ˜ใ„
ๅšใ„
ๅฏ›ใ„
ๆ‹พใ†
ๅบƒใŒใ‚‹
ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹
ๅผ˜
ๅš
ไบ˜
ๅบƒใพใ‚‹
ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹
1717
598
1721
1553
1150
272
1064
840
431
431
1817
2146
613
654
998
686
686
686
1570
1089
1594
1422
1718
1428
421
1594
719
1270
2055
2055
663
2243
2058
648
830
2243
1380
2001
1813
830
830
2243
1380
582
830
830
index iv: japanese readings
ๆ‹กใ‚ใ‚‹
832
ใ€ใตใ€‘
ใตใˆ
ใตใˆใ‚‹
ใตใ‹ใ„
ใตใ‹ใ™
ใตใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใตใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใตใ
ใตใใ‚€
ใตใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใตใใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใตใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใตใใ‚
ใตใ‘ใ‚‹
ใตใ•
ใตใ•ใŒใ‚‹
ใตใ•ใ
ใตใ—
ใตใ˜
ใตใ™
ใตใ›ใ
ใตใ›ใ‚‹
ใตใŸ
ใตใ 
ใถใŸ
ใตใŸใŸใณ
ใตใŸใค
ใตใก
็ฌ›
ๆฎ–ใˆใ‚‹
ๅข—ใˆใ‚‹
ๆทฑใ„
ๆ›ดใ‹ใ™
ๆทฑใพใ‚‹
ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅนใ
ๅ™ดใ
ๅซใ‚€
ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹
่†จใ‚‰ใ‚€
่†จใ‚Œใ‚‹
่„นใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ข‹
่€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ›ดใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆˆฟ
็ท
ๅฏ…
็ช’ใŒใ‚‹
็ช’ใ
็ฏ€
่—ค
ไผใ™
้˜ฒใ
ไผใ›ใ‚‹
ไบŒ
ๅŒ
ๆœญ
็‰ˆ
็ฅจ
็ฌฆ
็ฐก
่ฑš
ๅ†ใณ
ไธกใณ
ๅพฉใณ
ไบŒใค
ๅผใค
ไธกใค
็ธ
็งฉ
2147
1323
1191
1796
863
1796
1796
2130
197
2075
2075
1966
1966
68
271
1146
863
1315
306
659
2065
2065
1694
774
2182
1309
2182
1
454
1711
1237
206
71
397
1549
1684
1148
710
1
234
1148
1916
1379
ใตใง
ใตใจใ„
ใตใจใ“ใ‚
ใตใจใ‚‹
ใตใช
ใตใญ
ใตใพใˆใ‚‹
ใตใฟ
ใตใ‚€
ใตใ‚„ใ™
ใตใ‚†
ใตใ‚‹
ใตใ‚‹ใ„
ใตใ‚‹ใ†
ใตใ‚‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใตใ‚‹ใ™
ใตใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ญ†
ๅคชใ„
ๆ‡
ๅคชใ‚‹
่ˆŸ
่ˆน
่ˆŸ
่ˆน
่ˆช
่ธใพใˆใ‚‹
ๆ–‡
ๅ†Š
ๅฒ
ๆ›ธ
็ฑ
่ธใ‚€
่ทตใ‚€
ๆฎ–ใ‚„ใ™
ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™
ๅ†ฌ
ๆŒฏใ‚‹
้™ใ‚‹
ๅคใ„
ๆ—งใ„
ๆ•…ใ„
ๆŒฏใ‚‹ใ†
้œ‡ใ†
ๅฅฎใ†
ๆฎใ†
้œ‡ใˆใ‚‹
ๅคใ™
่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
| 361
1100
19
389
19
2185
823
2185
823
222
2175
860
1091
908
959
1495
2175
1261
1323
1191
1803
733
1792
1215
1609
1217
733
731
1808
1520
731
1256
1864
ใ€ใธใ€‘
ใน
ใธใ„
ใธใ“ใ‚€
ในใ—
ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธ
ใธใ ใŸใ‚‹
ใธใ ใฆใ‚‹
ในใซ
ใธใ‚„
ใธใ‚‰ใ™
่พบ
้ƒจ
ๅก€
ๅ‡นใ‚€
ๅฏใ—
้ 
้š”ใŸใ‚‹
้š”ใฆใ‚‹
็ด…
ๅŠ
ๅฎค
ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™
184
13
930
2173
105
585
1984
1984
118
1311
1025
1607
362 | index iv: japanese readings
ใธใ‚Š
ใธใ‚‹
็ธ
็ตŒใ‚‹
ๆธ›ใ‚‹
่€—ใ‚‹
ๆญดใ‚‹
1916
720
1607
804
443
ใ€ใปใ€‘
ใป
ใปใ†ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใปใŠ
ใปใ‹
ใปใŒใ‚‰ใ‹
ใปใ“
ใผใ“
ใปใ“ใ‚‹
ใปใ—
ใปใ—ใ„
ใปใ™
ใปใใ„
ใปใใ‚‹
ใปใŸใ‚‹
ใปใฃใ™ใ‚‹
ใปใฉ
ใปใจใŽ
ใปใจใ‘
ใปใฉใ“ใ™
ใปใจใ‚Š
ใปใญ
ใปใฎใŠ
ใปใพใ‚Œ
ใปใ‚ใ‚‹
ใปใ‚‰
ใปใ‚Š
ใปใ‚‹
ใปใ‚
ใปใ‚ใณใ‚‹
ใปใ‚ใผใ™
็ซ
ๅธ†
็ฉ‚
่‘ฌใ‚‹
ๆœด
ไป–
ๅค–
ๆœ—ใ‚‰ใ‹
็Ÿ›
ๅ‡น
่ช‡ใ‚‹
ๆ˜Ÿ
ๆฌฒใ—ใ„
ๅนฒใ™
็ดฐใ„
็ดฐใ‚‹
่›
ๆฌฒใ™ใ‚‹
็จ‹
็ผถ
ไป
ๆ–ฝใ™
็•”
้ชจ
็‚Ž
่ช‰ใ‚Œ
่ช‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ณ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ณžใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆดž
ๅ €
ๅฝซใ‚‹
ๆŽ˜ใ‚‹
ๅนŒ
ๆป…ใณใ‚‹
ไบกใณใ‚‹
ๆป…ใผใ™
976
343
2128
1807
2210
1132
962
890
1242
2173
1971
706
1489
1270
1770
1770
1928
1489
461
1933
1083
1289
168
422
2029
1877
1877
2184
1740
1339
1165
623
1532
303
597
579
1182
579
ใ€ใพใ€‘
ใพ
ใพใ„
ใพใ„ใชใ†
ใพใ„ใ‚‹
ใพใ†
ใพใˆ
ใพใŒใ
ใพใ‹ใ™
ใพใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹
ใพใ‹ใชใ†
ใพใŒใ‚‹
ใพใ
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ™
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใพใŽใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใ
ใพใ‘ใ‚‹
ใพใ’ใ‚‹
ใพใ”
ใพใ”ใ“ใ‚
ใพใ“ใจ
ใพใ•
ใพใ•ใซ
ใพใ•ใ‚‹
ใพใ–ใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใˆใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใ‚‹
็›ฎ
็œŸ
้ฆฌ
้–“
่ˆž
่ณ„ใ†
ๅ‚ใ‚‹
่ˆžใ†
ๅ‰
่—ฉ
ไปปใ™
่ฒ ใ‹ใ™
ไปปใ›ใ‚‹
่ณ„ใ†
ๆ›ฒใŒใ‚‹
็‰ง
ๅทป
่–ช
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ™
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
็ด›ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅทปใ
่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ›ฒใ’ใ‚‹
ๅญซ
ๅฟ 
่ช 
ๅ…
ไฟก
็œŸ
ๆฌพ
ๆญฃ
ๅ…
ๆ˜Œ
ๅฟœใซ
ๅฐ†ใซ
ๅ‹ใ‚‹
่ณขใ‚‹
ไบคใ–ใ‚‹
ๆททใ–ใ‚‹
ไบคใˆใ‚‹
ไบคใ˜ใ‚‹
ๆททใ˜ใ‚‹
้›‘ใ˜ใ‚‹
1129
923
1840
396
325
573
498
325
1012
2152
902
1606
902
573
1812
1703
179
249
383
383
383
383
179
1606
1812
874
58
1176
2161
1002
923
1742
1204
2161
580
1011
514
775
876
671
1647
671
671
1647
575
index iv: japanese readings
ใพใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใพใ™
ใพใš
ใพใšใ„
ใพใšใ—ใ„
ใพใœใ‚‹
ใพใŸ
ใพใ 
ใพใŸใŸใ
ใพใก
ใพใค
ใพใฃใŸใ
ใพใฃใจใ†ใ™ใ‚‹
ใพใคใ‚Š
ใพใคใ‚Šใ”ใจ
ใพใคใ‚‹
ใพใจ
ใพใฉ
ใพใฉใ†
ใพใชใ“
ใพใชใถ
ใพใฌใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใญใ
ใพใญใ‚‹
ใพใผใ‚ใ—
ใพใฟใˆใ‚‹
ใพใ‚
ใพใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใพใ‚†
ใพใ‚ˆใ†
ใพใ‚‹
ใพใ‚‹ใ„
ใพใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
้Œฏใ˜ใ‚‹
ไบคใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‡
็›Šใ™
ๅข—ใ™
ๅ…ˆ
ๆ‹™ใ„
่ฒงใ—ใ„
ไบคใœใ‚‹
ๆททใœใ‚‹
ๅ‰คใœใ‚‹
ๅˆ
ๆœชใ 
็žฌใ
็”บ
่ก—
ๆพ
้ ˆ
ๅพ…ใค
้œ€ใค
ๅ…จใ
ๅฎŒใ†ใ™ใ‚‹
็ฅญใ‚Š
ๆ”ฟ
็ฅญใ‚‹
็š„
็ช“
ๆƒ‘ใ†
็œผ
ๅญฆใถ
ๅ…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ‹›ใ
ๅ€ฃใ‚‹
ๅนป
่ฌใˆใ‚‹
่ฑ†
ๅฎˆใ‚‹
่ญทใ‚‹
่ก›ใ‚‹
็นญ
่ฟทใ†
ไธธ
ไธธใ„
ๅ††ใ„
ๅ›ฃใ„
ไธธใ‚ใ‚‹
1497
671
510
1641
1191
245
2211
1157
671
1647
1542
609
756
1585
1459
1384
1481
35
1034
366
989
989
532
1050
532
1129
307
1550
1399
960
1117
680
509
2061
1213
1153
516
859
1224
2174
1550
1861
1861
972
957
1861
ใพใ‚Œ
ใพใ‚ใ†ใฉ
ใพใ‚ใ™
ใพใ‚ใ‚Š
ใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅธŒ
ๅฎข
่ณ“
ๅ›žใ™
ๅ‘จใ‚Š
ๅ›žใ‚‹
| 363
820
1097
1972
1087
1533
1087
ใ€ใฟใ€‘
ใฟ
ใฟใˆใ‚‹
ใฟใŒใ
ใฟใ‹ใฉ
ใฟใ
ใฟใŽ
ใฟใŽใ‚
ใฟใ“ใจ
ใฟใ“ใจใฎใ‚Š
ใฟใ”ใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใฟใ•ใŠ
ใฟใ•ใ
ใฟใ•ใ•ใŽ
ใฟใ˜ใ‹ใ„
ใฟใ˜ใ‚
ใฟใš
ใฟใšใ†ใฟ
ใฟใšใ‹ใ‚‰
ใฟใ›
ใฟใ›ใ‚‹
ใฟใž
ใฟใŸใ™
ใฟใ ใ™
ใฟใ ใ‚Š
ใฟใ ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฟใก
ไธ‰
่บซ
ๅฎŸ
ๅทณ
่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹
็ฃจใ
ๅธ
ๅนน
ๅณ
ๆธš
ๆถฏ
ๅฐŠ
่ฉ”
ๅ‹…
ๅจ ใ‚‹
ๆ“
ๅฒฌ
้™ต
็Ÿญใ„
ๆƒจใ‚
ๆฐด
ๆน–
่‡ชใ‚‰
ๅบ—
่ˆ—
่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹
ๆบ
ๆบ€ใŸใ™
ไนฑใ™
ๅฆ„ใ‚Š
ๆผซใ‚Š
ๆฟซใ‚Š
ไนฑใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆฟซใ‚Œใ‚‹
้“
้€”
่ทฏ
ๅ€ซ
2
1620
1629
665
1013
138
462
1060
1754
629
1385
1720
683
1478
732
228
626
2244
1448
499
979
1216
945
1010
61
1013
173
1636
1045
1952
435
751
1045
751
277
1514
448
899
364 | index iv: japanese readings
ใฟใกใณใ
ใฟใกใ‚‹
ใฟใค
ใฟใคใŽ
ใฟใคใ
ใฟใฃใค
ใฟใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฟใฉใ‚Š
ใฟใช
ใฟใชใจ
ใฟใชใฟ
ใฟใชใ‚‚ใจ
ใฟใซใใ„
ใฟใญ
ใฟใฎใ‚‹
ใฟใฟ
ใฟใ‚„
ใฟใ‚„ใ“
ใฟใ‚„ใณใ‚„ใ‹
ใฟใ‚‹
ๅฐŽใ
ๆบ€ใกใ‚‹
ๅ……ใกใ‚‹
ไธ‰
็งŸ
็จŽ
่ณฆ
่ฒขใ
ไธ‰ใค
่ชใ‚ใ‚‹
็ท‘
็š†
ๆธฏ
ๅ—
ๆบ
้†œใ„
ๅณฐ
ๅฎŸใ‚‹
้…‰ใ‚‹
่€ณ
ๅฎฎ
้ƒฝ
ไบฌ
้›…ใ‚„ใ‹
่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
่จบใ‚‹
็œ‹ใ‚‹
่ฆณใ‚‹
่ฆ–ใ‚‹
็›ฃใ‚‹
่ฆงใ‚‹
335
1636
917
2
150
577
2013
120
2
311
297
378
1024
1842
813
1976
353
1629
633
1834
2106
990
938
786
1013
1656
1713
752
1702
748
1119
ใ‚€ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‹ใ—
ใ‚€ใŽ
ใ‚€ใ
ใ‚€ใใ„ใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ“
ใ‚€ใ”ใ„
ๅ…ญ
ๅ…ญ
ๅ‘ใ‹ใ†
ๅฏพใ‹ใ†
่ฟŽใˆใ‚‹
ๆ˜”
้บฆ
ๅ‘ใ
ๅ ฑใ„ใ‚‹
้…ฌใ„ใ‚‹
ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅฉฟ
้…ทใ„
ใ‚€ใ™
ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใ‚€ใ™ใถ
ใ‚€ใ™ใ‚
ใ‚€ใ 
ใ‚€ใก
ใ‚€ใค
ใ‚€ใฃใค
ใ‚€ใคใพใ˜ใ„
ใ‚€ใคใถ
ใ‚€ใช
ใ‚€ใญ
ใ‚€ใ‚‰
ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใŒใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ•ใ
ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚€ใ‚Œ
ใ‚€ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‚
ใ€ใ‚€ใ€‘
ใ‚€
ใ‚€ใ„
ใ‚€ใ‹ใ†
ใ‚€ใ“ใ†
ใ‚€ใ—
ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚
97
97
1650
862
1716
1494
1786
1650
991
259
1650
2139
927
ๅ‘ใ“ใ†
่™ซ
ๅฏงใ‚
ๅธญ
่’ธใ™
้›ฃใ—ใ„
็ตใถ
็ท ใถ
ๅจ˜
ๅฌข
ๅ†—
็ญ–
็ฆ
ๅ…ญ
ๅ…ญใค
็ฆใพใ˜ใ„
็ฆใถ
่ƒธ
ๆฃŸ
ๆ—จ
่ƒธ
ๆฃŸ
ๅฎ—
ๆ‘
็พค
็พคใŒใ‚‹
็ดซ
่’ธใ‚‰ใ™
็พคใ‚Œ
่’ธใ‚Œใ‚‹
็พคใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅฎค
1650
2022
559
1140
1964
1673
880
463
635
101
994
1695
2140
97
97
2140
2140
867
1960
287
867
1960
1588
1591
845
845
522
1964
845
1964
845
754
ใ€ใ‚ใ€‘
ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใใ‚€
ใ‚ใใ‚‰
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ๅฅณ
็›ฎ
็œผ
่Šฝ
้›Œ
ๅฆปใ‚ใ™
ๆตใ‚€
็›ฒ
ๅทกใ‚‹
่ˆฌใ‚‹
้€ฑใ‚‹
ๆ—‹ใ‚‹
3
1129
1399
785
523
1903
1559
1187
1948
800
1018
1969
index iv: japanese readings
ใ‚ใ—
ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใจใ‚‹
้ฃฏ
้›Œ
ๅฌใ™
ๅพดใ™
็ใ—ใ„
ๅฅ‡ใ—ใ„
ๅฉšใจใ‚‹
943
523
677
328
1940
218
916
ใ€ใ‚‚ใ€‘
ใ‚‚
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™
ใ‚‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใŒใ•
ใ‚‚ใใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏ
ใ‚‚ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ™ใ
ใ‚‚ใก
ใ‚‚ใกใ„ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ
ใ‚‚ใค
ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚
ใ‚‚ใฃใฐใ‚‰
ใ‚‚ใจ
ใ‚‚ใจใ„
ใ‚‚ใฉใ™
ใ‚‚ใจใฅใ
ใ‚‚ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใฉใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใฎ
ๅ–ช
่—ป
่ฃณ
่จญใ‘ใ‚‹
็”ณใ™
ๅ•“ใ™
็‡ƒใˆใ‚‹
็—˜
ๆฝœใ‚‹
่‹ฅใ—ใใฏ
็‡ƒใ™
่ฃณ
้ ˆ
็”จใ„ใ‚‹
ๅบธใ„ใ‚‹
ไปฅใฆ
ๆŒใค
ๆœ€ใ‚‚
ๅฐ‚ใ‚‰
ไธ‹
ๅ…ƒ
็ด 
ๆœฌ
ๅŸบ
ๅŽŸ
่ณ‡
่ณช
ๅŸบ
ๆˆปใ™
ๅŸบใฅใ
ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไบ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ดขใ‚ใ‚‹
้œ€ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆˆปใ‚‹
็‰ฉ
่€…
ใ‚‚ใฎใ„ใฟ
ใ‚‚ใ‚‚
ใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใŠใ™
ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ‚Š
ใ‚‚ใ‚‹
2059
229
1338
1416
144
1718
441
1442
2182
563
441
1338
35
1643
2219
11
1434
1468
1051
958
298
1762
986
1255
812
668
1037
1255
2187
1225
230
582
1670
366
2187
557
936
ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ‚
ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‚ใ‚
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‚
ๆ–Ž
ๆกƒ
็™พ
็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™
ๅ‚ฌใ™
ๆผใ‚‰ใ™
ๅฎˆ
ๆฃฎ
็››ใ‚‹
ๆผใ‚‹
ๆผใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ซธ
่ซธ
ๅŒ
| 365
1540
1172
550
441
1664
1911
516
1674
1175
1911
1911
1364
1364
1027
ใ€ใ‚„ใ€‘
ใ‚„
ใ‚„ใ„ใฐ
ใ‚„ใ‹ใŸ
ใ‚„ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใ‚„ใ
ใ‚„ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ„
ใ‚„ใ—ใ
ใ‚„ใ—ใชใ†
ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚
ใ‚„ใ™ใ„
ใ‚„ใ™ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚€
ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใค
ใ‚„ใฃใค
ใ‚„ใฉ
ใ‚„ใจใ†
ๅ…ซ
็Ÿข
ๅฑ‹
ๅฎถ
่ฐท
ๅˆƒ
้คจ
่ผฉ
ๆ—
็„ผใ
็„ผใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ˜“ใ—ใ„
ๅ„ชใ—ใ„
้‚ธ
้คŠใ†
็คพ
ๅฎ‰ใ„
ๆ˜“ใ„
ๆณฐใ„
ๅบทใ„
ๅฏงใ„
ไผ‘ใพใ‚‹
ไผ‘ใ‚€
ไผ‘ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ…ซใค
ๅฅด
ๅ…ซใค
ๅฎฟ
้›‡ใ†
่ณƒใ†
1159
2121
1820
281
1491
2199
130
1427
1138
1681
1681
1137
481
156
1452
941
52
1137
1818
1149
559
1574
1574
1574
1159
47
1159
492
520
904
366 | index iv: japanese readings
ใ‚„ใฉใ™
ใ‚„ใฉใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใชใŽ
ใ‚„ใซ
ใ‚„ใถใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใถใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใพ
ใ‚„ใพใ„
ใ‚„ใ‚€
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
ๅฎฟใ™
ๅฎฟใ‚‹
่ˆŽใ‚‹
ๆŸณ
่„‚
็ ดใ‚‹
็ ดใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ•—ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅผŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅฑฑ
็—…
็–พ
็—…ใ‚€
ๆญขใ‚€
็–พใ‚€
่พžใ‚ใ‚‹
้ฃใ‚‹
ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹
่ปŸใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
่ปŸใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ
ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
492
492
911
1890
289
1423
1423
1061
345
985
274
1923
274
370
1923
988
1560
1007
2064
1007
2064
12
12
ใ‚†ใณ
ใ‚†ใฟ
ใ‚†ใ‚
ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใ
ใ‚†ใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ™
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚€
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ‚†ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใˆ
ใ‚†ใ‹
ใ‚†ใ
ใ‚†ใ
ใ‚†ใ’
ใ‚†ใ•ใถใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ™ใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใšใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใŸใ‹
ใ‚†ใ ใญใ‚‹
ๆนฏ
ๅค•
็ตใ†
ๆ•…
ๅบŠ
้›ช
ไน‹
่กŒใ
้€ใ
ไน‹ใ
ๅพ€ใ
ๅพใ
้ฉใ
ๆฑฝ
ๆบใ•ใถใ‚‹
ๆบใ™ใ‚‹
่ญฒใ‚‹
็ฆ…ใ‚‹
่ฑŠใ‹
่ฃ•
ๅง”ใญใ‚‹
1373
2123
880
1217
1865
2201
34
2238
2194
34
1337
1207
157
411
475
475
102
1118
1446
1493
1706
288
2053
837
2052
475
475
2062
475
1654
478
2002
2062
2062
2062
475
880
ใ€ใ‚ˆใ€‘
ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚ˆใ„
ใ€ใ‚†ใ€‘
ใ‚†
ใ‚†ใ†
ๆŒ‡
ๅผ“
ๅผง
ๅคข
ๆบใ‚‰ใ
ๆบใ‚‹
็ทฉใ„
ๆบใ‚‹ใ
่จฑใ™
ๅฎนใ™
่ตฆใ™
็ทฉใ‚€
็ทฉใ‚ใ‚‹
็ทฉใ‚„ใ‹
ๆบใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ตใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ†
ใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚„ใ
ใ‚ˆใ
ใ‚ˆใ“
ใ‚ˆใ“ใ—ใพ
ใ‚ˆใ”ใ™
ใ‚ˆใ”ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ—
ๅ››
ไธ–
ไปฃ
ๅคœ
ๅฎต
่‰ฏใ„
ๅ–„ใ„
ๅ‰ใ„
ไฝณใ„
็พฉใ„
ๅ…ซ
้…”ใ†
ๆผธใ
ๅ…‹ใ
่ƒฝใ
ๆจช
็ทฏ
้‚ช
ๆฑšใ™
ๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”ฑ
ไผŠ
ๅ…
่‰ถ
ๅ‰
ไฝณ
ๆ˜Œ
่พฐ
967
7
269
1830
728
46
486
554
1388
74
1159
888
2057
1280
1779
403
1223
787
1676
1676
14
33
2161
2185
554
1388
580
730
index iv: japanese readings
ใ‚ˆใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใใŠใ†
ใ‚ˆใค
ใ‚ˆใฃใค
ใ‚ˆใถ
ใ‚ˆใ‚€
ใ‚ˆใ‚
ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
ใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ“ใถ
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใš
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚“
ๅฝฆ
ๅฏ„ใ›ใ‚‹
่ฃ…ใ†
็ฒงใ†
ๅ››ใค
ๅ››ใค
ๅ‘ผใถ
ๅ–šใถ
่ฉ ใ‚€
่ชญใ‚€
ๅซ
ไน‹
ๅคœ
ๅ› ใ‚‹
ๅฏ„ใ‚‹
ไพใ‚‹
ๆ‹ ใ‚‹
ๅ–œใถ
ๆ‚ฆใถ
ๆ…ถใถ
่ณ€ใถ
ๆญ“ใถ
ๅฎœใ—ใ„
ไธ‡
้ฝข
ๅผฑใ„
ๅผฑใพใ‚‹
ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅผฑใ‚‹
ๅ››
648
219
262
1563
967
967
1866
393
196
1105
284
34
1830
905
219
1627
1957
1859
1391
1011
790
754
1828
973
689
1782
1782
1782
1782
967
ใ€ใ‚ใ€‘
ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใ‹ใค
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅพ
ๆˆ‘
็’ฐ
่ผช
่‹ฅใ„
็จšใ„
ๆฒธใ‹ใ™
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใค
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
86
338
395
900
563
1637
2015
945
945
945
540
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใใพใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใ‘
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ–
ใ‚ใ–ใจ
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ใšใ‹ใซ
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸ
ใ‚ใŸใใ—
ใ‚ใŸใ—
ใ‚ใŸใ™
ใ‚ใ ใก
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใ‚‰
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใน
ใ‚ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใ‚Šใต
ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
่„‡
ๅผใˆใ‚‹
ๆž 
ๆฒธใ
่จณ
ๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ญใ‘ใ‚‹
้ ’ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅ‰–ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆŠ€
ๆฅญ
่Šธ
ๆ…‹ใจ
็ฆใ„
็ฝใ„
ๆ‰ใซ
ๆ‚ฃใ†
็…ฉใ†
็…ฉใ‚ใ—ใ„
็…ฉใ‚ใ™
ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ถฟ
็ง
็ง
ๆธกใ™
่ปŒ
ๆธกใ‚‹
ไบ˜ใ‚‹
่ˆชใ‚‹
ๆธ‰ใ‚‹
ๅ–šใ
็จฟ
็ฌ‘ใ†
็ซฅ
ๅ‰ฒ
็ฌฆ
ๅ‰ฒใ‚‹
ๆ‚ชใ„
ๅ‡ถใ„
ๆˆ‘
ๅพ
ๆœ•
ๅ‰ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
| 367
614
953
591a
2015
1069
945
1750
1252
2047
1405
2228
1075
1690
217
1682
1094
1719
2143
2143
2143
1184
1871
1662
1662
469
1854
469
582
222
1408
393
415
1783
1571
881
71
881
1704
866
338
86
2136
881
index v
Cross-Reference List
The purpose of this ๏ฌnal Index is to facilitate cross-referencing between
vol. 1 and vol. 2. The Index is laid out in the order in which the kanji
appear in vol. 1. The column of numbers preceded by an r- refer to frames
in the present book. The kanjiโ€”with Japanese readings and in๏ฌ‚ ection
where applicableโ€”are given in the ๏ฌnal two columns.
1 r-965
2 r-1
3 r-2
4 r-967
5 r-85
6 r-971
7 r-968
8 r-1159
9 r-969
10 r-971
11 r-1556
ไธ€
ไธ€ใค
ไบŒใค
ไบŒ
ไธ‰ใค
ไธ‰
ไธ‰ใค
ๅ››
ๅ››ใค
ๅ››
ๅ››ใค
ไบ”
ไบ”ใค
ๅ…ญ
ๅ…ญ
ๅ…ญใค
ไธƒ
ไธƒใค
ไธƒ
ๅ…ซ
ๅ…ซ
ๅ…ซใค
ๅ…ซ
ไน
ไนใค
ๅ
ๅ
ๅฃ
ใฒใจ
ใฒใจใค
ใตใŸใค
ใตใŸ
ใฟใค
ใฟ
ใฟใฃใค
ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚ˆใค
ใ‚ˆใ‚“
ใ‚ˆใฃใค
ใ„ใค
ใ„ใคใค
ใ‚€ใƒปใ‚€ใ„
ใ‚€ใค
ใ‚€ใฃใค
ใชใช
ใชใชใค
ใชใฎ
ใ‚„
ใ‚„ใค
ใ‚„ใฃใค
ใ‚ˆใ†
ใ“ใ“ใฎ
ใ“ใ“ใฎใค
ใจ
ใจใŠ
ใใก
12 r-561
ๆ—ฅ
ๆ—ฅ
13 r-546 ๆœˆ
14 r-1862 ็”ฐ
15 r-1129 ็›ฎ
็›ฎ
16 r-1215 ๅคใ„
ๅคใ™
17 r-86
ๅพ
18 r-320 ๅ†’ใ™
19 r-354 ๆœ‹
20 r-436 ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ„
ๆ˜Žใ‚‹ใ‚€
ๆ˜Žใ
ๆ˜Žใ‹
ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‚€
ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ™
ๆ˜Žใใ‚‹
ๆ˜Žใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ˜Žใ‹ใ‚Š
21 r-308 ๅ”ฑใˆใ‚‹
22 r-309 ๆ™ถ
23 r-1582 ๅ“
24 r-39
ๅ‘‚
25 r-580 ๆ˜Œ
26 r-1835 ๆ—ฉใ„
ๆ—ฉใพใ‚‹
ๆ—ฉใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฒ
ใ‹
ใคใ
ใŸ
ใพ
ใ‚
ใตใ‚‹ใ„
ใตใ‚‹ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใŠใ‹ใ™
ใจใ‚‚
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใจใชใˆใ‚‹
ใ—ใช
ใฏใ‚„ใ„
ใฏใ‚„ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
index v: cross-reference list
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
r-581
r-7
r-1809
r-715
r-716
r-582
r-2173
r-2172
r-1605
r-945
r-89
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
r-550
r-57
r-4
r-1502
r-510
r-511
r-1861
45
46
47
48
r-53
r-1051
r-1380
r-1710
49 r-1657
50 r-958
51 r-1639
ๆ—ญ
ไธ–
่ƒƒ
ๆ—ฆ
่ƒ†
ไบ˜ใ‚‹
ๅ‡น
ๅ‡ธ
ๆ—งใ„
่‡ชใ‚‰
็™ฝ
็™ฝใ„
็™ฝ
็™พ
ไธญ
ๅƒ
่ˆŒ
ๅ‡
ๆ˜‡ใ‚‹
ไธธ
ไธธใ„
ไธธใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฏธ
ๅฐ‚ใ‚‰
ๅš
ๅ ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ ใ†
ไธŠ
ไธŠ
ไธŠ
ไธŠใ™
ไธŠใ›ใ‚‹
ไธŠใ‚‹
ไธŠใ’ใ‚‹
ไธŠใŒใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ•ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ™
ไธ‹ใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใŒใ‚‹
ไธ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ไธ‹
ไธ‹
ไธ‹ใ‚ใ™
ไธ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ไธ‹
ๅ“
ใ‚ใ•ใฒ
ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
ใผใ“
ใงใ“
ใตใ‚‹ใ„
ใฟใšใ‹ใ‚‰
ใ—ใ‚
ใ—ใ‚ใ„
ใ—ใ‚‰
ใชใ‹
ใก
ใ—ใŸ
ใพใ™
ใฎใผใ‚‹
ใพใ‚‹
ใพใ‚‹ใ„
ใพใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใฃใฑใ‚‰
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‰ใชใ†
ใ†ใˆ
ใ†ใ‚
ใ‹ใฟ
ใฎใผใ™
ใฎใผใ›ใ‚‹
ใฎใผใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใใ ใ•ใ‚‹
ใใ ใ™
ใใ ใ‚‹
ใ•ใŒใ‚‹
ใ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ—ใŸ
ใ—ใ‚‚
ใŠใ‚ใ™
ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใจ
52
53
54
55
56
57
r-330
r-583
r-584
r-312
r-839
r-1013
58
59
60
61
62
63
r-1571
r-298
r-585
r-299
r-342
r-1606
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
r-973
r-1573
r-585
r-372
r-2197
r-1129
r-1565
r-565
r-1045
73 r-1325
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
r-1124
r-923
r-114
r-5
r-1754
r-1066
r-573
r-120
r-119
r-1831
r-2199
r-504
86
87
88
89
r-677
r-678
r-266
r-745
ๆœ
ๅช
่ฒ
่ฒž
ๅ“ก
่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹
่ฆ‹ใ›ใ‚‹
่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
ๅ…
ๅ…ƒ
้ 
้ ‘
ๅ‡ก
่ฒ ใ†
่ฒ ใ‹ใ™
่ฒ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ไธ‡
ๅฅ
่‚Œ
ๆ—ฌ
ๅ‹บ
็š„
้ฆ–
ไน™
ไนฑใ™
ไนฑใ‚Œใ‚‹
็›ดใ™
็›ดใกใซ
็›ดใ‚‹
ๅ…ท
็œŸ
ๅทฅ
ๅทฆ
ๅณ
ๆœ‰ใ‚‹
่ณ„ใ†
่ฒขใ
้ …
ๅˆ€
ๅˆƒ
ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹
ๅˆ‡ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅฌใ™
ๆ˜ญ
ๅ‰‡
ๅ‰ฏ
| 369
ใ‚ใ•
ใŸใ 
ใ‹ใ„
ใฟใˆใ‚‹
ใฟใ›ใ‚‹
ใฟใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใจ
ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธ
ใŠใ†
ใพใ‹ใ™
ใพใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฏใ 
ใพใจ
ใใณ
ใฟใ ใ™
ใฟใ ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใชใŠใ™
ใŸใ ใกใซ
ใชใŠใ‚‹
ใพ
ใฒใ ใ‚Š
ใฟใŽ
ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใพใ‹ใชใ†
ใฟใคใ
ใ‹ใŸใช
ใฏ
ใใ‚‹
ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ™
370 | index v: cross-reference list
90
91
92
93
94
r-540
r-1064
r-1459
r-105
r-1460
95 r-1077
96 r-1724
97 r-1601
98 r-3
99 r-1816
100 r-1845
101
102
103
104
105
r-1109
r-390
r-1276
r-1280
r-1035
106 r-1407
107 r-960
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
r-8
r-2123
r-587
r-962
r-351
r-1732
r-725
r-727
r-889
117 r-1049
118 r-729
119 r-1100
120 r-19
ๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไธ
็”บ
ๅฏ
้ ‚
้ ‚ใ
ๅญ
ๅญ
ๅญ”
ไบ†
ๅฅณ
ๅฅณ
ๅฅฝใ‚€
ๅฅฝใ
ๅฆ‚ใ
ๅฆ‚ใ—
ๆฏ
่ฒซใ
ๅ…„
ๅ…‹
ๅฐ
ๅฐใ•ใ„
ๅฐ‘ใชใ„
ๅฐ‘ใ—
ๅคง
ๅคงใ„ใซ
ๅคงใใ„
ๅคšใ„
ๅค•
ๆฑ
ๅค–
ๅค–
ๅค–ใ™
ๅค–ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ
็Ÿณ
่‚–
็ก
็ •ใ
็ •ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ ‚
ๅ‰Šใ‚‹
ๅ…‰
ๅ…‰ใ‚‹
ๅคชใ„
ๅคชใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใก
ใ„ใŸใ ใ
ใ„ใŸใ ใ
ใ“
ใญ
ใŠใ‚“ใช
ใ‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚€
ใ™ใ
ใ”ใจใ
ใ”ใจใ—
ใฏใฏ
ใคใ‚‰ใฌใ
ใ‚ใซ
ใ“ใƒปใŠ
ใกใ„ใ•ใ„
ใ™ใใชใ„
ใ™ใ“ใ—
ใŠใŠ
ใŠใŠใ„ใซ
ใŠใŠใใ„
ใŠใŠใ„
ใ‚†ใ†
ใ—ใŠ
ใใจ
ใปใ‹
ใฏใšใ™
ใฏใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใช
ใ„ใ—
ใใ ใ
ใใ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ™ใช
ใ‘ใšใ‚‹
ใฒใ‹ใ‚Š
ใฒใ‹ใ‚‹
ใตใจใ„
ใตใจใ‚‹
121
122
123
124
r-1919
r-1873
r-1413
r-1125
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
r-1698
r-218
r-1832
r-257
r-1851
r-979
r-1789
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
r-194
r-502
r-812
r-814
r-195
r-682
r-59
r-28
r-2027
r-331
r-813
r-1054
r-726
145 r-1278
146 r-109
147 r-90
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
r-1216
r-267
r-987
r-1893
r-538
r-588
r-589
r-1387
r-1389
r-1385
r-1433
r-970
r-1570
r-976
r-2029
ๅ™จ
่‡ญใ„
ๅฆ™
็œใ
็œใฟใ‚‹
ๅŽšใ„
ๅฅ‡
ๅท
ๅทž
้ †
ๆฐด
ๆฐท
ๆฐท
ๆฐธใ„
ๆณ‰
ๅŽŸ
้ก˜ใ†
ๆณณใ
ๆฒผ
ๆฒ–
ๆฑŸ
ๆฑ
ๆฝฎ
ๆบ
ๆดป
ๆถˆใ™
ๆถˆใˆใ‚‹
ๆณ
ๆฒณ
ๆณŠใพใ‚‹
ๆณŠใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆน–
ๆธฌใ‚‹
ๅœŸ
ๅใ
ๅœง
ๅŸผ
ๅžฃ
ๅœญ
ๅฐ
ๆถฏ
ๅฏบ
ๆ™‚
ๅ‡
็ซ
็‚Ž
ใ†ใคใ‚
ใใ•ใ„
ใฏใถใ
ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใฟใ‚‹
ใ‚ใคใ„
ใ‹ใ‚
ใ™
ใฟใš
ใ“ใŠใ‚Š
ใฒ
ใชใŒใ„
ใ„ใšใฟ
ใฏใ‚‰
ใญใŒใ†
ใŠใ‚ˆใ
ใฌใพ
ใŠใ
ใˆ
ใ—ใ‚‹
ใ—ใŠ
ใฟใชใ‚‚ใจ
ใ‘ใ™
ใใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚
ใจใพใ‚‹
ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฟใšใ†ใฟ
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใคใก
ใฏใ
ใ•ใ
ใ‹ใ
ใฆใ‚‰
ใจใ
ใฒใƒปใป
ใปใฎใŠ
index v: cross-reference list
163 r-2143
164 r-1887
165 r-1134
166 r-589a
167
168
169
170
r-1682
r-1882
r-1053
r-679
171
172
173
174
r-1686
r-1611
r-1160
r-1603
175
176
177
178
179
r-1726
r-590
r-494
r-1161
r-1995
180
181
182
183
r-1162
r-1165
r-1164
r-1650
184 r-2236
185 r-993
186 r-516
187
188
189
190
191
192
r-989
r-1136
r-728
r-52
r-1723
r-219
193 r-747
194 r-1462
195 r-980
็…ฉใ†
็…ฉใ‚ใ™
ๆทกใ„
็ฏ
็•‘
็•‘
็ฝใ„
็ฐ
็‚น
็…งใ‚‰ใ™
็…งใ‚‹
็…งใ‚Œใ‚‹
้ญš
ๆผ
้‡Œ
้ป’
้ป’ใ„
ๅขจ
้ฏ‰
้‡ใ‚‹
ๅŽ˜
ๅŸ‹ใพใ‚‹
ๅŸ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŸ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅŒใ˜
ๆดž
่ƒด
ๅ‘ใ‹ใ†
ๅ‘ใ
ๅ‘ใ“ใ†
ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅฐš
ๅญ—
ๅฎˆใ‚‹
ๅฎˆ
ๅฎŒ
ๅฎฃ
ๅฎต
ๅฎ‰ใ„
ๅฎด
ๅฏ„ใ‚‹
ๅฏ„ใ›ใ‚‹
ๅฏŒ
ๅฏŒใ‚€
่ฒฏ
ๆœจ
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚ใ„
ใฒ
ใฏใŸ
ใฏใŸใ‘
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚ใ„
ใฏใ„
ใฆใ‚‰ใ™
ใฆใ‚‹
ใฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
r-1674
r-1674
r-1386
r-591
r-591a
r-592
r-593
r-594
r-1167
r-1324
206 r-1218
ใ†ใŠใƒปใ•ใ‹ใช
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
r-2210
r-1591
r-263
r-530
r-986
r-1711
r-442
r-315
r-227
r-756
r-284
r-285
r-757
ใ‚€ใ‹ใ†
ใ‚€ใ
ใ‚€ใ“ใ†
ใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใŠ
ใ‚ใ–
ใพใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ‚Š
220
221
222
223
224
225
r-759
r-182
r-595
r-563
r-1836
r-1219
ใ‚ˆใ„
ใ‚„ใ™ใ„
ใ†ใŸใ’
ใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ›ใ‚‹
ใจใฟ
ใจใ‚€
226 r-2001
227 r-1381
ใ•ใจ
ใใ‚
ใใ‚ใ„
ใ™ใฟ
ใ“ใ„
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ†ใพใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใชใ˜
ใปใ‚‰
ใ
228 r-1839
229 r-2002
230 r-703
ๆž—
ๆฃฎ
ๆก‚
ๆŸ
ๆž 
ๆขข
ๆฃš
ๆ
ๆก
ๆคใˆใ‚‹
ๆคใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆžฏใ‚‰ใ™
ๆžฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆœด
ๆ‘
็›ธ
ๆœบ
ๆœฌ
ๆœญ
ๆšฆ
ๆกˆ
็‡ฅ
ๆœช
ๆœซ
ๆฒซ
ๅ‘ณ
ๅ‘ณใ‚ใ†
ๅฆน
ๆœฑ
ๆ ช
่‹ฅใ„
่‰
่‹ฆใ—ใ„
่‹ฆใ—ใ‚€
่‹ฆใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
่‹ฆใ„
่‹ฆใ‚‹
ๅฏ›
่–„ใ„
่–„ใพใ‚‹
่–„ใ‚ใ‚‹
่–„ใ‚‰ใ
่–„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
่‘‰
ๆจก
ๆผ 
| 371
ใฏใ‚„ใ—
ใ‚‚ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใคใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ—ใ‚
ใ‚ใ
ใ“ใšใˆ
ใŸใช
ใ‚ใ‚“ใš
ใใ‚Š
ใ†ใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‚‰
ใ‚ใ„
ใคใใˆ
ใ‚‚ใจ
ใตใ 
ใ“ใ‚ˆใฟ
ใ™ใˆ
ใ‚ใ˜
ใ‚ใ˜ใ‚ใ†
ใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจ
ใ‹ใถ
ใ‚ใ‹ใ„
ใใ•
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ„
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚€
ใใ‚‹ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใซใŒใ„
ใซใŒใ‚‹
ใ†ใ™ใ„
ใ†ใ™ใพใ‚‹
ใ†ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ™ใ‚‰ใ
ใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฏ
372 | index v: cross-reference list
231 r-696
232 r-697
233 r-701
234 r-278
235 r-1168
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
r-1172
r-1171
r-1685
r-1858
r-1727
r-440
r-596
r-517
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
r-280
r-977
r-1065
r-926
r-245
r-246
r-380
r-381
r-543
r-1074
254
255
256
257
258
259
r-536
r-1113
r-548
r-1869
r-184
r-1135
260 r-1833
261
262
263
264
265
266
r-1557
r-460
r-989
r-1759
r-963
r-997
267 r-1128
ๅข“
ๆšฎใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™
่†œ
่‹—
่‹—
ๅ…†ใ—
ๅ…†ใ™
ๆกƒ
็œบใ‚ใ‚‹
็Šฌ
็Šถ
้ป™ใ‚‹
็„ถ
่ป
็‹ฉใ‚Š
็‹ฉใ‚‹
็Œซ
็‰›
็‰น
ๅ‘Šใ’ใ‚‹
ๅ…ˆ
ๆด—ใ†
ไป‹
็•Œ
่Œถ
ๅˆใ†
ๅˆใ‚ใ™
ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ๅก”
็Ž‹
็Ž‰
ๅฎ
็ 
็พใ™
็พใ‚Œใ‚‹
็‹‚ใ†
็‹‚ใŠใ—ใ„
็š‡
ๅ‘ˆ
ๅ…จใ
ๆ “
็†
ไธป
ไธป
ๆณจใ
ใฏใ‹
ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚‰ใ™
ใชใˆ
ใชใ‚
ใใ–ใ—
ใใ–ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ‚‚
ใชใŒใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใฌ
ใ ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใŽ
ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใญใ“
ใ†ใ—
ใคใ’ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†
268 r-1332
269 r-984
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
r-247
r-2240
r-1163
r-2189
r-1725
r-351
r-925
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
r-334
r-335
r-596a
r-1569
r-928
r-91
r-1173
284 r-1821
285 r-1948
286 r-955
287 r-1672
ใ‚ใ†
ใ‚ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ใŸใพ
ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚‹ใ†
ใใ‚‹ใŠใ—ใ„
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
r-1854
r-178
r-1012
r-1351
r-2159
r-570
r-1097
r-1359
r-484
r-1746
r-1648
r-1356
300
301
302
303
304
r-994
r-1522
r-1521
r-1067
r-1807
ใพใฃใŸใ
ใŠใ‚‚
ใฌใ—
ใใใ
ๆŸฑ
้‡‘
้‡‘
้Š‘
้‰ข
้Š…
้‡ฃใ‚‹
้‡
้Š˜
้Žฎใพใ‚‹
้Žฎใ‚ใ‚‹
้“
ๅฐŽใ
่พป
่ฟ…
้€ ใ‚‹
่ฟซใ‚‹
้€ƒใ™
้€ƒใ‚Œใ‚‹
้€ƒใŒใ™
้€ƒใ’ใ‚‹
่พบใ‚Š
่พบ
ๅทกใ‚‹
่ปŠ
้€ฃใชใ‚‹
้€ฃใญใ‚‹
้€ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ปŒ
่ผธ
ๅ‰
ๅ„
ๆ ผ
็•ฅ
ๅฎข
้ก
ๅค
ๅ‡ฆ
ๆก
่ฝใกใ‚‹
่ฝใจใ™
ๅ†—
่ป
่ผใ
้‹ใถ
ๅ† 
ใฏใ—ใ‚‰
ใ‹ใญ
ใ‹ใช
ใคใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚Š
ใ—ใšใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใšใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฟใก
ใฟใกใณใ
ใคใ˜
ใคใใ‚‹
ใ›ใพใ‚‹
ใฎใŒใ™
ใฎใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใซใŒใ™
ใซใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใ‚Š
ใน
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ใใ‚‹ใพ
ใคใ‚‰ใชใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‰ใญใ‚‹
ใคใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใˆ
ใŠใฎใŠใฎ
ใฒใŸใ„
ใชใค
ใจใ“ใ‚
ใŠใกใ‚‹
ใŠใจใ™
ใ‹ใŒใ‚„ใ
ใฏใ“ใถ
ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚€ใ‚Š
index v: cross-reference list
305 r-2052 ๅคข
306 r-221 ๅ‘
307 r-414 ้ซ˜
308
309
310
311
312
313
r-1828
r-370
r-371
r-464
r-938
r-2177
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
r-1130
r-1917
r-911
r-1533
r-1018
r-140
r-554
r-260
r-261
r-1036
324 r-960
325 r-1849
326 r-1699
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
r-959
r-1863
r-1703
r-116
r-1061
r-1089
r-1217
r-884
r-1599
336 r-885
337 r-49
338 r-1721
339 r-1464
340 r-1655
้ซ˜ใ„
้ซ˜ใพใ‚‹
้ซ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไบซ
ๅกพ
็†Ÿใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไบญ
ไบฌ
ๆถผใ—ใ„
ๆถผใ‚€
ๆ™ฏ
้ฏจ
่ˆŽ
ๅ‘จใ‚Š
้€ฑ
ๅฃซ
ๅ‰
ๅฃฎ
่˜
ๅฃฒใ‚‹
ๅฃฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅญฆใถ
่ฆšใˆใ‚‹
่ฆšใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฆšใพใ™
ๆ „ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ „ใˆ
ๆ›ธใ
ๆดฅ
็‰ง
ๆ”ปใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ•—ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆžš
ๆ•…
ๆ•ฌใ†
่จ€ใ†
่จ€
่ญฆ
่จˆใ‚‰ใ†
่จˆใ‚‹
็„
่จ‚
่จŽใค
ใ‚†ใ‚
ใŸใ‹
ใŸใ‹ใ„
ใŸใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใŸใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ™ใšใ—ใ„
ใ™ใšใ‚€
341 r-1771
342 r-683
343 r-879
344 r-947
345 r-196
346 r-1437
347 r-88
348 r-1105
349 r-1531
ใใ˜ใ‚‰
ใพใ‚ใ‚Š
ใ•ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ†ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใชใถ
ใŠใผใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ•ใพใ™
ใ•ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹ใˆ
ใ‹ใ
ใค
ใพใ
ใ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใถใ‚Œใ‚‹
350
351
352
353
354
r-994
r-1760
r-180
r-1587
r-1059
355
356
357
358
359
r-234
r-551
r-1855
r-742
r-741
360 r-2212
361 r-1174
362
363
364
365
r-1177
r-1176
r-1870
r-579
366 r-1607
ใ‚†ใˆ
ใ†ใ‚„ใพใ†
ใ„ใ†
ใ“ใจ
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‰ใ†
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ†ใค
367
368
369
370
371
r-1262
r-1260
r-1259
r-20
r-1127
372 r-1408
373 r-1944
374 r-1766
่จ“
่ฉ”
่ฉฐใพใ‚‹
่ฉฐใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฉฐใ‚€
่ฉฑ
่ฉฑใ™
่ฉ ใ‚€
่ฉฉ
่ชžใ‚‰ใ†
่ชžใ‚‹
่ชญใ‚€
่ชฟในใ‚‹
่ชฟใ†
่ชฟใˆใ‚‹
่ซ‡
่ซพ
่ซญใ™
ๅผ
่ฉฆใ™
่ฉฆใฟใ‚‹
ๅผ
ๅŸŸ
่ณŠ
ๆ ฝ
่ผ‰ใ›ใ‚‹
่ผ‰ใ‚‹
่Œ‚ใ‚‹
ๆˆใ™
ๆˆใ‚‹
ๅŸŽ
่ช 
ๅจ
ๆป…ใณใ‚‹
ๆป…ใผใ™
ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ™
ๆธ›ใ‚‹
ๆกŸ
้Šญ
ๆต…ใ„
ๆญขใพใ‚‹
ๆญฉใ‚€
ๆญฉใ
ๆธ‰
้ ป
่‚ฏ
| 373
ใฟใ“ใจใฎใ‚Š
ใคใพใ‚‹
ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ‚€
ใฏใชใ—
ใฏใชใ™
ใ‚ˆใ‚€
ใ‹ใŸใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‹ใŸใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚€
ใ—ใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใจใจใฎใ†
ใจใจใฎใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใจใ™
ใŸใ‚ใ™
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใฟใ‚‹
ใฎใ›ใ‚‹
ใฎใ‚‹
ใ—ใ’ใ‚‹
ใชใ™
ใชใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚
ใพใ“ใจ
ใปใ‚ใณใ‚‹
ใปใ‚ใผใ™
ใธใ‚‰ใ™
ใธใ‚‹
ใœใซ
ใ‚ใ•ใ„
ใจใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ
374 | index v: cross-reference list
375
376
377
378
379
r-1739
r-443
r-22
r-2013
r-1204
380 r-1208
381 r-1050
382 r-360
383 r-361
384 r-1757
385 r-684
386 r-1954
387 r-1973
388
389
390
391
r-576
r-1038
r-1486
r-406
392 r-1596
393
394
395
396
397
r-1063
r-1634
r-2139
r-23
r-740
398 r-262
399 r-1936
400 r-388
401 r-1095
402 r-56
403 r-277
404 r-1692
ไผใฆใ‚‹
ๆญด
ๆญฆ
่ณฆ
ๆญฃใ—ใ„
ๆญฃใ™
ๆญฃ
่จผ
ๆ”ฟ
ๅฎšใ‹
ๅฎšใพใ‚‹
ๅฎšใ‚ใ‚‹
้Œ 
่ตฐใ‚‹
่ถ…ใˆใ‚‹
่ถ…ใ™
่ตดใ
่ถŠใˆใ‚‹
่ถŠใ™
ๆ˜ฏ
้กŒ
ๅ ค
ๅปบใค
ๅปบใฆใ‚‹
ๅปถใฐใ™
ๅปถใณใ‚‹
ๅปถในใ‚‹
่ช•
็คŽ
ๅฉฟ
่กฃ
่ฃใ
่ฃใค
่ฃ…ใ†
่ฃ
ๅฃŠใ™
ๅฃŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ“€ใ‚Œ
ๅ“€ใ‚Œใ‚€
้ ใ„
็Œฟ
ๅˆ
ๅˆ
ๅˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆใ‚
ๅˆใ‚ใฆ
ใใ‚ใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ใŸใ ใ™
ใพใ•
ใพใคใ‚Šใ”ใจ
ใ•ใ ใ‹
ใ•ใ ใพ
ใ•ใ ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ—ใ‚‹
ใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใ™
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚€ใ
ใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใ™
ใคใคใฟ
ใŸใค
ใŸใฆใ‚‹
ใฎใฐใ™
ใฎใณใ‚‹
ใฎในใ‚‹
ใ„ใ—ใšใˆ
ใ‚€ใ“
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚‚
ใ•ใฐใ
ใŸใค
ใ‚ˆใใŠใ†
ใ†ใ‚‰
ใ“ใ‚ใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚€
ใจใŠใ„
ใ•ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ„
ใฏใค
ใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜ใ‚
ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆ
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
r-818
r-343
r-746
r-321
r-702
r-597
r-2141
r-848
r-849
r-850
r-456
416 r-457
417 r-1152
418 r-500
419 r-501
420 r-1005
421 r-1075
422 r-1545
423
424
425
426
427
428
r-1843
r-2178
r-1896
r-265
r-1803
r-54
429 r-293
430 r-295
431 r-1553
432 r-2125
433 r-254
434 r-1277
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
r-462
r-1571
r-598
r-1875
r-1010
r-159
r-157
ๅธƒ
ๅธ†
ๅน…
ๅธฝ
ๅน•
ๅนŒ
้Œฆ
ๅธ‚
ๅง‰
่‚บ
ๅธฏ
ๅธฏใณใ‚‹
ๆปžใ‚‹
ๅˆบใ•ใ‚‹
ๅˆบใ™
ๅˆถ
่ฃฝ
่ปขใŒใ™
่ปขใŒใ‚‹
่ปขใ’ใ‚‹
่ปขใถ
่Šธ
้›จ
้›จ
้›ฒ
ๆ›‡ใ‚‹
้›ท
้œœ
ๅ†ฌ
ๅคฉ
ๅคฉ
ๆฉ‹
ๅฌŒ
็ซ‹ใค
็ซ‹ใฆใ‚‹
ๆณฃใ
็ซ 
็ซถใ†
็ซถใ‚‹
ๅธ
็ซฅ
็žณ
้˜
ๅ•†ใ†
ๅซก
้ฉ
ใฌใฎ
ใป
ใฏใฐ
ใปใ‚
ใซใ—ใ
ใ„ใก
ใ‚ใญ
ใŠใณ
ใŠใณใ‚‹
ใจใฉใ“ใŠใ‚‹
ใ•ใ•ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใŒใ™
ใ“ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใถ
ใ‚ใพ
ใ‚ใ‚
ใใ‚‚
ใใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใฟใชใ‚Š
ใ—ใ‚‚
ใตใ‚†
ใ‚ใพ
ใ‚ใ‚
ใฏใ—
ใŸใค
ใŸใฆใ‚‹
ใชใ
ใใใ†
ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใน
ใฒใจใฟ
ใ‹ใญ
ใ‚ใใชใ†
index v: cross-reference list
442 r-161
443
444
445
446
r-158
r-599
r-549
r-1860
447
448
449
450
r-21
r-2022
r-378
r-1647
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
r-1212
r-1213
r-1211
r-1210
r-287
r-289
r-973
r-1031
r-1307
r-1305
r-1101
r-600
r-1155
464 r-712
465 r-711
466 r-1697
467 r-2130
468 r-1844
469 r-108
470 r-2064
471 r-666
472
473
474
475
476
477
r-601
r-668
r-667
r-669
r-165
r-163
ๆปด
ๆปดใ‚‹
ๆ•ต
ๅŒ•
ๅŒ—
่ƒŒ
่ƒŒ
่ƒŒใ
่ƒŒใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆฏ”ในใ‚‹
ๆ˜†
็š†
ๆททใ–ใ‚‹
ๆททใ˜ใ‚‹
ๆธ‡ใ
่ฌ
่ค
ๅ–
ๆ—จ
่„‚
ๅฃฑ
ๆฏŽ
ๆ•
ๆข…
ๆตท
ไนž
ไนพใ‹ใ™
ไนพใ
่…น
่ค‡
ๆฌ ใ
ๆฌ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅนใ
็‚Šใ
ๆญŒ
ๆญŒใ†
่ปŸใ‚‰ใ‹
่ปŸใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ๆฌก
ๆฌกใ
่Œจ
่ณ‡
ๅงฟ
่ซฎใ‚‹
่ณ 
ๅŸนใ†
ใ—ใšใ
ใ—ใŸใŸใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ
ใ•ใ˜
ใใŸ
ใ›
ใ›ใ„
ใใ‚€ใ
ใใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใฟใช
ใพใ–ใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ
ใ‚€ใญ
ใ‚ใถใ‚‰
478 r-2047 ๅ‰–
479 r-1022 ้Ÿณ
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
r-1301
r-840
r-932
r-433
r-432
r-1182
r-1187
r-1952
r-418
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
r-1183
r-1316
r-1312
r-1311
r-1317
r-1313
r-1318
ใ”ใจ
496 r-508
ใ†ใ‚
ใ†ใฟ
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‹ใ‚ใ
ใฏใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใตใ
ใŸใ
ใ†ใŸ
ใ†ใŸใ†
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ใคใŽ
ใคใ
ใ„ใฐใ‚‰
497
498
499
500
501
502
r-1319
r-1395
r-1058
r-1394
r-48
r-1191
503 r-1193
504 r-937
505 r-1960
506 r-1327
507 r-903
508 r-212
509 r-1676
ใ™ใŒใŸ
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใคใกใ‹ใ†
510 r-441
้Ÿณ
ๆš—ใ„
้Ÿป
่ญ˜
้ก
ๅขƒ
ไบกใ„
็›ฒ
ๅฆ„
่’ใ„
่’ใ‚‰ใ™
่’ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆœ›ใ‚€
ๆ–น
ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹
ๅŠ
่Šณใ—ใ„
่‚ช
่จชใ‚Œใ‚‹
่จชใญใ‚‹
ๆ”พใ™
ๆ”พใค
ๆ”พใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„
่„ฑใ
่ชฌใ
้‹ญใ„
ๆ›ฝใฆ
ๅข—ใ™
ๅข—ใ‚„ใ™
ๅข—ใˆใ‚‹
่ดˆใ‚‹
ๆฑ
ๆฃŸ
ๆฃŸ
ๅ‡ใ‚‹
ๅ‡ใˆใ‚‹
ๅฆŠ
ๅปท
ๆŸ“ใฟ
ๆŸ“ใฟใ‚‹
ๆŸ“ใพใ‚‹
ๆŸ“ใ‚ใ‚‹
็‡ƒใˆใ‚‹
| 375
ใŠใจ
ใญ
ใใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‹ใŒใฟ
ใ•ใ‹ใ„
ใชใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฎใžใ‚€
ใ‹ใŸ
ใ•ใพใŸใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚“ใฐใ—ใ„
ใŠใจใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใšใญใ‚‹
ใฏใชใ™
ใฏใชใค
ใฏใชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฏใ’ใ—ใ„
ใฌใ
ใจใ
ใ™ใ‚‹ใฉใ„
ใ‹ใคใฆ
ใพใ™
ใตใ‚„ใ™
ใตใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚‹
ใฒใŒใ—
ใ‚€ใช
ใ‚€ใญ
ใ“ใŠใ‚‹
ใ“ใ”ใˆใ‚‹
ใ—ใฟ
ใ—ใฟใ‚‹
ใใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใˆใ‚‹
376 | index v: cross-reference list
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
r-1972
r-2016
r-408
r-602
r-956
r-1288
r-2022
r-1928
r-603
r-1885
r-1553
r-1668
r-1070
525 r-24
526 r-1228
527 r-1231
528 r-1631
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
r-1227
r-95
r-99
r-96
r-97
r-1927
r-947
r-1924
r-604
r-1549
r-2069
r-1881
r-281
r-284
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
r-1883
r-1372
r-1020
r-1373
r-1449
r-45
r-1047
็‡ƒใ™
็‡ƒใ‚„ใ™
่ณ“
ๆญณ
็œŒ
ๆ ƒ
ๅœฐ
ๆฑ 
่™ซ
่›
่›‡
่™น
่ถ
็‹ฌใ‚Š
่š•
้ขจ
้ขจ
ๅทฑ
่ตทใใ‚‹
่ตทใ“ใ‚‹
่ตทใ“ใ™
ๅฆƒ
ๆ”นใพใ‚‹
ๆ”นใ‚ใ‚‹
่จ˜ใ™
ๅŒ…ใ‚€
่ƒž
็ ฒ
ๆณก
ไบ€
้›ป
็ซœ
ๆป
่ฑš
้€
้‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ๅฎถ
ๅซ
ๅซใ
่ฑช
่…ธ
ๅ ด
ๆนฏ
็พŠ
็พŽใ—ใ„
ๆด‹
ใ‚‚ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ‚„ใ™
ใจใก
ใ„ใ‘
ใ‚€ใ—
ใปใŸใ‚‹
ใธใณ
ใซใ˜
ใฒใจใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ„ใ“
ใ‹ใ–
ใ‹ใœ
ใŠใฎใ‚Œ
ใŠใใ‚‹
ใŠใ“ใ‚‹
ใŠใ“ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‹ใ™
ใคใคใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚
ใ‹ใ‚
ใŸใค
ใŸใ
ใถใŸ
ใจใ’ใ‚‹
ใ„ใˆ
ใ‚ˆใ‚
ใจใคใ
ใฐ
ใ‚†
ใฒใคใ˜
ใ†ใคใใ—ใ„
550
551
552
553
554
555
r-1455
r-1456
r-572
r-2093
r-1815
r-1671
556 r-1829
557 r-512
558 r-513
559 r-1576
560 r-1961
561 r-1586
562 r-575
563 r-523
564
565
566
567
r-1767
r-1808
r-1906
r-1738
568
569
570
571
572
573
r-981
r-1654
r-754
r-755
r-752
r-2043
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
r-1044
r-2051
r-976
r-2208
r-605
r-1373
r-791
581 r-962
่ฉณใ—ใ„
้ฎฎใ‚„ใ‹
้”
็พจใพใ—ใ„
ๅทฎใ™
็€ใ
็€ใ‘ใ‚‹
็€ใ‚‹
็€ใ›ใ‚‹
ๅ”ฏ
็„ฆใ‚‹
็„ฆใŒใ™
็„ฆใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
็„ฆใ’ใ‚‹
็ค
้›†ใ†
้›†ใพใ‚‹
้›†ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‡†
้€ฒใ‚€
้€ฒใ‚ใ‚‹
้›‘
้›Œ
้›Œ
ๆบ–
ๅฅฎใ†
ๅฅชใ†
็ขบใ‹
็ขบใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆ
่จฑใ™
ๆญ“
ๆจฉ
่ฆณ
็พฝ
็พฝ
็ฟ’ใ†
็ฟŒ
ๆ›œ
ๆฟฏ
ๆ—ฅใ
ๅ›ฐใ‚‹
ๅ›บใ„
ๅ›บใพใ‚‹
ๅ›บใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ›ฝ
ใใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚„ใพใ—ใ„
ใ•ใ™
ใคใ
ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใใ‚‹
ใใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ“ใŒใ™
ใ“ใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ“ใ’ใ‚‹
ใคใฉใ†
ใ‚ใคใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ™ใ‚€
ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚
ใ‚ใ™
ใตใ‚‹ใ†
ใ†ใฐใ†
ใŸใ—ใ‹
ใŸใ—ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใพ
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ™
ใฏใญ
ใฏ
ใชใ‚‰ใ†
ใ„ใ‚ใ
ใ“ใพใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ„
ใ‹ใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใซ
index v: cross-reference list
582
583
584
585
586
r-957
r-905
r-906
r-276
r-1087
587
588
589
590
591
592
r-718
r-1010
r-1043
r-214
r-1461
r-1865
593
594
595
596
597
r-136
r-138
r-946
r-1184
r-310
598 r-311
599 r-1230
600 r-142
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
r-143
r-58
r-606
r-1719
r-1568
r-907
r-1011
r-856
r-264
r-1801
r-1505
612 r-31
613 r-1903
614 r-1550
615 r-518
616 r-480
617 r-485
618 r-1185
ๅ›ฃ
ๅ› ใ‚‹
ๅงป
ๅœ’
ๅ›žใ™
ๅ›žใ‚‹
ๅฃ‡
ๅบ—
ๅบซ
ๅบญ
ๅบ
ๅบŠ
ๅบŠ
้บป
็ฃจใ
ๅฟƒ
ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅฟใฐใ›ใ‚‹
ๅฟใถ
่ชใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฟŒใพใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅฟŒใ‚€
ๅฟ—
ๅฟ—ใ™
่ชŒ
ๅฟ 
ไธฒ
ๆ‚ฃใ†
ๆ€ใ†
ๆฉ
ๅฟœ
ๆ„
ๆƒณ
ๆฏ
ๆ†ฉใ„
ๆ†ฉใ†
ๆตใ‚€
ๆใ‚Œ
ๆใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆƒ‘ใ†
ๆ„Ÿ
ๆ†‚ใ„
ๆ†‚ใ„
ๆ†‚ใˆใ‚‹
ๅฏก
ๅฟ™ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใใฎ
ใพใ‚ใ™
ใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฟใ›
619
620
621
622
623
624
r-1391
r-1638
r-2017
r-87
r-819
r-419
625 r-1303
ใซใ‚
626 r-1192
ใ‚†ใ‹
ใจใ“
ใ‚ใ•
ใฟใŒใ
ใ“ใ“ใ‚
ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ—ใฎใฐใ›ใ‚‹
ใ—ใฎใถ
ใฟใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใพใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ„ใ‚€
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ–ใ—
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ–ใ™
ใใ—
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ†
ใŠใ‚‚ใ†
ใ„ใ
ใ„ใ“ใ„
ใ„ใ“ใ†
ใ‚ใใ‚€
ใŠใใ‚Œ
ใŠใใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใพใฉใ†
ใ†ใ„
ใ†ใ‚Œใ„
ใ†ใ‚Œใˆใ‚‹
ใ„ใใŒใ—ใ„
627 r-391
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
r-179
r-898
r-924
r-519
r-855
r-700
r-1989
635 r-999
636 r-1293
637 r-1052
638 r-1713
639 r-137
640 r-338
641
642
643
644
645
r-74
r-75
r-77
r-286
r-98
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
r-537
r-1409
r-223
r-347
r-680
r-1644
r-92
ๆ‚ฆ
ๆ’
ๆ‚ผใ‚€
ๆ‚Ÿใ‚‹
ๆ€–ใ„
ๆ…ŒใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ๆ…Œใฆใ‚‹
ๆ‚”ใ„ใ‚‹
ๆ‚”ใ—ใ„
ๆ‚”ใ‚„ใ‚€
ๆ†Žใ„
ๆ†Žใ—ใฟ
ๆ†Žใ‚€
ๆ†Žใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ๆ…ฃใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ…ฃใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆ„‰
ๆƒฐ
ๆ…Žใ‚€
ๆ†พ
ๆ†ถ
ๆ…•ใ†
ๆทปใ†
ๆทปใˆใ‚‹
ๅฟ…ใš
ๆณŒ
ๆ‰‹
ๆ‰‹
็œ‹
ๆ‘ฉ
ๆˆ‘
ๆˆ‘
็พฉ
่ญฐ
็Š 
ๆŠน
ๆŠฑใˆใ‚‹
ๆŠฑใ
ๆŠฑใ
ๆญ
ๆŠ„
ๆŠ—
ๆ‰น
ๆ‹›ใ
ๆ‹“
ๆ‹
| 377
ใ„ใŸใ‚€
ใ•ใจใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚ใŸใ ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ใใ„ใ‚‹
ใใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใใ‚„ใ‚€
ใซใใ„
ใซใใ—ใฟ
ใซใใ‚€
ใซใใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใชใ‚‰ใ™
ใชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใคใคใ—ใ‚€
ใ—ใŸใ†
ใใ†
ใใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใชใ‚‰ใš
ใŸ
ใฆ
ใ‚ใ‚Œ
ใ‚
ใ‹ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ ใ
ใ„ใ ใ
ใพใญใ
378 | index v: cross-reference list
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
r-1465
r-1956
r-912
r-1753
r-160
r-1170
r-288
660
661
662
663
664
r-1434
r-1501
r-1520
r-1752
r-1371
665 r-1485
666 r-841
667 r-1813
668 r-717
669 r-1957
670 r-279
671 r-228
672 r-1579
673 r-1214
674 r-607
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
r-939
r-386
r-387
r-1800
r-450
r-451
r-1094
r-1046
r-1516
r-578
r-1135
r-36
r-1645
688 r-185
ๆ‰“ใค
ๆ‹˜
ๆจใฆใ‚‹
ๆ‹
ๆ‘˜ใ‚€
ๆŒ‘ใ‚€
ๆŒ‡
ๆŒ‡ใ™
ๆŒใค
ๆ‹ฌ
ๆฎ
ๆŽจใ™
ๆšใ’ใ‚‹
ๆšใŒใ‚‹
ๆใ’ใ‚‹
ๆใชใ†
ๆใญใ‚‹
ๆ‹พใ†
ๆ‹…ใ†
ๆ‹…ใ
ๆ‹ 
ๆใ
ๆ“
ๆ“ใ‚‹
ๆŽฅใ
ๆŽฒใ’ใ‚‹
ๆŽ›ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚Š
ๆŽ›ใ‹ใ‚‹
็ ”ใ
ๆˆ’ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆขฐ
้ผป
ๅˆ‘
ๅž‹
ๆ‰
่ฒก
ๆ
ๅญ˜
ๅœจใ‚‹
ไนƒ
ๆบใˆใ‚‹
ๆบใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŠใผใ™
ๅŠใณ
ๅŠใถ
ใ†ใค
ใ™ใฆใ‚‹
ใคใ‚€
ใ„ใฉใ‚€
ใ‚†ใณ
ใ•ใ™
ใ‚‚ใค
ใŠใ™
ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ใใ“ใชใ†
ใใ“ใญใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ†
ใซใชใ†
ใ‹ใคใ
ใˆใŒใ
ใฟใ•ใŠ
ใ‚ใ‚„ใคใ‚‹
ใคใ
ใ‹ใ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใจใ
ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใช
689
690
691
692
693
694
r-186
r-608
r-961
r-908
r-910
r-863
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
r-864
r-609
r-454
r-455
r-1717
r-859
r-857
r-47
r-192
704 r-1774
705 r-2054
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
r-1678
r-541
r-1616
r-1640
r-2142
r-1402
r-1405
r-1403
r-1404
r-722
r-724
ใ‹ใŸ
717 r-721
ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใšใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใšใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚ˆใผใ™
ใŠใ‚ˆใณ
ใŠใ‚ˆใถ
718 r-1295
719 r-1297
720 r-1298
721 r-1296
722 r-1234
723 r-1233
ๅธใ†
ๆ‰ฑใ†
ไธˆ
ๅฒ
ๅ
ๆ›ด
ๆ›ดใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ›ดใ‹ใ™
็กฌใ„
ๅˆ
ๅŒ
ๆก‘
้šป
่ญท
็ฒใ‚‹
ๅฅด
ๆ€’ใ‚‹
ๆ€’ใ‚‹
ๅ‹
ๆŠœใ‹ใ™
ๆŠœใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆŠœใ
ๆŠœใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆŠ•ใ’ใ‚‹
ๆฒก
่จญใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ’ƒใค
ๆฎป
ๆ”ฏใˆใ‚‹
ๆŠ€
ๆž
่‚ข
่ŒŽ
ๆ€ชใ—ใ„
ๆ€ชใ—ใ‚€
่ปฝใ„
่ปฝใ‚„ใ‹
ๅ”
็ฃ
ๅฏ‚
ๅฏ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅฏ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆท‘
ๅใ‚‰ใ™
ๅใ‚‹
ๅ‚
ใ™ใ†
ใ‚ใคใ‹ใ†
ใŸใ‘
ใ•ใ‚‰
ใตใ‘ใ‚‹
ใตใ‹ใ™
ใ‹ใŸใ„
ใพใŸ
ใตใŸ
ใใ‚
ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใค
ใŠใ“ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‚
ใฌใ‹ใ™
ใฌใ‹ใ‚‹
ใฌใ
ใฌใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ†ใค
ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใ•ใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ–
ใˆใ 
ใใ
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚€
ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ•ใณ
ใ•ใณใ—ใ„
ใ•ใณใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚‰ใ™
ใใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹
index v: cross-reference list
724 r-1235 ๆฟ
725 r-1240 ่ฟ”ใ™
726
727
728
729
r-1236
r-610
r-1776
r-977
730 r-1867
731
732
733
734
735
r-514
r-515
r-242
r-243
r-364
736 r-365
737 r-1096
738 r-2118
739 r-830
740
741
742
743
r-832
r-831
r-953
r-1918
744 r-1070
745 r-1265
746 r-1099
747 r-1268
748
749
750
751
752
r-1266
r-307
r-1008
r-1106
r-382
่ฟ”ใ‚‹
่ฒฉ
็ˆช
ๅฆฅ
ไนณ
ไนณ
ๆตฎใ‹ใถ
ๆตฎใ‹ในใ‚‹
ๆตฎใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆตฎใ
ๅฐ†
ๅฅจ
ๆŽกใ‚‹
่œ
ๅ—ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆŽˆใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆŽˆใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ„›
ๆ‰•ใ†
ๅบƒใ„
ๅบƒใŒใ‚‹
ๅบƒใ’ใ‚‹
ๅบƒใพใ‚‹
ๅบƒใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ‹ก
้‰ฑ
ๅผ
้›„
้›„
ๅฐ
ๆ€ ใ‚‹
ๆ€ ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆฒปใพใ‚‹
ๆฒปใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฒปใ™
ๆฒปใ‚‹
ๅง‹ใพใ‚‹
ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ƒŽ
็ช“
ๅŽปใ‚‹
ๆณ•
ไผšใ†
ใ„ใŸ
ใ‹ใˆใ™
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‚
ใกใก
ใก
ใ†ใ‹ใถ
ใ†ใ‹ในใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ
ใจใ‚‹
ใช
ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ•ใšใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ•ใšใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚‰ใ†
ใฒใ‚ใ„
ใฒใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠ
ใŠใ™
ใŠใ“ใŸใ‚‹
ใชใพใ‘ใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใชใŠใ™
ใชใŠใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใพใฉ
ใ•ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ†
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
r-1947
r-1025
r-526
r-1997
r-1559
r-1659
r-1141
760
761
762
763
764
r-467
r-917
r-918
r-497
r-15
765 r-2161
766 r-2023
767 r-571
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
r-985
r-2211
r-1732
r-1735
r-1406
r-610a
r-355
775
776
777
778
779
r-534
r-535
r-611
r-612
r-1561
780 r-612a
781 r-945
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
r-1157
r-1252
r-1015
r-1481
r-1484
r-1482
r-1491
่‡ณใ‚‹
ๅฎค
ๅˆฐ
่‡ดใ™
ไบ’ใ„
ๆฃ„
่‚ฒใค
่‚ฒใฆใ‚‹
ๆ’ค
ๅ……ใฆใ‚‹
้Šƒ
็กซ
ๆตใ™
ๆตใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ…
ๅ”†ใ™
ๅ‡บใ‚‹
ๅ‡บใ™
ๅฑฑ
ๆ‹™
ๅฒฉ
็‚ญ
ๅฒ
ๅณ 
ๅดฉใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅดฉใ™
ๅฏ†
่œœ
ๅต
ๅดŽ
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹
ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ…ฅใ‚‹
่พผใ‚€
่พผใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใค
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅˆ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
่ฒงใ—ใ„
้ ’
ๅ…ฌ
ๆพ
็ฟ
่จŸ
่ฐท
| 379
ใ„ใŸใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‚
ใ„ใŸใ™
ใŸใŒใ„
ใใ ใค
ใใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ใชใŒใ™
ใชใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใใฎใ‹ใ™
ใงใ‚‹
ใ ใ™
ใ‚„ใพ
ใ„ใ‚
ใ™ใฟ
ใจใ†ใ’
ใใšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใšใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ—
ใ•ใ
ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใฏใ„ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚€
ใ“ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใค
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใพใšใ—ใ„
ใŠใŠใ‚„ใ‘
ใพใค
ใŸใซ
380 | index v: cross-reference list
789 r-1490 ๆตดใณใ›ใ‚‹
790 r-478
791 r-479
792 r-1489
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
r-1493
r-822
r-821
r-1339
r-1344
r-1040
r-983
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
r-1338
r-1341
r-1418
r-18
r-1425
r-1422
r-1423
807 r-1419
808 r-1114
809 r-373
810 r-183
811 r-1323
812 r-768
813 r-770
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
r-769
r-1743
r-1807
r-1585
r-1834
r-1466
r-1467
r-1468
r-1469
r-2005
ๆตดใณใ‚‹
ๅฎน
ๆบถใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆบถใ
ๆบถใ‹ใ™
ๆฌฒใ—ใ„
ๆฌฒใ™ใ‚‹
่ฃ•
้‰›
ๆฒฟใ†
่ณž
ๅ…š
ๅ ‚
ๅธธ
ๅธธ
่ฃณ
ๆŽŒ
็šฎ
ๆณข
ๅฉ†
ๆŠซ
็ ดใ‚‹
็ ดใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ขซใ‚‹
ๆฎ‹ใ™
ๆฎ‹ใ‚‹
ๆฎ‰
ๆฎŠ
ๆฎ–ใ‚„ใ™
ๆฎ–ใˆใ‚‹
ๅˆ—
่ฃ‚ใ
่ฃ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ƒˆ
ๆญปใฌ
่‘ฌใ‚‹
็žฌใ
่€ณ
ๅ–ใ‚‹
่ถฃ
ๆœ€ใ‚‚
ๆ’ฎใ‚‹
ๆฅ
ๆฅใ˜ใ‚‰ใ†
ๆฅใ˜ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใณใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใณใ‚‹
ใจใ‘ใ‚‹
ใจใ
ใจใ‹ใ™
ใปใ—ใ„
ใปใฃใ™ใ‚‹
ใชใพใ‚Š
ใใ†
ใคใญ
ใจใ“
ใ‚‚
ใ‹ใ‚
ใชใฟ
ใ‚„ใถใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใถใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ“ใ†ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใฎใ“ใ™
ใฎใ“ใ‚‹
ใ“ใจ
ใตใ‚„ใ™
ใตใˆใ‚‹
ใ•ใ
ใ•ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ—ใฌ
ใปใ†ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใพใŸใŸใ
ใฟใฟ
ใจใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚‚ใ‚€ใ
ใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚
ใจใ‚‹
ใฏใ˜
ใฏใ˜ใ‚‰ใ†
ใฏใ˜ใ‚‹
824
825
826
827
828
r-933
r-1042
r-1920
r-1590
r-389
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
r-434
r-435
r-1552
r-1322
r-1577
r-559
r-1889
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
r-395
r-394
r-824
r-825
r-404
r-826
r-2137
843 r-1740
844 r-2182
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
r-1061
r-958
r-1377
r-1593
r-613
r-490
r-491
r-876
r-875
r-1700
r-1119
r-224
r-225
r-567
r-950
r-1112
r-699
ๆฅใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
่ท
่–
ๆ•ข
่ดใ
ๆ‡ใ‹ใ—ใ‚€
ๆ‡ใ‹ใ—ใ„
ๆ‡ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ‡ใ
ๆ‡
ๆ…ข
ๆผซ
่ฒทใ†
็ฝฎใ
็ฝฐ
ๅฏง
ๆฟใ™
ๆฟใ‚‹
็’ฐ
้‚„
ๅคซ
ๆ‰ถ
ๆธ“
่ฆ
ๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹
ๆ›ฟใ‚ใ‚‹
่ณ›
ๆฝœใ‚€
ๆฝœใ‚‹
ๅคฑใ†
้‰„
่ฟญ
่‡ฃ
ๅงซ
่”ต
่‡“
่ณขใ„
ๅ …ใ„
่‡จใ‚€
่ฆง
ๅทจ
ๆ‹’ใ‚€
ๅŠ›
็”ท
ๅŠด
ๅ‹Ÿใ‚‹
ใฏใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใใ
ใชใคใ‹ใ—ใ‚€
ใชใคใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใชใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใคใ
ใตใจใ“ใ‚
ใ‹ใ†
ใŠใ
ใซใ”ใ™
ใซใ”ใ‚‹
ใŠใฃใจ
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฒใใ‚€
ใ‚‚ใใ‚‹
ใ†ใ—ใชใ†
ใฒใ‚
ใใ‚‰
ใ‹ใ—ใ“ใ„
ใ‹ใŸใ„
ใฎใžใ‚€
ใ“ใฐใ‚€
ใกใ‹ใ‚‰
ใŠใจใ“
ใคใฎใ‚‹
index v: cross-reference list
862
863
864
865
866
r-1415
r-115
r-753
r-193
r-2067
867 r-25
868 r-790
869 r-789
870 r-614
871 r-305
872 r-304
873 r-974
874 r-566
875 r-710
876 r-1623
877 r-368
878
879
880
881
882
883
r-1055
r-1034
r-1337
r-1207
r-723
r-1420
884
885
886
887
888
r-1575
r-1793
r-466
r-328
r-329
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
r-1783
r-1384
r-1971
r-415
r-283
r-461
r-577
r-1637
ๅŠฃใ‚‹
ๅŠŸ
ๅ‹งใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŠชใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŠฑใพใ™
ๅŠฑใ‚€
ๅŠ ใˆใ‚‹
ๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ณ€
ๆžถใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆžถใ‘ใ‚‹
่„‡
่„…ใ‹ใ™
่„…ใ™
่„…ใ‹ใ™
ๅ”
่กŒใ
่กŒใ†
ๅพ‹
ๅพฉ
ๅพ—ใ‚‹
ๅพ—ใ‚‹
ๅพ“ใ†
ๅพ“ใˆใ‚‹
ๅพ’
ๅพ…ใค
ๅพ€
ๅพ
ๅพ„
ๅฝผ
ๅฝผ
ๅฝน
ๅพณ
ๅพน
ๅพด
ๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ‡ฒใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ‡ฒใ‚Šใ‚‹
ๅพฎ
่ก—
่กก
็จฟ
็จผใ
็จ‹
็จŽ
็จš
ใŠใจใ‚‹
897 r-12
ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ’ใพใ™
ใฏใ’ใ‚€
ใใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
898
899
900
901
r-1775
r-1412
r-482
r-483
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
r-1662
r-1379
r-998
r-2080
r-10
r-237
r-858
r-2128
r-1908
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ
ใŠใณใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ใŠใฉใ™
ใŠใฉใ‹ใ™
ใ„ใ
ใŠใ“ใชใ†
911 r-1714
ใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‹
ใ—ใŸใŒใ†
ใ—ใŸใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใพใค
ใ‹ใ‚Œ
ใ‹ใฎ
ใ“ใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ“ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใพใก
ใ‹ใ›ใ
ใปใฉ
912
913
914
915
r-1667
r-1706
r-1868
r-1999
916
917
918
919
920
r-1753
r-1785
r-1894
r-539
r-1248
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
r-1968
r-1888
r-1563
r-1550
r-887
r-495
r-555
r-1708
r-1663
930 r-1876
931 r-1566
ๅ’Œใ‚€
ๅ’Œใ‚„ใ‹
ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ
ๅ’Œใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
็งปใ™
็ง’
็ง‹
ๆ„ใ„
ๆ„ใˆใ‚‹
็ง
็งฉ
็ง˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
็งฐ
ๅˆฉใ
ๆขจ
็ฉซ
็ฉ‚
็จฒ
็จฒ
้ฆ™ใ‚Š
้ฆ™ใ‚‹
้ฆ™
ๅญฃ
ๅง”
็ง€ใงใ‚‹
้€ใ‹ใ™
้€ใ
้€ใ‘ใ‚‹
่ช˜ใ†
็ฉ€
่Œ
็ฑณ
็ฒ‰
็ฒ‰
็ฒ˜ใ‚‹
็ฒ’
็ฒง
่ฟทใ†
็ฒ‹
็ณง
่Š
ๅฅฅ
ๆ•ฐ
ๆ•ฐใˆใ‚‹
ๆฅผ
้กž
| 381
ใชใ”ใ‚€
ใชใ”ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ™
ใ‚ใ
ใ†ใ‚Œใ„
ใ†ใ‚Œใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใใ—
ใฒใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ
ใชใ—
ใป
ใ„ใญ
ใ„ใช
ใ‹ใŠใ‚Š
ใ‹ใŠใ‚‹
ใ‹
ใฒใ„ใงใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‹ใ™
ใ™ใ
ใ™ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ•ใใ†
ใ“ใ‚
ใ“ใช
ใ“
ใญใฐใ‚‹
ใคใถ
ใพใ‚ˆใ†
ใ‹ใฆ
ใŠใ
ใ‹ใš
ใ‹ใžใˆใ‚‹
382 | index v: cross-reference list
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
r-1907
r-1451
r-230
r-232
r-231
r-2036
r-1783
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
r-615
r-616
r-1899
r-617
r-1103
r-1166
r-1439
r-1669
r-1651
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
r-1695
r-1383
r-1617
r-962
r-897
r-618
r-995
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
r-1578
r-60
r-1084
r-1959
r-1649
r-141
r-1132
r-2182
963 r-1136
964 r-1083
965 r-1574
966
967
968
969
r-1241
r-94
r-1143
r-1002
ๆผ†
ๆง˜
ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ƒ
ๆ•‘ใ†
็ซน
็ฌ‘ใ†
็ฌ‘ใ‚€
็ฌ 
็ฌน
็ญ‹
็ฎฑ
็ญ†
็ญ’
็ญ‰ใ—ใ„
็ฎ—
็ญ”ใˆ
็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹
็ญ–
็ฐฟ
็ฏ‰ใ
ไบบ
ไฝ
ไฝ†ใ—
ไฝใ‚€
ไฝใพใ†
ไฝ
ไปฒ
ไฝ“
ๆ‚ 
ไปถ
ไป•ใˆใ‚‹
ไป–
ไผใ›ใ‚‹
ไผใ™
ไผใŸใ†
ไผใˆใ‚‹
ไผใ‚ใ‚‹
ไป
ไผ‘ใพใ‚‹
ไผ‘ใ‚€
ไผ‘ใ‚ใ‚‹
ไปฎ
ไผฏ
ไฟ—
ไฟก
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ—
ใ•ใพ
ใ‚‚ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใพ
ใ™ใใ†
ใŸใ‘
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ†
ใˆใ‚€
ใ‹ใ•
ใ•ใ•
ใ™ใ˜
ใฏใ“
ใตใง
ใคใค
ใฒใจใ—ใ„
ใ“ใŸใˆ
ใ“ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใใšใ
ใฒใจ
ใŸใ ใ—
ใ™ใ‚€
ใ™ใพใ†
ใใ‚‰ใ„
ใชใ‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ 
ใคใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใตใ›ใ‚‹
ใตใ™
ใคใŸใ†
ใคใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใคใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใปใจใ‘
ใ‚„ใ™ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚€
ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚Š
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
r-1388
r-1627
r-771
r-792
r-407
r-268
r-1435
r-465
r-1321
979 r-509
980 r-527
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
r-313
r-1189
r-854
r-76
r-1340
r-1092
r-1664
r-32
r-1306
r-909
r-865
r-162
r-481
994 r-316
995 r-492
996 r-1375
997
998
999
1000
r-16
r-2184
r-1878
r-69
1001 r-71
1002 r-70
1003 r-902
1004 r-904
1005 r-269
ไฝณ
ไพ
ไพ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ๅ€‹
ๅฅใ‚„ใ‹
ๅด
ไพ
ๅœ
ๅ€ค
ๅ€ค
ๅ€ฃใ†
ๅ€’ใ™
ๅ€’ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅต
ๅƒง
ๅ„„
ๅ„€
ๅ„Ÿใ†
ไป™
ๅ‚ฌใ™
ไป
ไพฎใ‚‹
ไฝฟใ†
ไพฟใ‚Š
ๅ€
ๅ„ชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ„ชใ—ใ„
ไผ
ๅฎฟ
ๅฎฟใ™
ๅฎฟใ‚‹
ๅ‚ท
ๅ‚ทใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‚ทใ‚€
ไฟใค
่ค’ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ‚‘
ไป˜ใ
ไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹
็ฌฆ
ๅบœ
ไปปใ™
ไปปใ›ใ‚‹
่ณƒ
ไปฃใˆใ‚‹
ไปฃใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใจใˆใ‚‹
ใ™ใ“ใ‚„ใ‹
ใ‹ใ‚
ใ•ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‚ใŸใ„
ใญ
ใชใ‚‰ใ†
ใŸใŠใ™
ใŸใŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใคใใชใ†
ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใŠใ™
ใ‚ใชใฉใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ†
ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Š
ใ™ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ„
ใ‚„ใฉ
ใ‚„ใฉใ™
ใ‚„ใฉใ‚‹
ใใš
ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ„ใŸใ‚€
ใŸใ‚‚ใค
ใปใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ
ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใพใ‹ใ™
ใพใ‹ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
index v: cross-reference list
1006 r-271
1007 r-270
1008 r-110
1009 r-111
1010 r-112
1011 r-1756
1012 r-106
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
r-107
r-2074
r-1314
r-43
r-619
1018 r-1778
1019r-944
1020 r-272
1021 r-273
1022 r-562
1023 r-73
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
r-574
r-524
r-2154
r-620
r-11
r-1784
r-929
r-621
r-931
r-2024
r-1026
r-486
r-1008
r-1830
1038
1039
1040
1041
r-1781
r-622
r-344
r-345
ไปฃ
ไปฃ
่ข‹
่ฒธใ™
ๅŒ–ใ‹ใ™
ๅŒ–ใ‘ใ‚‹
่Šฑ
่ฒจ
ๅ‚พใ
ๅ‚พใ‘ใ‚‹
ไฝ•
ไฝ•
่ท
ไฟŠ
ๅ‚ใ‚‰
ไน…ใ—ใ„
็•
็•
ๅ›š
ๅ†…
ไธ™
ๆŸ„
ๆŸ„
่‚‰
่…ใ‚‰ใ™
่…ใ‚‹
่…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅบงใ‚‹
ๅ’
ๅ‚˜
ๅŒ
ไปฅ
ไผผใ‚‹
ไฝตใ›ใ‚‹
็“ฆ
็“ถ
ๅฎฎ
ๅ–ถใ‚€
ๅ–„ใ„
ๅนด
ๅคœ
ๅคœ
ๆถฒ
ๅกš
ๅนฃ
ๅผŠ
ใ‚ˆ
ใ—ใ‚
ใตใใ‚
ใ‹ใ™
ใฐใ‹ใ™
ใฐใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฏใช
ใ‹ใŸใ‚€ใ
ใ‹ใŸใ‚€ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใซ
ใชใ‚“
ใซ
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰
ใฒใ•ใ—ใ„
ใ†ใญ
ใ›
ใ†ใก
ใˆ
ใŒใ‚‰
1042 r-393
1043 r-392
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
r-1666
r-1289
r-1969
r-1795
r-975
r-569
r-557
r-1137
r-2060
r-564
r-2233
r-545
r-930
r-714
r-1820
r-1873
r-302
r-303
r-623
r-1220
r-624
ใใ•ใ‚‰ใ™
ใใ•ใ‚‹
ใใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
1065 r-1188
1066 r-1078
1067 r-1886
ใ‹ใ•
ใ‚‚ใ‚“ใ‚
1068 r-1911
ใซใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‰
ใฟใ‚„
ใ„ใจใชใ‚€
ใ‚ˆใ„
ใจใ—
ใ‚ˆ
ใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‹
1069 r-1731
1070 r-1159
1071 r-1898
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
r-1062
r-1069
r-1996
r-719
r-1837
r-1901
r-1315
r-1660
ๅ–š
ๆ›ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ž
ๆ–ฝใ™
ๆ—‹
้Šใถ
ๆ—…
ๅ‹ฟ
็‰ฉ
ๆ˜“ใ—ใ„
่ณœใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฐฟ
ๅฐผ
ๆณฅ
ๅก€
ๅฑฅใ
ๅฑ‹
ๆกใ‚‹
ๅฑˆ
ๆŽ˜ใ‚‹
ๅ €
ๅฑ…ใ‚‹
ๆฎใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฎใˆใ‚‹
ๅฑค
ๅฑ€
้…ใ‚‰ใ™
้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
้…ใ„
ๆผใ‚‹
ๆผใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆผใ‚‰ใ™
ๅˆทใ‚‹
ๅฐบ
ๅฐฝใ‹ใ™
ๅฐฝใใ‚‹
ๅฐฝใใ™
ๆฒข
่จณ
ๆŠž
ๆ˜ผ
ๆˆธ
่‚ฉ
ๆˆฟ
ๆ‰‡
| 383
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใปใฉใ“ใ™
ใ‚ใใถ
ใŸใณ
ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใ‚„ใ•ใ—ใ„
ใŸใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใพ
ใฉใ‚
ใฏใ
ใ‚„
ใซใŽใ‚‹
ใปใ‚‹
ใปใ‚Š
ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ™ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚‰ใ™
ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใใ„
ใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ™ใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ™
ใคใใ‚‹
ใคใใ™
ใ•ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‘
ใฒใ‚‹
ใจ
ใ‹ใŸ
ใตใ•
ใŠใŠใŽ
384 | index v: cross-reference list
1080 r-2028 ็‚‰
1081 r-2187 ๆˆปใ™
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
r-1902
r-520
r-521
r-1718
r-1744
r-51
r-1454
r-1279
r-744
r-1751
r-941
r-1702
r-37
r-358
r-359
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
r-1742
r-446
r-447
r-1588
r-1979
r-532
1103 r-452
1104 r-453
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
r-14
r-1348
r-1346
r-1350
r-1347
r-625
1111
1112
1113
1114
r-2147
r-552
r-1897
r-1693
1115 r-626
1116 r-1945
1117 r-144
1118 r-146
ๆˆปใ‚‹
ๆถ™
้›‡ใ†
้กงใฟใ‚‹
ๅ•“
็คบใ™
็คผ
็ฅฅ
็ฅใ†
็ฆ
็ฅ‰
็คพ
่ฆ–
ๅฅˆ
ๅฐ‰
ๆ…ฐใ‚€
ๆ…ฐใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฌพ
็ฆ
่ฅŸ
ๅฎ—
ๅด‡
็ฅญใ‚Š
็ฅญใ‚‹
ๅฏŸ
ๆ“ฆใ‚‹
ๆ“ฆใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”ฑ
ๆŠฝ
ๆฒน
่ข–
ๅฎ™
ๅฑŠใ
ๅฑŠใ‘ใ‚‹
็ฌ›
่ปธ
็”ฒ
ๆŠผใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ๆŠผใ™
ๅฒฌ
ๆŒฟใ™
็”ณใ™
็”ณ
ไผธใฐใ™
ใ‚‚ใฉใ™
ใ‚‚ใฉใ‚‹
ใชใฟใ 
ใ‚„ใจใ†
ใ‹ใˆใ‚Šใฟใ‚‹
1119 r-145
1120 r-1670
1121 r-760
ใ—ใ‚ใ™
ใ„ใ‚ใ†
ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
r-762
r-761
r-763
r-2198
r-2012
r-995
r-1998
r-1014
r-1633
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
r-1715
r-2194
r-1981
r-2010
r-2057
r-1581
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
r-1037
r-1761
r-1653
r-692
r-695
r-691
r-2201
r-296
r-2058
r-1029
r-1970
r-251
r-252
ใชใใ•ใ‚€
ใชใใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใˆใ‚Š
ใพใคใ‚Š
ใพใคใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚‹
ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ—
ใ‚ใถใ‚‰
ใใง
ใจใฉใ
ใจใฉใ‘ใ‚‹
ใตใˆ
ใŠใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใ™
ใฟใ•ใ
ใ•ใ™
ใ‚‚ใ†ใ™
ใ•ใ‚‹
ใฎใฐใ™
1150 r-253
1151 r-1564
1152 r-1027
1153 r-953
ไผธใณใ‚‹
็ฅž
็ฅž
็ฅž
ๆœใ™
ๆžœใŸใ™
ๆžœใฆ
ๆžœใฆใ‚‹
่“
่ชฒ
่ฃธ
ๆ–ค
ๆž
ๆ‰€
็ฅˆใ‚‹
่ฟ‘ใ„
ๆŠ˜
ๆŠ˜ใ‚‹
ๆŠ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ“ฒ
้€ใ
่ช“ใ†
ๆšซ
ๆผธ
ๆ–ญใ‚‹
ๆ–ญใค
่ณช
ๆ–ฅ
่จดใˆใ‚‹
ๆ˜จ
่ฉ
ไฝœใ‚‹
้›ช
้Œฒ
ๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹
ๆ€ฅใ
็ฉใ‚„ใ‹
ไพตใ™
ๆตธใ™
ๆตธใ‚‹
ๅฏใ‹ใ™
ๅฏใ‚‹
ๅฉฆ
ๆŽƒใ
ๅฝ“ใฆใ‚‹
ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚‹
ใฎใณใ‚‹
ใ‹ใฟ
ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ“ใ†
ใ•ใŒใ™
ใฏใŸใ™
ใฏใฆ
ใฏใฆใ‚‹
ใฏใ ใ‹
ใŠใฎ
ใจใ“ใ‚
ใ„ใฎใ‚‹
ใกใ‹ใ„
ใŠใ‚Š
ใŠใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ
ใกใ‹ใ†
ใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใค
ใ†ใฃใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใคใใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ
ใŸใšใญใ‚‹
ใ„ใใ
ใŠใ ใ‚„ใ‹
ใŠใ‹ใ™
ใฒใŸใ™
ใฒใŸใ‚‹
ใญใ‹ใ™
ใญใ‚‹
ใฏใ
ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
index v: cross-reference list
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
r-835
r-833
r-1107
r-470
r-471
r-1149
r-1679
r-33
r-847
r-845
1164
1165
1166
1167
r-1905
r-366
r-367
r-1967
1168 r-1148
1169 r-1636
1170 r-1086
1171 r-1847
1172 r-1812
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
r-174
r-176
r-177
r-175
r-1912
r-963
r-1122
r-956
r-1643
r-2219
r-1767
1184
1185
1186
1187
r-1494
r-1497
r-1498
r-1496
1188 r-1499
1189 r-55
ไบ‰ใ†
ๆต„
ไบ‹
ๅ”
็ณ–
ๅบท
้€ฎ
ไผŠ
ๅ›
็พค
็พคใ‚Œ
็พคใ‚Œใ‚‹
่€ใˆใ‚‹
้œ€
ๅ„’
็ซฏ
็ซฏ
็ซฏ
ไธก
ๆบ€ใŸใ™
ๆบ€ใกใ‚‹
็”ป
ๆญฏ
ๆ›ฒใŒใ‚‹
ๆ›ฒใ’ใ‚‹
ๆ›น
้ญใ†
ๆผ•ใ
ๆงฝ
ๆ–—
ๆ–™
็ง‘
ๅ›ณใ‚‹
็”จใ„ใ‚‹
ๅบธ
ๅ‚™ใˆใ‚‹
ๅ‚™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ˜”
้Œฏ
ๅ€Ÿใ‚Šใ‚‹
ๆƒœใ—ใ‚€
ๆƒœใ—ใ„
ๆŽช
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ™
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ•ฃใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใใ†
ใ“ใจ
ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใใฟ
ใ‚€ใ‚‰
ใ‚€ใ‚Œ
ใ‚€ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใฏใ—
ใฏ
ใฏใŸ
ใฟใŸใ™
ใฟใกใ‚‹
ใฏ
ใพใŒใ‚‹
ใพใ’ใ‚‹
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
r-627
r-2217
r-1963
r-1140
r-468
r-469
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
r-1926
r-197
r-199
r-198
r-1681
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
r-2179
r-166
r-169
r-168
r-167
r-1041
r-1791
1208 r-2000
1209 r-775
ใ‹ใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŠใ—ใ‚€
ใŠใ—ใ„
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
ใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ™
ใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใกใ‚‰ใ™
1227 r-1243
1228 r-1244
1229 r-1750
ใ‚ใ†
ใ“ใ
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใกใ„ใ‚‹
ใใชใˆใ‚‹
ใใชใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‹ใ—
r-774
r-772
r-1943
r-1237
r-34
r-1157
r-628
r-6
r-1628
r-1085
r-2126
r-294
r-1138
r-9
r-190
r-1242
r-1007
ๆ•ฃใ‚‹
ๅปฟ
ๅบถ
้ฎใ‚‹
ๅธญ
ๅบฆ
ๆธกใ™
ๆธกใ‚‹
ๅฅ”
ๅ™ดใ
ๅขณ
ๆ†คใ‚‹
็„ผใ
็„ผใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆš
ๅŠใฐ
ไผดใ†
็•”
ๅˆค
ๅˆธ
ๅทป
ๅทปใ
ๅœ
ๅ‹ใค
ๅ‹ใ‚‹
่—ค
่ฌ„
็‰‡
็‰ˆ
ไน‹
ไนใ—ใ„
่Š
ไธ
ๅฆ
ๆฏ
็Ÿข
็Ÿฏใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ—
็Ÿฅใ‚‹
ๆ™บ
็Ÿ›
ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ๅ‹™ใ‚ใ‚‹
้œง
็ญ
| 385
ใกใ‚‹
ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†
ใ•ใˆใŽใ‚‹
ใŸใณ
ใ‚ใŸใ™
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹
ใตใ
ใ„ใใฉใŠใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ
ใ‚„ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใคใ
ใชใ‹ใฐ
ใจใ‚‚ใชใ†
ใพใ
ใพใ
ใ‹ใค
ใพใ•ใ‚‹
ใตใ˜
ใ‹ใŸ
ใจใผใ—ใ„
ใ—ใฐ
ใ„ใช
ใ•ใ‹ใšใ
ใ‚„
ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‹
ใปใ“
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„
ใคใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚Š
386 | index v: cross-reference list
1230 r-1772
1231 r-2053
1232 r-1806
1233 r-1874
1234 r-2243
1235 r-952
1236 r-1782
1237 r-2015
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
r-1643
r-1116
r-544
r-121
r-948
r-1892
r-1977
r-1676
1246 r-27
1247 r-1028
1248
1249
1250
1251
r-1620
r-506
r-507
r-1146
1252 r-1546
1253 r-869
1254 r-871
1255 r-1994
1256 r-936
1257 r-1361
ๅธฐใ™
ๅธฐใ‚‹
ๅผ“
ๅผ•ใ
ๅผ•ใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅผ”ใ†
ๅผ˜
ๅผทใ„
ๅผทใพใ‚‹
ๅผทใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅผทใ„ใ‚‹
ๅผฑใ„
ๅผฑใพใ‚‹
ๅผฑใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅผฑใ‚‹
ๆฒธใ‹ใ™
ๆฒธใ
่ฒปใ‚„ใ™
็ฌฌ
ๅผŸ
ๅทงใฟ
ๅท
ๆœฝใกใ‚‹
่ช‡ใ‚‹
ๆฑšใ„
ๆฑšใ™
ๆฑšใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆฑšใ™
ๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆฑšใ‚Œใ‚‹
ไธŽใˆใ‚‹
ๅ†™ใ™
ๅ†™ใ‚‹
่บซ
ๅฐ„ใ‚‹
่ฌใ‚‹
่€ใ„ใ‚‹
่€ใ‘ใ‚‹
่€ƒใˆใ‚‹
ๅญ
ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ‹ท
่€…
็…ฎใ‚„ใ™
็…ฎใ‚‹
ใ‹ใˆใ™
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใฟ
ใฒใ
ใฒใ‘ใ‚‹
ใจใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ†
ใคใ‚ˆใ„
ใคใ‚ˆใพใ‚‹
ใคใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ„
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใ
ใคใ„ใ‚„ใ™
ใŠใจใ†ใจ
ใŸใใฟ
ใใกใ‚‹
ใปใ“ใ‚‹
ใใŸใชใ„
ใ‘ใŒใ™
1258 r-1365
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
r-1362
r-1363
r-1364
r-1366
r-629
r-1369
r-290
r-291
1267 r-292
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
r-1642
r-1819
r-1982
r-127
r-129
r-128
r-1108
r-671
1276
1277
1278
1279
r-673
r-676
r-672
r-336
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
r-337
r-226
r-448
r-449
r-1169
ใ‘ใŒใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ˆใ”ใ™
ใ‚ˆใ”ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‘ใŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ™
ใ†ใคใ‚‹
ใฟ
ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใ„ใ‚‹
ใตใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใ—ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใซใ‚„ใ™
ใซใ‚‹
1285 r-2076
1286 r-1261
1287 r-2175
1288 r-422
็…ฎใˆใ‚‹
่‘—ใ—ใ„
่‘—ใ™
็ฝฒ
ๆš‘ใ„
่ซธ
็Œช
ๆธš
่ณญใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅณก
็‹ญใพใ‚‹
็‹ญใ‚ใ‚‹
็‹ญใ„
ๆŒŸใพใ‚‹
ๆŒŸใ‚€
่ฟฝใ†
ๅธซ
ๅธฅ
ๅฎ˜
ๆฃบ
็ฎก
็ˆถ
ไบคใ–ใ‚‹
ไบคใˆใ‚‹
ไบคใ˜ใ‚‹
ไบคใ‚ใ‚‹
ไบคใ‚ใ™
ไบคใ†
ๅŠนใ
่ผƒ
ๆ ก
่ถณใ‚‹
่ถณใ™
่ถณใ‚Šใ‚‹
่ถณ
ไฟƒใ™
่ท
่ทฏ
้œฒ
่ทณใญใ‚‹
่ทณใถ
่บใ‚‹
่ทต
่ธใพใˆใ‚‹
่ธใ‚€
้ชจ
ใซใˆใ‚‹
ใ„ใกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ—ใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใคใ„
ใ„ใฎใ—ใ—
ใชใŽใ•
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ›ใฐใพใ‚‹
ใ›ใฐใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ›ใพใ„
ใฏใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใฏใ•ใ‚€
ใŠใ†
ใฒใคใŽ
ใใ 
ใกใก
ใพใ–ใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใˆใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใ‚‹
ใพใ˜ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ™
ใ‹ใ†
ใใ
ใŸใ‚‹
ใŸใ™
ใŸใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ—
ใ†ใชใŒใ™
ใ˜
ใคใ‚†
ใฏใญใ‚‹
ใจใถ
ใŠใฉใ‚‹
ใตใพใˆใ‚‹
ใตใ‚€
ใปใญ
index v: cross-reference list
1289 r-423
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
r-401
r-217
r-216
r-215
r-1238
r-2235
r-533
r-256
r-400
r-164
r-1150
r-1330
r-1309
r-72
r-1158
r-1978
r-1773
r-2009
r-1792
1309 r-379
1310 r-1857
1311 r-1980
1312 r-1984
1313 r-2213
1314 r-2031
1315 r-2068
1316 r-1805
1317 r-556
1318
1319
1320
1321
r-1988
r-1675
r-940
r-2065
ๆป‘ใ‚‹
ๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹
้ซ„
็ฆ
ๆธฆ
้Žใก
้Žใค
้ŽใŽใ‚‹
้Žใ”ใ™
้˜ช
้˜ฟ
้š›
้šœใ‚‹
้š
้™ช
้™ฝ
้™ณ
้˜ฒใ
้™„
้™ข
้™ฃ
้šŠ
ๅขœ
้™ใ‚‹
้™ใ‚Šใ‚‹
้™ใ‚ใ™
้šŽ
้™›
้šฃ
้šฃใ‚‹
้š”ใŸใ‚‹
้š”ใฆใ‚‹
้š ใ™
้š ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ •
้™ฅใ‚‹
้™ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ฉด
็ฉบ
็ฉบใ‘ใ‚‹
็ฉบใ
็ฉบ
ๆŽงใˆใ‚‹
็ชใ
็ฉถใ‚ใ‚‹
็ช’
ใ™ในใ‚‹
ใชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ†ใš
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใก
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใค
ใ™ใŽใ‚‹
ใ™ใ”ใ™
ใ•ใ‹
ใใ‚
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใตใ›ใ
ใตใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚Šใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚ใ™
ใจใชใ‚Š
ใจใชใ‚‹
ใธใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใธใ ใฆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใใ™
ใ‹ใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใกใ„ใ‚‹
ใŠใจใ—ใ„ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ‚ใช
ใใ‚‰
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ
ใ‹ใ‚‰
ใฒใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
r-505
r-630
r-694
r-1453
r-2049
1327 r-1765
1328 r-1796
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
r-2127
r-2025
r-1773
r-1822
r-2174
r-934
r-487
r-493
1337
1338
1339
1340
r-1308
r-369
r-503
r-463
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
r-1630
r-1953
r-1044
r-966
r-1755
1346 r-383
1347 r-919
1348 r-675
1349 r-1030
1350 r-1355
1351 r-880
1352 r-1053
็ชƒ
็ชช
ๆพใ‚‹
็ชฏ
็ชฎใ‚ใ‚‹
็ชฎใพใ‚‹
ๆŽขใ™
ๆŽขใ‚‹
ๆทฑใ„
ๆทฑใพใ‚‹
ๆทฑใ‚ใ‚‹
ไธ˜
ๅฒณ
ๅ…ต
ๆตœ
็ณธ
็น”ใ‚‹
็น•ใ†
็ธฎใพใ‚‹
็ธฎใ‚€
็ธฎใ‚ใ‚‹
็ธฎใ‚‰ใ™
็ธฎใ‚Œใ‚‹
็น
็ธฆ
็ทš
็ท ใพใ‚‹
็ท ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ถญ
็พ…
็ทดใ‚‹
็ท’
็ถšใ
็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹
็ตต
็ตฑในใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚‹
็ตžใ‚ใ‚‹
็ตฆ
็ตกใพใ‚‹
็ตกใ‚€
็ตใ†
็ตใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
็ตใถ
็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
| 387
ใใผ
ใ—ใผใ‚‹
ใ‹ใพ
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใ•ใŒใ™
ใ•ใใ‚‹
ใตใ‹ใ„
ใตใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใตใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‹
ใŸใ‘
ใฏใพ
ใ„ใจ
ใŠใ‚‹
ใคใใ‚ใ†
ใกใขใพใ‚‹
ใกใขใ‚€
ใกใขใ‚ใ‚‹
ใกใขใ‚‰ใ™
ใกใขใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใฆ
ใ—ใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใญใ‚‹
ใŠ
ใคใฅใ
ใคใฅใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ™ในใ‚‹
ใ—ใผใ‚‹
ใ—ใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใพใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ‚†ใ†
ใ‚†ใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ™ใถ
ใŠใ‚ใ‚‹
388 | index v: cross-reference list
1353 r-187
1354 r-1229
1355 r-118
1356 r-1612
1357 r-1310
1358 r-1247
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
r-681
r-720
r-147
r-1068
r-1770
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
r-1677
r-1670
r-306
r-1871
r-1802
r-631
r-1592
r-297
r-1916
r-1186
r-877
r-522
r-1382
r-1848
r-1637
r-981
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
r-2077
r-29
r-301
r-528
r-326
r-327
r-529
r-1983
็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹
็ดš
็ด€
็ด…
็ด…
็ดใพใ‚‹
็ดใ‚ใ‚‹
็ดกใ
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ™
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
็ด›ใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ดน
็ตŒใ‚‹
็ดณ
็ด„
็ดฐใ‹
็ดฐใ‹ใ„
็ดฐใ„
็ดฐใ‚‹
็ดฏ
็ดข
็ท
็ถฟ
็ตน
็นฐใ‚‹
็ถ™ใ
็ท‘
็ธ
็ถฒ
็ทŠ
็ดซ
็ธ›ใ‚‹
็ธ„
ๅนผใ„
ๅพŒ
ๅพŒใ‚
ๅพŒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅนฝ
ๅนพ
ๆฉŸ
็Ž„
็•œ
่“„ใˆใ‚‹
ๅผฆ
ๆ“
ใŠใˆใ‚‹
ในใซ
ใใ‚Œใชใ„
ใŠใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ‚€ใ
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ™
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใพใŽใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใพใŽใ‚Œใ‚‹
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
r-211
r-209
r-210
r-872
r-873
1393 r-874
1394 r-409
1395 r-428
1396 r-429
1397 r-632
ใ“ใพใ‹
ใ“ใพใ‹ใ„
ใปใใ„
ใปใใ‚‹
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
r-943
r-1076
r-982
r-685
r-687
r-689
r-686
ใ‚ใŸ
ใใฌ
ใใ‚‹
ใคใ
ใฟใฉใ‚Š
ใตใก
ใ‚ใฟ
1405
1406
1407
1408
r-690
r-688
r-1790
r-920
ใธใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ•ใ
ใ—ใฐใ‚‹
ใชใ‚
ใŠใ•ใชใ„
ใฎใกใƒปใ‚ใจ
ใ†ใ—ใ‚
ใŠใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ„ใ
ใฏใŸ
ใŸใใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‹
1409 r-922
1410 r-815
1411 r-816
1412 r-817
1413
1414
1415
1416
r-1600
r-1615
r-1932
r-1154
1417 r-782
1418 r-783
ๆป‹
ๆ…ˆใ—ใ‚€
็ฃ
็ณป
ไฟ‚
ไฟ‚ใ‚‹
ๅญซ
ๆ‡ธใ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ‡ธใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅด
่„š
ๅธ
ๅธใ™
ๅพก
ๆœ
ๅ‘ฝ
ไปค
้›ถ
้ฝข
ๅ†ทใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅ†ทใพใ™
ๅ†ทใŸใ„
ๅ†ทใ‚„
ๅ†ทใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ๅ†ทใ‚„ใ™
ๅ†ทใˆใ‚‹
้ ˜
้ˆด
ๅ‹‡ใ‚€
้€šใ™
้€šใ‚‹
้€šใ†
่ธŠใ‚Š
่ธŠใ‚‹
็–‘ใ†
ๆ“ฌ
ๅ‡ใ‚‰ใ™
ๅ‡ใ‚‹
็ฏ„
็Šฏใ™
ๅŽ„
ๅฑใถใ‚€
ๅฑใชใ„
ๅฑใ†ใ„
ๅฎ›ใฆใ‚‹
่…•
ใ„ใคใใ—ใ‚€
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Š
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใพใ”
ใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ—
ใŠใ‚ใ—
ใŠใ‚ใ™
ใŠใ‚“
ใ„ใฎใก
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ•ใพใ™
ใคใ‚ใŸใ„
ใฒใ‚„
ใฒใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
ใฒใ‚„ใ™
ใฒใˆใ‚‹
ใ™ใš
ใ„ใ•ใ‚€
ใจใŠใ™
ใจใŠใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ˆใ†
ใŠใฉใ‚Š
ใŠใฉใ‚‹
ใ†ใŸใŒใ†
ใ“ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ“ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚„ใถใ‚€
ใ‚ใถใชใ„
ใ‚ใ‚„ใ†ใ„
ใ‚ใฆใ‚‹
ใ†ใง
index v: cross-reference list
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
r-780
r-781
r-1890
r-1915
r-17
1424 r-1137
1425 r-1731
1426 r-1598
1427 r-633
1428 r-1661
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
r-1925
r-870
r-927
r-259
r-1357
r-693
r-888
r-1232
r-1788
r-1937
r-1720
1440 r-1153
1441 r-1081
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
r-1448
r-1446
r-1872
r-1859
r-1613
r-634
r-1846
r-978
r-437
r-670
r-1121
1453 r-748
1454 r-751
่‹‘
ๆ€จ
ๆŸณ
ๅต
็•™ใพใ‚‹
็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ฒฟ
ๅฐ
่ˆˆใ™
่ˆˆใ‚‹
้…‰
้…’
้…’
้…Œใ‚€
้…ต
้…ท
้…ฌ
้…ช
้…ข
้…”ใ†
้…ใ‚‹
้…ธใ„
็Œถ
ๅฐŠใ„
ๅฐŠใถ
ๅฐŠใ„
ๅฐŠใถ
่ฑ†
้ ญ
้ ญ
็Ÿญใ„
่ฑŠใ‹
้ผ“
ๅ–œใถ
ๆจน
็šฟ
่ก€
็›†
็›Ÿ
็›—ใ‚€
ๆธฉใ‹
ๆธฉใ‹ใ„
ๆธฉใพใ‚‹
ๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹
็›ฃ
ๆฟซ
ใใฎ
ใ‚„ใชใŽ
ใŸใพใ”
ใจใพใ‚‹
ใจใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚‹ใ—
ใŠใ“ใ™
ใŠใ“ใ‚‹
ใจใ‚Š
ใ•ใ‘
ใ•ใ‹
ใใ‚€
ใ™
ใ‚ˆใ†
ใใฐใ‚‹
ใ™ใ„
ใŸใฃใจใ„
ใŸใฃใจใถ
ใจใ†ใจใ„
ใจใ†ใจใถ
ใพใ‚
ใ‚ใŸใพ
ใ‹ใ—ใ‚‰
ใฟใ˜ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚†ใŸใ‹
ใคใฅใฟ
ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ“ใถ
ใ•ใ‚‰
ใก
ใฌใ™ใ‚€
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใŸใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
1455 r-750
1456 r-1730
1457 r-1175
1458 r-1639
1459 r-974
1460 r-1397
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
r-1396
r-1900
r-2218
r-1694
r-1401
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
r-1398
r-1399
r-46
r-890
r-891
r-635
r-1040
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
r-943
r-1841
r-531
r-339
r-1949
r-130
r-1452
r-100
1481
1482
1483
1484
r-811
r-809
r-810
r-1570
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
r-1866
r-636
r-1626
r-637
r-820
r-866
r-867
้‘‘
็Œ›
็››ใ‚‹
็››ใ‚‹
็››ใ‚“
ๅกฉ
้Š€
ๆจใ‚€
ๆจใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๆ น
ๅณ
็ˆต
็ฏ€
้€€ใ
้€€ใ‘ใ‚‹
้™ใ‚‹
็œผ
่‰ฏใ„
ๆœ—ใ‚‰ใ‹
ๆตช
ๅจ˜
้ฃŸในใ‚‹
้ฃŸใ†
้ฃŸใ‚‰ใ†
้ฃฏ
้ฃฒใ‚€
้ฃขใˆใ‚‹
้ค“
้ฃพใ‚‹
้คจ
้คŠใ†
้ฃฝใ‹ใ™
้ฃฝใใ‚‹
ๆ—ขใซ
ๆฆ‚
ๆ…จ
ๅนณใ‚‰
ๅนณ
ๅนณ
ๅ‘ผใถ
ๅช
่ฉ•
ๅˆˆใ‚‹
ๅธŒ
ๅ‡ถ
่ƒธ
| 389
ใ‚‚ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚“
ใ—ใŠ
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ†ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใญ
ใตใ—
ใ—ใ‚Šใžใ
ใ—ใ‚Šใžใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŽใ‚‹
ใพใชใ“
ใ‚ˆใ„
ใปใŒใ‚‰ใ‹
ใ‚€ใ™ใ‚
ใŸในใ‚‹
ใใ†
ใใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‚ใ—
ใฎใ‚€
ใ†ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ–ใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใ—ใชใ†
ใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใ‚ใใ‚‹
ใ™ใงใซ
ใŸใ„ใ‚‰
ใŸใ„ใ‚‰
ใฒใ‚‰
ใ‚ˆใถ
ใคใผ
ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใญ
390 | index v: cross-reference list
1492 r-868
1493 r-1609
1494 r-1991
1495 r-2071
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
r-1909
r-988
r-638
r-2088
r-851
r-853
r-248
1503 r-249
1504 r-252
1505 r-1696
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
r-1745
r-991
r-1992
r-2014
r-1552
r-348
1512 r-349
1513 r-568
1514 r-2140
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
r-1610
r-560
r-639
r-1946
r-640
r-1537
r-1538
r-1535
r-1536
r-376
r-377
่ƒธ
้›ขใ™
้›ขใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆฎบใ™
็ด”
้ˆใ„
้ˆใ‚‹
่พ›ใ„
่พžใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆข“
ๅฎฐ
ๅฃ
้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ–ฐ
ๆ–ฐใŸ
ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„
่–ช
่ฆช
่ฆชใ—ใ„
่ฆชใ—ใ‚€
ๅนธ
ๅนธใ›
ๅนธใ„
ๅŸทใ‚‹
ๅ ฑใ„ใ‚‹
ๅซใถ
็ณพ
ๅŽใพใ‚‹
ๅ‘ใ—ใ„
ๅ‘ใ—ใ‚€
ๅ‘ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ข‘
้™ธ
็ฆใถ
็ฆใพใ˜ใ„
ๅ‹ขใ„
็†ฑ
่ฑ
้™ต
ไบฅ
ๆ ธ
ๅˆปใ‚€
่ฉฒ
ๅŠพ
่ฟฐในใ‚‹
่ก“
ใ‚€ใช
ใฏใชใ™
ใฏใชใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚ใ™
ใซใถใ„
ใซใถใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ„
ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใ•
ใ‹ใน
ใ•ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใซใ„
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใŸ
ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใŸใใŽ
ใŠใ‚„
ใ—ใŸใ—ใ„
ใ—ใŸใ—ใ‚€
ใ•ใก
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚ใ›
ใ•ใ„ใ‚ใ„
ใจใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใใ„ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‘ใถ
ใŠใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚€
ใ„ใ‚„ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใคใถ
ใ‚€ใคใพใ˜ใ„
ใ„ใใŠใ„
ใฒใ—
ใฟใ•ใ•ใŽ
ใ„ใฎใ—ใ—
ใใ–ใ‚€
ใฎในใ‚‹
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
r-1734
r-104
r-102
r-103
r-101
r-1126
r-1762
r-1786
r-78
ๅฏ’ใ„
้†ธใ™
่ญฒใ‚‹
ๅฃŒ
ๅฌข
ๆฏ’
็ด 
้บฆ
้’
้’ใ„
1535 r-79
็ฒพ
1536 r-83
่ซ‹ใ†
่ซ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
1537 r-84
ๆƒ…ใ‘
1538 r-81
ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ™
ๆ™ดใ‚Œใ‚‹
1539 r-80
ๆธ…ใ„
ๆธ…ใพใ‚‹
ๆธ…ใ‚ใ‚‹
1540 r-82
้™
้™ใ‹
้™ใพใ‚‹
้™ใ‚ใ‚‹
1541 r-764 ่ฒฌใ‚ใ‚‹
1542 r-766 ็ธพ
1543 r-765 ็ฉใ‚€
1544 r-767 ๅ‚ต
1545 r-641 ๆผฌใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆผฌใ‹ใ‚‹
1546 r-356 ่กจ
่กจใ™
่กจใ‚Œใ‚‹
1547 r-357
ไฟต
1548 r-1799 ๆฝ”ใ„
1549 r-1652 ๅฅ‘ใ‚‹
1550 r-1017 ๅ–ซ
1551 r-883 ๅฎณ
1552 r-882 ่ฝ„
1553 r-881 ๅ‰ฒใ
ๅ‰ฒ
ๅ‰ฒใ‚‹
ๅ‰ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
1554 r-1547 ๆ†ฒ
1555 r-704 ็”Ÿ
็”Ÿใ‚„ใ™
็”Ÿ
ใ•ใ‚€ใ„
ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ™
ใ‚†ใšใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใŽ
ใ‚ใŠ
ใ‚ใŠใ„
ใ“ใ†
ใ†ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใชใ•ใ‘
ใฏใ‚‰ใ™
ใฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใใ‚ˆใ„
ใใ‚ˆใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใš
ใ—ใšใ‹
ใ—ใšใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใšใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ›ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใคใ‚€
ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚‚ใฆ
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŸใ‚ใ‚‰
ใ„ใ•ใŽใ‚ˆใ„
ใกใŽใ‚‹
ใ•ใ
ใ‚ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ
ใฏใ‚„ใ™
ใชใพ
index v: cross-reference list
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
r-706
r-707
r-705
r-708
r-709
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
r-2176
r-353
r-352
r-1142
r-1859
r-2073
r-1495
r-1794
r-642
r-1818
r-1990
r-1629
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
r-797
r-798
r-799
r-413
r-412
r-993
r-1832
1580 r-1673
1581 r-1151
1582 r-736
1583 r-737
1584 r-738
1585 r-362
1586 r-363
1587 r-1018
็”Ÿใ‹ใ™
็”Ÿใใ‚‹
็”Ÿใ‘ใ‚‹
็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”Ÿใ‚€
็”Ÿใ†
็”Ÿใˆใ‚‹
ๆ˜Ÿ
ๅง“
ๆ€ง
็‰ฒ
็”ฃ
็”ฃใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
็”ฃใ‚€
้š†
ๅณฐ
็ธซใ†
ๆ‹ใ‚€
ๅฏฟ
้‹ณใ‚‹
็ฑ
ๆ˜ฅ
ๆคฟ
ๆณฐ
ๅฅใงใ‚‹
ๅฎŸ
ๅฎŸใ‚‹
ๅฅ‰ใ‚‹
ไฟธ
ๆฃ’
่ฌนใ‚€
ๅ‹คใพใ‚‹
ๆผข
ๅ˜†ใ‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ๅ˜†ใ
้›ฃใ—ใ„
้›ฃใ„
่ฏ
ๅž‚ใ‚‰ใ™
ๅž‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ก
้Œ˜
ไน—ใ›ใ‚‹
ไน—ใ‚‹
ๅ‰ฐ
ไปŠ
ใ„ใ‹ใ™
ใ„ใใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ†ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚€
ใŠใ†
ใฏใˆใ‚‹
ใปใ—
1588 r-2075 ๅซใ‚€
1589
1590
1591
1592
r-2195
r-1114
r-2151
r-1931
1593 r-1133
1594 r-1508
1595 r-1507
ใ†ใถ
ใ†ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚€
1596 r-954
1597 r-1199
1598 r-1201
ใฟใญ
ใฌใ†
ใŠใŒใ‚€
ใ“ใจใถใ
ใ„ใ‚‹
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
ใฏใ‚‹
ใคใฐใ
ใ‹ใชใงใ‚‹
ใฟ
ใฟใฎใ‚‹
ใŸใฆใพใคใ‚‹
r-1203
r-1200
r-1202
r-1047
r-1665
r-476
r-477
r-206
r-207
r-208
r-643
r-2050
r-713
1612 r-1016
ใคใคใ—ใ‚€
ใคใจใพใ‚‹
ใชใ’ใ‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใชใ’ใ
ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
ใ‹ใŸใ„
ใฏใช
ใŸใ‚‰ใ™
ใŸใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใคใ‚€
ใฎใ›ใ‚‹
ใฎใ‚‹
ใ„ใพ
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
r-1842
r-644
r-1939
r-1051
r-1037
1618 r-1390
1619 r-317
1620 r-396
1621 r-397
1622 r-1594
ๅซใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅŸ
ๅฟต
็ด
้™ฐ
้™ฐใ‚‹
ไบˆ
ๅบ
้ ใ‹ใ‚‹
้ ใ‘ใ‚‹
้‡Ž
ๅ…ผใญใ‚‹
ๅซŒ
ๅซŒใ†
้ŽŒ
่ฌ™
ๅป‰
่ฅฟ
ไพก
่ฆใ‚‹
่…ฐ
็ฅจ
ๆผ‚ใ†
ๆจ™
ๆ —
้ท
่ฆ†ใ™
่ฆ†ใ‚‹
็…™ใ„
็…™
็…™ใ‚‹
ๅ—
ๆฅ 
็Œฎ
้–€
ๅ•ใ„
ๅ•ใ†
ๅ•
้–ฒ
้–ฅ
้–“
้–“
็ฐก
้–‹ใ
้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
| 391
ใตใใ‚€
ใตใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใจ
ใ‹ใ’
ใ‹ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใ‘ใ‚‹
ใฎ
ใ‹ใญใ‚‹
ใ„ใ‚„
ใใ‚‰ใ†
ใ‹ใพ
ใซใ—
ใ‚ใŸใ„
ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ—
ใŸใ ใ‚ˆใ†
ใใ‚Š
ใใคใŒใˆใ™
ใใคใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ„
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ‚Š
ใ‘ใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใฟใชใฟ
ใใ™ใฎใ
ใ‹ใฉ
ใจใ„
ใจใ†
ใจใ‚“
ใ‚ใ„ใ 
ใพ
ใ‚ใ
ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹
392 | index v: cross-reference list
1623 r-1519
1624 r-1353
1625 r-2146
1626 r-1009
1627 r-2003
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
r-1935
r-1443
r-472
r-473
r-983
r-1426
r-1428
r-1430
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
r-983
r-1427
r-1431
r-416
r-417
r-1602
1642 r-1810
1643 r-1222
1644 r-1221
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
r-1223
r-1224
r-1225
r-1270
r-1273
r-1271
r-1272
r-1090
r-1147
r-1060
r-645
r-30
r-1515
้–‹ใ
้–‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
้–‰ใพใ‚‹
้–‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
้–‰ใ–ใ™
้–‰ใ˜ใ‚‹
้–ฃ
้–‘
่žใ
่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ๆฝคใ†
ๆฝคใ™
ๆฝคใ‚€
ๆฌ„
้—˜ใ†
ๅ€‰
ๅ‰ต
้ž
ไฟณ
ๆŽ’
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„
ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ‚€
็ฝช
่ผฉ
ๆ‰‰
ไพฏ
ๅ€™
ๆฑบใพใ‚‹
ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฟซใ„
ๅ‰ใ„
้•ใ†
้•ใˆใ‚‹
็ทฏ
่ก›
้Ÿ“
ๅนฒใ™
่‚
ๅˆŠ
ๆฑ—
่ป’
ๅฒธ
ๅนน
่Š‹
ๅฎ‡
ไฝ™ใ™
ใฒใ‚‰ใ
ใฒใ‚‰ใ‚‹
ใ—ใพใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใจใ–ใ™
ใจใ˜ใ‚‹
ใใ
ใใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‹ใŠใ†
ใ†ใ‚‹ใŠใ™
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ‚€
ใŸใŸใ‹ใ†
ใใ‚‰
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
r-1027
r-1512
r-1511
r-1514
r-2066
r-1513
r-1068
r-1480
1666 r-646
1667 r-1478
1668 r-1479
1669 r-1023
1670 r-1206
ใ‹ใชใ—ใ„
ใ‹ใชใ—ใ‚€
ใคใฟ
ใจใณใ‚‰
ใใ†ใ‚ใ†
ใใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ“ใ“ใ‚ใ‚ˆใ„
ใˆใ‚‰ใ„
ใกใŒใ†
ใกใŒใˆใ‚‹
ใปใ™
ใใ‚‚
ใ‚ใ›
ใฎใ
ใใ—
ใฟใ
ใ„ใ‚‚
ใ‚ใพใ™
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
r-135
r-133
r-134
r-131
r-1625
1676 r-332
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
r-426
r-333
r-1658
r-1633
r-427
r-274
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
r-189
r-1442
r-1209
r-1923
r-238
r-1421
1689 r-2063
1690 r-921
ไฝ™ใ‚‹
้™คใ
ๅพ
ๅ™
้€”
ๆ–œใ‚
ๅก—ใ‚‹
ๆŸ
้ ผใ‚‹
้ ผใ‚€
้ ผใ‚‚ใ—ใ„
็€ฌ
ๅ‹…
็–Žใ„
็–Žใ‚€
้€Ÿใ‚ใ‚‹
้€Ÿใ‚„ใ‹
้€Ÿใ„
ๆ•ดใ†
ๆ•ดใˆใ‚‹
ๅ‰ฃ
้™บใ—ใ„
ๆคœ
ๅ€น
้‡ใ„
้‡ใชใ‚‹
้‡ใญใ‚‹
้‡
ๅ‹•ใ‹ใ™
ๅ‹•ใ
ๅ‹ฒ
ๅƒใ
็จฎ
่ก
่–ซใ‚‹
็—…
็—…ใ‚€
็—ด
็—˜
็—‡
็–พ
็—ข
็–ฒใ‚‰ใ™
็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹
็–ซ
็—›ใ„
ใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใฎใžใ
ใชใชใ‚
ใฌใ‚‹
ใŸใฐ
ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚‹
ใŸใฎใ‚€
ใŸใฎใ‚‚ใ—ใ„
ใ›
ใ†ใจใ„
ใ†ใจใ‚€
ใฏใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ™ใฟใ‚„ใ‹
ใฏใ‚„ใ„
ใจใจใฎใ†
ใจใจใฎใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‹ใŽ
ใ‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใŠใ‚‚ใ„
ใ‹ใ•ใชใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ•ใญใ‚‹
ใˆ
ใ†ใ”ใ‹ใ™
ใ†ใ”ใ
ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใ
ใŸใญ
ใ‹ใŠใ‚‹
ใ‚„ใพใ„
ใ‚„ใ‚€
ใคใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใคใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ„ใŸใ„
index v: cross-reference list
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
r-852
r-2190
r-1819
r-935
r-2171
r-1470
r-1474
r-1473
r-1472
r-1910
r-1777
1702 r-1716
1703 r-1444
1704 r-1447
1705 r-1543
1706 r-1554
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
r-239
r-240
r-241
r-1532
r-1032
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
r-1595
r-647
r-244
r-255
r-648
r-1804
r-35
r-1966
1720 r-498
1721 r-499
1722 r-1768
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
r-1940
r-1656
r-860
r-862
r-861
r-649
็—›ใ‚€
็—›ใ‚ใ‚‹
็™–
ๅŒฟ
ๅŒ 
ๅŒป
ๅŒน
ๅŒบ
ๆžข
ๆฎดใ‚‹
ๆฌง
ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹
ไปฐใ›
ไปฐใ
่ฟŽใˆใ‚‹
็™ปใ‚‹
ๆพ„ใพใ™
ๆพ„ใ‚€
็™บ
ๅปƒใ‚‹
ๅปƒใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅƒš
ๅฏฎ
็™‚
ๅฝซใ‚‹
ๅฝข
ๅฝข
ๅฝฑ
ๆ‰
ๅฝฉใ‚‹
ๅฝฐ
ๅฝฆ
้ก”
้ ˆ
่†จใ‚‰ใ‚€
่†จใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๅ‚ใ‚‹
ๆƒจใ‚
ไฟฎใพใ‚‹
ไฟฎใ‚ใ‚‹
็ใ—ใ„
่จบใ‚‹
ๆ–‡
ๅฏพ
็ด‹
่šŠ
ใ„ใŸใ‚€
ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ›
ใฒใ
ใชใใ‚‹
1729 r-1541
1730 r-1542
1731 r-1539
1732
1733
1734
1735
r-1540
r-2085
r-1891
r-1022
1736 r-1078
1737 r-525
1738 r-1975
ใŠใ•ใˆใ‚‹
ใŠใŠใ›
ใ‚ใŠใ
ใ‚€ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใฎใผใ‚‹
ใ™ใพใ™
ใ™ใ‚€
1739
1740
1741
1742
ใ™ใŸใ‚‹
ใ™ใŸใ‚Œใ‚‹
1743 r-1825
ใปใ‚‹
ใ‹ใŸ
ใ‹ใŸใก
ใ‹ใ’
ใ™ใŽ
ใ„ใ‚ใฉใ‚‹
ใฒใ“
ใ‹ใŠ
ใตใใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใตใใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใพใ„ใ‚‹
ใฟใ˜ใ‚
ใŠใ•ใพใ‚‹
ใŠใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใšใ‚‰ใ—ใ„
ใฟใ‚‹
ใตใฟ
ใ‹
r-2242
r-829
r-827
r-828
1744 r-2002
1745 r-1073
1746 r-2030
1747 r-2072
1748 r-1712
1749 r-1102
1750 r-402
1751
1752
1753
1754
r-403
r-2083
r-1130
r-1688
1755 r-2185
1756 r-1618
ๆ–‰
ๅ‰ค
ๆธˆใ‚€
ๆธˆใพใ™
ๆ–Ž
็ฒ›
ๅก
ๆฅฝใ—ใ„
ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚€
่–ฌ
็Ž‡ใ„ใ‚‹
ๆธ‹
ๆธ‹ใ„
ๆธ‹ใ‚‹
ๆ‘‚
ๅคฎ
่‹ฑ
ๆ˜ ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ˜ ใ‚‹
ๆ˜ ใ™
่ตค
่ตคใ„
่ตคใ‚‰ใ‚€
่ตคใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ตฆ
ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹
ๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
่ทก
่›ฎ
ๆ‹
ๆ‹ใ—ใ„
ๆ‹ใ†
ๆนพ
้ป„
้ป„
ๆจช
ๆŠŠ
่‰ฒ
็ตถใˆใ‚‹
็ตถใค
็ตถใ‚„ใ™
่‰ถ
่‚ฅ
่‚ฅใˆใ‚‹
่‚ฅใ‚„ใ™
่‚ฅใ‚„ใ—
| 393
ใ™ใ‚€
ใ™ใพใ™
ใŸใฎใ—ใ„
ใŸใฎใ—ใ‚€
ใใ™ใ‚Š
ใฒใใ„ใ‚‹
ใ—ใถ
ใ—ใถใ„
ใ—ใถใ‚‹
ใฏใˆใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ‚‹
ใ†ใคใ™
ใ‚ใ‹
ใ‚ใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใˆใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใจ
ใ“ใ„
ใ“ใ„ใ—ใ„
ใ“ใ†
ใ
ใ“
ใ‚ˆใ“
ใ„ใ‚
ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใค
ใŸใ‚„ใ™
ใคใ‚„
ใ“ใˆ
ใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใ‚„ใ™
ใ“ใ‚„ใ—
394 | index v: cross-reference list
1757 r-1909 ็”˜ใ„
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
r-1895
r-806
r-807
r-808
r-1257
r-1254
r-1253
r-1256
r-1131
r-1255
1768 r-844
1769 r-843
1770 r-843
1771 r-1798
1772 r-1764
1773 r-1560
1774 r-325
1775 r-324
1776 r-148
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
r-151
r-150
r-149
r-152
r-1589
r-1558
1783 r-1828
1784 r-1709
1785 r-1938
1786 r-340
1787 r-341
็”˜ใˆใ‚‹
็”˜ใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
็ดบ
ๆŸ
่ฌ€ใ‚‹
ๅช’
ๆฌบใ
ๆฃ‹
ๆ——
ๆœŸ
็ข
ๅŸบ
ๅŸบ
็”šใ 
็”šใ ใ—ใ„
ๅ‹˜
ๅ ชใˆใ‚‹
่ฒดใ„
่ฒดใถ
่ฒดใ„
้บ
้ฃใ†
้ฃใ‚ใ™
่ˆž
่ˆžใ†
็„กใ„
็ต„
็ต„ใ‚€
็ฒ—ใ„
็งŸ
็ฅ–
้˜ปใ‚€
ๆŸป
ๅŠฉ
ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚‹
ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅฎœ
็•ณ
็•ณใ‚€
ไธฆใณใซ
ไธฆใถ
ไธฆในใ‚‹
ไธฆ
ๆ™ฎ
่ญœ
ใ‚ใพใ„
ใ‚ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใ‚ใพใ‚„ใ‹ใ™
1788 r-1736
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
r-1986
r-743
r-1722
r-1026
r-323
r-322
r-1194
r-1196
ใฏใชใฏใ ใ—ใ„
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
r-1814
r-1754
r-1198
r-1024
r-318
ใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใŸใฃใจใ„
ใŸใฃใจใถ
ใจใ†ใจใ„
1802
1803
1804
1805
r-319
r-1195
r-1052
r-2046
ใคใ‹ใ†
ใคใ‹ใ‚ใ™
ใพใ„
ใพใ†
ใชใ„
ใใฟ
ใใ‚€
ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ„
1806 r-44
1807 r-1131
ใฏใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‚ใ–ใ‚€ใ
ใฏใŸ
ใ‚‚ใจ
ใ‚‚ใจใ„
ใฏใชใฏใ 
ใฏใฐใ‚€
ใ™ใ‘
ใŸใ™ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใŸใ™ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใŸใŸใฟ
ใŸใŸใ‚€
ใชใ‚‰ใณใซ
ใชใ‚‰ใถ
ใชใ‚‰ในใ‚‹
ใชใฟ
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
r-1955
r-1818
r-1704
r-972
r-1824
1813 r-1864
1814 r-1572
1815
1816
1817
1818
r-1684
r-170
r-172
r-171
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
r-173
r-569
r-899
r-900
r-204
r-205
ๆนฟใ™
ๆนฟใ‚‹
้ก•
็นŠ
้œŠ
ๆฅญ
ๆ’ฒ
ๅƒ•
ๅ…ฑ
ไพ›
ไพ›ใˆใ‚‹
็•ฐ
็ฟผ
ๆดช
ๆธฏ
ๆšดใ
ๆšดใ‚Œใ‚‹
็ˆ†
ๆญใ—ใ„
้ธใถ
ๆฎฟ
ๆฎฟ
ไบ•
ๅ›ฒใ†
ๅ›ฒใ‚€
่€•ใ™
ไบœ
ๆ‚ชใ„
ๅ††ใ„
่ง’
่ง’
่งฆใ‚‹
่งฃใ
่งฃใ‹ใ™
่งฃใ‘ใ‚‹
ๅ†ใณ
่ฌ›
่ณผ
ๆง‹ใ†
ๆง‹ใˆใ‚‹
ๆบ
่ซ–
ๅ€ซ
่ผช
ๅใ‚‹
้
ใ—ใ‚ใ™
ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŸใพ
ใ‚ใ–
ใจใ‚‚
ใจใ‚‚
ใใชใˆใ‚‹
ใ“ใจ
ใคใฐใ•
ใฟใชใจ
ใ‚ใฐใ
ใ‚ใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚„ใ†ใ‚„ใ—ใ„
ใˆใ‚‰ใถ
ใจใฎ
ใงใ‚“
ใ„
ใ‹ใ“ใ†
ใ‹ใ“ใ‚€
ใŸใŒใ‚„ใ™
ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„
ใพใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‹ใฉ
ใคใฎ
ใ•ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใจใ
ใจใ‹ใ™
ใจใ‘ใ‚‹
ใตใŸใŸใณ
ใ‹ใพใ†
ใ‹ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใฟใž
ใ‚
ใ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ‚‹
index v: cross-reference list
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
r-203
r-1091
r-988
r-914
r-915
r-916
r-153
1832
1833
1834
1835
r-154
r-155
r-438
r-439
1836 r-64
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
r-63
r-650
r-61
r-62
r-156
r-1913
r-846
r-674
r-13
r-990
r-739
r-1672
r-430
r-431
r-424
r-425
r-374
r-375
r-1560
r-558
r-1749
r-2026
r-1001
r-1880
r-1857
r-2061
r-122
็ทจใ‚€
ๅ†Š
ๅ…ธ
ๆฐ
็ด™
ๅฉš
ไฝŽใ„
ไฝŽใพใ‚‹
ไฝŽใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆŠต
ๅบ•
ๆฐ‘
็œ ใ„
็œ ใ‚‹
ๆ•ใพใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•ใพใ‚‹
ๆ•ใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹
ๆ•ใ‚‹
ๆ•ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ๆตฆ
่’ฒ
่ˆ—
่ฃœใ†
้‚ธ
้ƒญ
้ƒก
้ƒŠ
้ƒจ
้ƒฝ
้ƒต
้‚ฆ
้ƒท
้Ÿฟใ
้ƒŽ
ๅปŠ
็›พ
ๅพช
ๆดพ
่„ˆ
่ก†
้€“
ๆฎต
้›ใˆใ‚‹
ๅŽ
ๅนป
ๅธ
ใ‚ใ‚€
ใ†ใ˜
ใ‹ใฟ
ใฒใใ„
ใฒใใพใ‚‹
ใฒใใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ“
ใŸใฟ
ใญใ‚€ใ„
ใญใ‚€ใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใพใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‹ใพใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‰ใˆใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‹
ใจใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‰
ใŒใพ
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
r-125
r-123
r-124
r-126
r-2185
r-93
r-222
r-800
r-802
r-801
r-823
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
r-749
r-213
r-838
r-837
r-836
r-2174
r-1641
r-1817
r-1320
r-1033
ใŠใŽใชใ†
1885 r-410
1886 r-411
1887 r-1003
1888 r-1727
ใฟใ‚„ใ“
ใฒใณใ
ใŸใฆ
ใใŸใˆใ‚‹
ใพใผใ‚ใ—
1889
1890
1891
1892
r-1903
r-2150
r-2214
r-1098
1893
1894
1895
1896
r-1631
r-113
r-1758
r-1741
1897
1898
1899
1900
r-200
r-201
r-202
r-1964
ไผบใ†
่ฉž
้ฃผใ†
ๅ—ฃ
่ˆŸ
่ˆถ
่ˆช
่ˆฌ
็›ค
ๆฌ
่ˆน
่ˆน
่‰ฆ
่‰‡
็“œ
ๅผง
ๅญค
็นญ
็›Š
ๆš‡
ๆ•ทใ
ๆฅใ™
ๆฅใ‚‹
ๆฐ—
ๆฑฝ
้ฃ›ใฐใ™
้ฃ›ใถ
ๆฒˆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฒˆใ‚€
ๅฆป
่กฐใˆใ‚‹
่กท
้ข
้ข
้ข
้ฉ
้ด
่ฆ‡
ๅฃฐ
ๅฃฐ
ๅ‘‰
ๅจฏ
่ชคใ‚‹
่’ธใ™
่’ธใ‚‰ใ‚‹
่’ธใ‚Œใ‚‹
| 395
ใ†ใ‹ใŒใ†
ใ‹ใ†
ใตใช
ใตใช
ใตใญ
ใ†ใ‚Š
ใพใ‚†
ใฒใพ
ใ—ใ
ใใŸใ™
ใใŸใ‚‹
ใจใฐใ™
ใจใถ
ใ—ใšใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ—ใšใ‚€
ใคใพ
ใŠใจใ‚ใˆใ‚‹
ใคใ‚‰
ใŠใ‚‚
ใŠใ‚‚ใฆ
ใ‹ใ‚
ใใค
ใ“ใˆ
ใ“ใ‚
ใ‚ใ‚„ใพใ‚‹
ใ‚€ใ™
ใ‚€ใ‚‰ใ™
ใ‚€ใ‚Œใ‚‹
396 | index v: cross-reference list
1901 r-1747
1902 r-1823
1903 r-1797
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
r-784
r-785
r-787
r-786
r-1572
r-948
r-1551
r-2055
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
r-2152
r-50
r-804
r-805
r-458
r-459
r-26
r-1941
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
r-65
r-66
r-67
r-68
r-2008
r-1621
r-2059
r-1915
r-1000
r-1057
1930 r-1118
1931 r-1861
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
r-2124
r-1879
r-398
r-399
r-1787
1937 r-1942
1938 r-1056
ๆ‰ฟใ‚‹
ๅ‡ฝ
ๆฅตใพใ‚‹
ๆฅตใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆฅตใฟ
็‰™
่Šฝ
้‚ช
้›…
้‡ˆ
็•ช
ๅฏฉ
็ฟปใ™
็ฟปใ‚‹
่—ฉ
ๆฏ›
่€—
ๅฐพ
ๅฎ…
่จ—
็‚บ
ๅฝใ‚‹
ๅฝ
้•ทใ„
ๅผตใ‚‹
ๅธณ
่„น
้ซช
ๅฑ•
ๅ–ช
ๅทฃ
ๅ˜
*ๆˆฆ
ๆˆฆใ†
็ฆ…
ๅผพใ
ๅผพใ‚€
ๅผพ
ๆกœ
็ฃ
่„ณ
ๆ‚ฉใพใ™
ๅŽณใ—ใ„
ๅŽณใ‹
้Ž–
ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‘ใŸใพใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฏใ“
ใใ‚ใพใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใใ‚ใฟ
ใใฐ
ใ‚
ใฒใ‚‹ใŒใˆใ™
ใฒใ‚‹ใŒใˆใ‚‹
1939 r-1877
1940 r-1728
1941 r-1838
1942 r-1811
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
r-651
r-1929
r-652
r-653
r-405
r-1584
r-1733
ใ‘
ใŠ
1950 r-654
1951 r-1558
1952 r-2062
ใ„ใคใ‚ใ‚‹
ใซใ›
ใชใŒใ„
ใฏใ‚‹
ใ‹ใฟ
ใ‚‚
ใ™
ใ„ใใ•
ใŸใŸใ‹ใ†
ใฒใ
ใฏใšใ‚€
ใŸใพ
ใ•ใใ‚‰
ใ‘ใ‚‚ใฎ
ใชใ‚„ใพใ™
ใใณใ—ใ„
ใŠใ”ใใ‹
ใใ•ใ‚Š
ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
r-1748
r-2048
r-776
r-777
r-779
r-778
r-1701
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
r-2019
r-655
r-795
r-794
r-796
r-1933
r-1919
r-475
1968 r-474
ๆŒ™ใŒใ‚‹
่ช‰ใ‚Œ
่ช‰ใ‚ใ‚‹
็ŒŸ
้ณฅ
้ณดใ
้ณดใ‚‹
้ณดใ‚‰ใ™
้ถด
็ƒ
่”ฆ
้ณฉ
้ถ
ๅณถ
ๆš–ใ‹
ๆš–ใ‹ใ„
ๆš–ใพใ‚‹
ๆš–ใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅช›
ๆด
็ทฉใ„
็ทฉใ‚€
็ทฉใ‚ใ‚‹
ๅฑž
ๅ˜ฑ
ๅถ
้‡
ๆ„šใ‹
้š…
้€†
้€†ใ‚‰ใ†
ๅก‘
ๅฒก
้‹ผ
็ถฑ
ๅ‰›
็ผถ
้™ถ
ๆบใ•ใถใ‚‹
ๆบใ™ใ‚‹
ๆบใ‚‰ใ
ๆบใ‚‹
ๆบใ‚‹ใ
ๆบใ™ใถใ‚‹
ๆบใ‚Œใ‚‹
่ฌก
ใ‚ใŒใ‚‹
ใปใพใ‚Œ
ใปใ‚ใ‚‹
ใจใ‚Š
ใชใ
ใชใ‚‹
ใชใ‚‰ใ™
ใคใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ™
ใคใŸ
ใฏใจ
ใซใ‚ใจใ‚Š
ใ—ใพ
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹ใ„
ใ‚ใŸใŸใพใ‚‹
ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‚ใ‚‹
ใฒใ‚
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ„
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚€
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใŠใ‚ใ‹
ใ™ใฟ
ใ•ใ‹
ใ•ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ†
ใŠใ‹
ใฏใŒใญ
ใคใช
ใ‚†ใ•ใถใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ™ใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚‰ใ
ใ‚†ใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚‹ใ
ใ‚†ใ™ใถใ‚‹
ใ‚†ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใ†ใŸใ„
index v: cross-reference list
่ฌกใ†
1969 r-1689 ๅฐฑใ
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
r-420
r-421
r-1117
r-1868
r-949
r-952
r-488
r-489
r-1840
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
r-656
r-132
r-220
r-1333
r-1471
1984
1985
1986
1987
r-1072
r-1993
r-1780
r-886
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
r-2070
r-773
r-1922
r-894
r-895
r-1941
r-2082
r-657
r-893
r-1048
r-2011
r-2229
r-1752
r-1011
r-942
r-658
r-1779
ๅฐฑใ‘ใ‚‹
ๆ‡‡ใ‚
ๅขพ
ๅ…ใ‚Œใ‚‹
้€ธ
ๆ™ฉ
ๅ‹‰
่ฑก
ๅƒ
้ฆฌ
้ฆฌ
้ง’
้จ“
้จŽ
้ง
้ง†ใ‚‹
้ง†ใ‘ใ‚‹
้ง…
้จ’ใ
้ง„
้ฉšใ‹ใ™
้ฉšใ
็ฏค
้จฐ
่™Ž
่™œ
่†š
่™š
ๆˆฏใ‚Œใ‚‹
่™ž
ๆ…ฎ
ๅŠ‡
่™ใ’ใ‚‹
้นฟ
่–ฆใ‚ใ‚‹
ๆ…ถ
้บ—ใ—ใ„
็†Š
่ƒฝ
ใ†ใŸใ†
ใคใ
ใคใ‘ใ‚‹
ใญใ‚“ใ”ใ‚
ใพใฌใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
r-1690
r-659
r-1597
r-730
r-553
r-731
2011 r-733
ใ†ใพ
ใพ
ใ“ใพ
ใ‹ใ‚‹
ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹
ใ•ใ‚ใ
ใŠใฉใ‚ใ‹ใ™
ใŠใฉใ‚ใ
ใจใ‚‰
ใŸใ‚ใ‚€ใ‚Œใ‚‹
ใŠใใ‚Œ
ใ—ใ„ใŸใ’ใ‚‹
ใ—ใ‹
ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹
ใ†ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ—ใ„
ใใพ
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
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r-661
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r-662
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