Download Chapter Test A (2)

Answer Key
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
c
d
a
d
d
b
d
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
b
b
c
a
c
b
a
d
25. Sample answer: Even
though most cells carry all
the same DNA, cells can
differentiate among the
genes and use only certain
ones. Depending on which
genes are activated, a cell
can differentiate into a
muscle cell, neuron, or red
blood cell.
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Short Answer
16. mitosis
17. D
18. They are shown as an X.
19. In part B of the diagram,
DNA condenses into tightly
coiled chromosomes.
20. Sample answer: In part
B, the chromsomes are
duplicated and consist of
two sister chromatids. In
part D, the sister chromatids
have separated from each
other.
21. Accept any one: muscle
cell, neuron, red blood cell.
22. capable of developing into
a complete organism or
differentiating into any of
its cells or tissues
23. fertilized egg cells
24. The most specialized cells
are muscle cells, neurons,
and red blood cells. They
can give rise to other closely
related, specialized cells.
Answer Key
1
CHAPTER
5
CELL GROWTH AND DIVISION
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1. If a cell cannot move enough material
5. During which of the following stages
through its membrane to survive, then
the ratio of its surface area to volume is
shown in Figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm
of a cell divide?
a. too large.
Cell
Cycle
b. just the right size.
c. too small.
gap 1
d. growing too quickly.
2. Before a cell can proceed to mitosis
from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle,
it must
mitosis
a. double in size.
gap 2
b. complete a full cell cycle.
synthesis
c. undergo cytokinesis.
d. pass a critical checkpoint.
3. During interphase a cell grows,
duplicates organelles, and
FIG. 5.1
c. gap 2
b. synthesis
d. mitosis
a. copies DNA.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
b. divides the nucleus.
6. Kinases and cyclins are internal factors
c. divides the cytoplasm.
that
d. produces a new cell.
a. cause apoptosis.
b. control the cell cycle.
4. Why do the cells lining the stomach
divide more quickly than those in the
liver?
a. They are much smaller cells.
c. cause cancer cells to break away.
d. prevent mitosis.
CHAPTER 5
Cell Growth and Division
a. gap 1
7. Proteins from outside a cell that
b. They have fewer chromosomes.
stimulate it to divide are called
c. They need much more surface area.
a. oncogenes.
d. They undergo more wear and tear.
b. stem cells.
c. cyclins.
d. growth factors.
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Chapter Test A
93
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
8. Which statement describes the
chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?
12. Which statement about the process of
binary fission is true?
a. It does not involve the division of
cytoplasm.
b. It does not require any duplication
of DNA.
c. It does not take place in multicellular
organisms.
d. It does not produce genetically
identical offspring.
FIG. 5.2
b. It is made up of two chromatids.
c. It is made up of two centromeres.
d. It is made up of two telomeres.
9. In a single-celled organism, mitosis is
CHAPTER 5
Cell Growth and Division
used for
a. development.
c. growth.
b. reproduction.
d. epair.
10. Which of the following is true of
malignant tumors?
a. They do not require treatment.
b. They are easily removed through
surgery.
c. They can cause tumors in other parts
of the body.
d. They contain cells that stay clustered
together.
13. A plant’s leaf consists of
a. a group of organs.
b. various types of tissue.
c. organs that form a system.
d. many identical cells.
14. Cells in a developing embryo
differentiate based on
a. their location in the embryo.
b. symmetry in the first division.
c. their particular DNA.
d. secretions from the embryo.
15. Which organism is capable of
reproduction through asexual mitosis?
a. horse
c. bacterium
b. oak tree
d. starfish
11. One difference between a cancer cell
and a normal cell is that
a. cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
b. normal cells divide uncontrollably.
c. cancer cells cannot make copies of
DNA.
d. normal cells cannot make copies of
DNA.
94
Chapter Test A
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
a. It is made up of two histones.
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
A
C
B
D
FIG. 5.3
16. What is the name of the process shown in the diagram? (The letters are for identification,
but do not indicate the order of the process.)
17. Write the letter of the stage in the cycle that occurs last.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
CHAPTER 5
Cell Growth and Division
18. How are sister chromatids represented in the diagram?
19. Describe the events that take place in part B in the diagram.
20. How are the chromosomes shown in part B different from the chromosomes shown
in part D?
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Chapter Test A
95
CHAPTER TEST A, CONTINUED
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)
inner cell mass
fertilized egg
muscle cells
red blood cells
neurons
21. Name one type of cell shown in the diagram that is multipotent.
22. What does it mean for a cell to be totipotent?
23. Which of the cell masses shown in the diagram contains cells that are totipotent?
24. List the cells in the diagram that are the most specialized. What type of cell can these
specialized cells give rise to?
25. Assume that all of the cells shown above are from the same organism and have the same
genetic information. How do the cells differentiate into cells with different functions?
96
Chapter Test A
Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company.
CHAPTER 5
Cell Growth and Division
FIG. 5.4