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Chapter 9 Section 1 Acids, Bases, and pH Acids Compounds that increases hydronium ions in solution by losing a hydrogen atom to water Ionize therefore conduct electricity Sour Indicators: change color depending on the pH o Ex. Litmus paper o Acids cause litmus paper to turn red Strong acids: ionize completely o Ex. Hydrochloric, sulfuric, and Nitric acid Weak acids: do not ionize completely o Ex. Acetic, Formic, and Citric acid Electrolyte: substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water Concentrated acids are dangerous Bases Compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water by gaining a hydrogen from water Bitter Ionize therefore conducts electricity Cause litmus paper to turn blue Strong bases ionize completely o Contain hydroxide o Called metal hydroxides o Ex. Potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide Weak bases do not ionize completely o Do not contain hydroxide o Ammonia o Methylamine o Aniline pH Indicates concentration of hydronium ions Range: 0 - 14 -log[H3o+] High concentration of hydronium will have a very low pH Acids pH <7 o Greater concentration of hydronium than hydroxide Bases pH >7 o Greater concentration of hydroxide than hydronium Neutral pH = 7 o Equal concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide Tiny changes in pH mean huge changes in concentration of hydronium pH meter measures electric current in solution