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Chemistry Vocabulary 6, test on Friday, 10/14/16
actinide series - in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 7 that follow the element
actinium
alkali metal - group 1 elements, except for hydrogen, they are reactive and usually exist as
compounds with other elements
alkaline earth metal - group 2 elements in the modern periodic table; highly reactive
aufbau principle - states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
electron configuration - the arrangement of electrons in an atom, which is prescribed by three rules: the
aufbau principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule
electron-dot structure - consists of an element's symbol, representing the atomic nucleus and inner-level
electrons, surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons
group - a vertical column of elements in the periodic table arranged in order of increasing
number; also called a family
halogen - a highly reactive group 17 element
Hund's rule - states that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy
orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same
orbitals
inner transition metal - a type of group B element that is contained in the f-block of the periodic table and
is characterized by a filled outermost orbital and filled or partially filled 4f and 5f
orbitals
lanthanide series - in the periodic table, the f-block elements from period 6 that follow the element
lanthanum
metal - an element that is solid at room temperature (except mercury), a good conductor of
heat and electricity, and generally is shiny; most are ductile and malleable
metalloid - an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals
Pauli exclusion principle - states that a maximum of two electrons can occupy a single atomic orbital, but
only if the electrons have opposite spins
quantum number - the number assigned to each orbit of an electron
radiation - rays and particles--alpha and beta particles, gamma rays--that are emitted by
radioactive materials
radioactive decay - spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation
radioactivity - process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation
valence electrons - the electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; these determine the chemical
properties of an element
wavelength - shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave; is usually
expressed in meters, centimeters or nanometers