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Chapter 4: Greece and Iran, 1000-30 BC
1. Introduction
a. All people view their own customs as natural and culturally superior
b. The Persian Empire brought diverse peoples together
c. Beginnings of East-West conflict
2. Ancient Iran
a. Geography and resources
i. Harsh conditions
ii. Developed irrigation in first millennium BC
iii. Mineral resources exploited minimally
b. The rise of the First Persian Empire
i. Migration and conquest
ii. Shift in power from Medes to Persians and patrilineal society
iii. The rule of Cyrus
iv. Cambyses and Darius
c. Imperial organization and ideology
i. Empire divided into twenty provinces, each led by a satrap
ii. The royal family
iii. Administration of empire
iv. Connection between Zoroastrianism and Persian rule
3. The Rise of the Greeks
a. Geography and resources
i. The Mediterranean
ii. The Aegean Sea, islands and rivers
iii. Factors that drew the Greeks to the Sea
b. The emergence of the Polis
i. The “Dark Ages” and the Phoenicians
ii. The alphabet
iii. Society, urban centers and warfare
iv. Colonies and Greek culture
v. From tyrants to oligarchy or democracy
vi. Religion
c. New intellectual currents
i. Growing interest in the individual
ii. Challenges to traditional religion
iii. Historia
d. Athens and Sparta
i. Sparta
ii. Athens
iii. Democracy
4. The struggle of Persia and Greece
a. Early encounters
i. The Ionian revolt
ii. The Persian wars
iii. The Hellenic League
iv. Greeks attack Persia and the formation of the Delian League
b. The height of Athenian power
i. Path to power
ii. Navy
iii. Political power and commercial interests
iv. Socrates
c. Inequality in classical Greece
i. Who benefited from democracy?
ii. Slavery
iii. Women and marriage
d. Failure of the city-state and triumph in the Macedonians
i. The Peloponnesian War
ii. Triumph of Macedonia
iii. Alexander’s methods of rule
5. The Hellenistic synthesis
a. Changes after the death of Alexander
i. Seleucid rule
ii. Ptolemic rule
iii. Antigonid dynasty
b. Athens and Sparta
i. Stood out from these federations
ii. Alexandria
iii. Benefits of citizenship
c. The Hellenistic states
i. Indigenous population
ii. New wisdom
iii. New cultural and religious practices
6. Conclusion
a. Profound changes
b. Persian supremacy
c. Alexander and Hellenism