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Roman World Takes Shape Chapter 5 Section 1 Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School Geography of Rome • Rome began as a small city-state in central Italy. • Geography of Italy made unifying Italy as one nation much easier then Greece • Very fertile growing areas • Central Location in the Mediterranean People of Rome • Rome shared the Italian Peninsula with others • Greek colonial city-states covered the southern tip of the peninsula • The Etruscans lived north of Rome and at one point in history controlled most of the Peninsula The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) • 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king (monarchy) and established a republic. – Power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. – In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens. The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) STRUGGLE FOR POWER: CLASS CONFLICT • Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power: inherited power and social status • Plebeians- (Plebs) common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population: can vote, but can’t rule –Tribunes- elected representatives who protect plebeians’ political rights. The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) A “Balanced” Government • Rome elects two consuls– one to lead army, one to direct government • Senate- chosen from patricians (Roman upper class), make foreign and domestic policy • Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for plebeians (commoners) • Dictators- leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by consuls and senate) See Chart: Comparing Republican Governments • What similarities do you see in the governments of the Roman Republic and the United States? • What do you think is the most significant difference between the Roman Republic and that of the United States today? The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) THE TWELVE TABLES • 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets and hung in Forum. • Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law • Become the basis for later Roman law Religion • Roman religion develops out of Greek and Etruscan religions – Rome had Jupiter, Juno, Neptune and Mars – Greeks had Zeus, Hera, Poseidon and Aries Greek Gods and Goddesses Roman Gods and Goddesses The Roman Army • All citizens were required to serve • Army was powerful: – Organization & fighting skill • Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)