Download Cell Theory and What makes Cells “Cells”

Cell Theory & What
Makes Cells “Cells”
1. In the beginning…
• The first person to actually see cells was a
man named Robert Hooke.
• In 1665, he was using a very early version
of the microscope that looked something
like this,
to look at tree
bark.
2. In the beginning…
• What he saw looked something like this:
• Because the structures that made up the
tree seemed to be like little rooms, he
called them “cells” and the name stuck.
What Robert Hooke
observed…
3. Cell Theory
• Since Hooke’s observations many scientists
have examined living things and come to 3
basic conclusions.
• Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic building blocks and
machines of living things.
3. New cells are made from already existing
cells.
The Wacky History of Cell
Theory
• http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wackyhistory-of-cell-theory
• Notes:
4. Present Day
• This is a diagram of the cell as we know it
today.
5. Cell Diversity
• Cells come in a range of shapes
and sizes that are determined by
cell function.
6. Cells are a part of a system
CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
SYSTEMS
7. Basic Cell Information - Common
Characteristics
• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• Cells come in different shapes, sizes, and
functions.
• Cells contain internal structures, called
organelles. Organelles are specific
structures that perform a specific function.
8. Cells exhibit basic structural
similarities
• Cells contain a semi-fluid component called
the cytoplasm that fills the interior of the
cell.
9. Cells exhibit basic structural
similarities continued…
• Cells contain cell membranes that enclose a
cell and separate its components from its
surroundings.
10. Cells exhibit basic structural
similarities continued…
• Cells contain DNA, a
nucleic acid that contains
the genetic information for
the organism. In all cells
the DNA is centrally located
in the cell.
• In some cells the DNA is
located in the nucleus.
Some cells do not have a
nucleus.
11. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
• Not all cells are exactly alike!
They have different structures,
shapes and sizes due to their
function.
• Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic
cells are two types of cells that are
different from each other.
12. Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes are less complex
and smaller in size.
• Genetic material not
contained in nucleus. The
DNA located in cytoplasm.
• There are no membranebound organelles in
prokaryotes.
• Examples: Bacteria and Archae
13. Image of Prokaryotic Cell
14. Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotes are more
complex and larger in size.
• Genetic material (DNA) is
contained in nucleus.
• There are membranebound organelles in
eukaryotes.
• Examples: Protists, Plants
and Animals
15. Plant vs. Animal Cells
• There are more similarities between plant and
animal cells than differences.
• Similarities: nucleus, plasma membrane,
mitochondria, golgi apparatus, rough and smooth ER,
ribosomes, vesicles, cytoskeleton
• Differences:
– Animal cells contain lysosomes, flagellum, cilia,
centrioles
– Plant cells contain large central vacuole,
chloroplast, cell wall
16. Image of Plant Cell
17. Image of Animal Cell