Download The Crusades: Religion, Violence, and Growth in Medieval Europe

The Crusades:
Religion, Violence, and Growth in Medieval Europe
Kenyon College, Department of History, Bowman
HIST 328 / Spring 2009
In 1095, Pope Urban II called on European knights to reconquer the city of
Jerusalem. In doing so, he launched the first crusade. The objectives of the first
crusaders may have been fairly circumscribed, but for the next four centuries the
crusading movement had complex and varied consequences for the inhabitants of Europe,
north Africa, and the Middle East. In this course, we will examine (1) the confluence of
religious, political, and economic motivations that inspired crusaders, (2) the extension of
the ideas and practices of crusading to the Iberian peninsula and parts of northern Europe,
and (3) the manifold interreligious and cross-cultural exchanges (peaceful and violent)
that resulted from the crusades.
Most of the reading for the course will be primary sources – that is, narrative
accounts and records written by the people who participated in or observed the events
they described. Among other things, we will explore how we can reconstruct a coherent
sense of the past from sources that are partial and interested. For example, we will
examine how Jewish, Christian, and Muslim witnesses might describe the same events
differently. To what degree can these differences be attribute to religious differences,
and to what extent to social status, nationality, gender, or individual personality?
Assignments
Short Paper
Submit 4-5 page paper on assigned topic.
Due February 10 at 8:00 PM.
Source Study
Answer a series of questions about one of the primary sources
in Crusades: A Readers and discuss how we might use it as
historical evidence.
Due April 1 at 9:00 PM.
Prospectus with Submit 2-page prospectus describing the goals and
annotated
organization of your research paper. Prospectus should
bibliography.
include annotated bibliography identifying primary and
secondary works relevant to your research paper.
Due February 28 at 6:00 PM.
Presentation or Individually or in small groups, you will give a 12-minute
Discussion
presentation related to your research. You will be responsible
for distributing relevant reading and questions in advance of
the presentation. Alternately, you may choose to lead
discussion for part of one seminar meeting.
February 23, April 23, April 30
Research Paper A 12-15 page research paper based on the sources or themes
listed at the end of the syllabus.
Due May 4 at 12:00 noon.
Participation
Attendance is mandatory. After two unexcused absences, a
and
student’s grade will drop rapidly and irrevocably. Students
Professionalism must have completed the assigned readings by class time.
Energetic, frequent, and thoughtful participation in discussion
is a vital element of this seminar and constitutes a significant
portion of your grade.
All day, every day!
For details about grading, see final page of syllabus
150 points
150 points
150 points
100 points
250 points
200 points
Books
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Thomas F. Madden, A New Concise History of the Crusades
Amt and Allen, Crusades: A Reader
The First Crusade, ed. Edward Peters
Peter W. Edbury, The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, trans. D. S. Richards
Joinville and Villehardouin, Chronicles of the Crusades
The Poem of the Cid
An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades, P. Hitti
January 15
1. Introduction: Religion, Violence, Growth
January 22
2. The First Crusade
The First Crusade, ed. Edward Peters, chapters I, II, III, V, VIII, IX
Madden, Concise History, chapters 1 and 2
January 29
3. Pilgrimage, Society, Holy War
Crusades: A Reader, nos. 1-11, 25, 26, 28, 29, 45, 49, 54
Georges Duby, “Youth in Aristocratic Society,” in The Chivalrous Society **
Leigh Ann Craig, “Stronger than men and braver than knights’: Women and
Pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome in the later Middle Ages,” Journal
of Medieval History 29 (2003): 153-75.
February 5
4. The Second Crusade and the Crusader States
Crusades: A Reader, nos. 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 76
Hitti, An Arab-Syrian Gentleman, 3-142, 171-97
Madden, Concise History, chapters 3 and 4
C. J. Tyerman, “Were There Any Crusades in the Twelfth Century?” English
Historical Review 110 (1995): 553-577.
February 10
*** Short Paper Due ***
February 12
5. The Third Crusade in Latin
Peter W. Edbury, The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, 1-154
Crusades: A Reader, nos. 43, 44, 45, 46.
February 19
6. The Third Crusade in Arabic
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, pp. 1-145
Crusades: A Reader, no. 40.
Peter W. Edbury, The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, 158-66
C. P. Melville and M. C. Lyons, “Saladin’s Hattin Letter,” in B. Z. Kedar ed.,
The Horns of Hattin, pp. 208-12. **
B. Z. Kedar, “The Battle of Hattin Revisited,” in B. Z. Kedar ed., The Horns of
Hattin, pp. 190-207. **
February 26
7. The Third Crusade in Arabic II
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin, pp. 146-250
A Christian/Muslim Debate of the 12th century, MS:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/christ-muslim-debate.html
“The Idea of Jihad in Islam before the Crusades,”
http://www.doaks.org/Crusades/CR02.pdf
Norman Housley, “The Crusades and Islam,” Medieval Encounters13 (2007):
189-208.
February 28
Prospectus Due at 6:00 PM
March 19
8. The Fourth Crusade
Villehardouin, The Conquest of Constantinople
Crusades: A Reader, 56, 58, 60.
Madden, Concise History, chapter 5
Anne Dulop, “Masculinity, Crusading, and Devotion: Francesco Casali’s
Fresco in the Trecento Perugian Contado,” Speculum 76 (2001): 315-336.
March 26
9. Crusade and Reconquista
Poem of the Cid, first two cantars
Crusades: A Reader, nos. 66, 68, 69, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81
Madden, Concise History, chapter 6
Patrick J. O’Banion, “What has Iberia to do with Jeruslaem? Crusade and the
Spanish Route to the Holy Land in the Twelfth Century,” Journal of Medieval
History 34 (2008): 383-395.
April 1
Source Study Due at 9:00 PM
April 2
10. No seminar meeting.
April 9
11. Saint Louis
Joinville, Life of Saint Louis in Chronicles
Madden, Concise History, chapter 7-9
Crusades: A Reader, nos. 85, 86, 88, 90, 91
Christoph Maier, “The Roles of Women in the Crusade Movement: A
Survey,” Journal of Medieval History 30 (2004): 61-82.
Evolution of Crusader Privileges, 1095-1270:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-privs.html
April 16
12. Crusades on Film
Ridley Scott, Kingdom of Heaven
April 23
13. Research Presentations
Readings as Assigned
April 30
14. Legacies of the Crusades
Madden, Concise History, chapter 10, conclusion
Adam Knobler, “Holy Wars, Empires, and the Portability of the Past: The
Modern Uses of Medieval Crusades,” Comparative Studies in Society and
History 48 (2006): 293-325.
Loretta Napoleoni, “Modern Jihad: The Islamist Crusade,” SAIS Review of
International Affairs23 (2003): 53-69.
Additional readings as assigned
May 4
Noon, Research Paper Due in Seitz House
Themes
Archaeology, Art, and Architecture
Men, Women, Gender
Jews and the Crusades
The Crusades in Islamic Historiography
Military Technology and the Crusades
Military Orders
Ideas of Holy War
The Crusades and Commerce
Pilgrimage and Crusade
Lay Spirituality and Crusading
The Aftereffects of the Crusades
The Crusades and Intellectual History
Violence, Social Order before the First Crusade
Courtly Representation of Crusade
Crusade and Literature
Primary Sources in Translation
Collections
The Crusades: A Documentary Survey, ed. James Brundage. Milwaukee, 1962.
The Crusades: A Reader, ed. S. J. Allen, Emilie Amt. 2003.
Documents on the Later Crusades, 1274-1580, ed. Norman Housley. New York, 1996.
The First Crusade and Its Aftermath
Anna Comnena, The Alexiad. English translations by E. R. A. Sewter and Elizabeth Dawes.
Robert the Monk’s History of the First Crusade: Historia Ihersolimitana, ed. Carol Sweetenham. 2005.
The Gesta Tancredi of Ralph of Caen: A History of the Normans on the First Crusade, ed. Bachrach, Bachrach.
Walter the Chancellor’s The Antiochene Wars, A Translation and Commentary, Tom Asbridge and Susan Edgington.
The Second Crusade
Odo of Deuil, De profectione ludovici VII in orientem/The Journey of Louis VII to the East, New York, 1948
William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, trans. E. A. Babcock. 2 vols. New York, 1943.
De expugnatione Lyxbonensi: The conquest of Lisbon, ed. Charles Wendell David. New York, 1936.
Third Crusade
The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, Helen J. Nicholson.
The Third Crusade: An Eye-Witness Account of the Campaigns of Richard . . ., ed. Kenneth Fenwick. Lonon, 1958.
The Fourth Crusade
Robert of Clari, The Conquest of Constantinople. New York, 1936.
Crusaders as Conquerors: The Chronicle of Morea, trans. H. E. Lurier. New York 1964.
Alfred J. Andrea, Contemporary Sources for the Fourth Crusade. Leiden, 2000.
The Capture of Constantinople: The ‘Historia Constantinopolitana’ of Gunther of Paris, ed. Aldred Andrea. 1997.
Henry of Livonia. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, ed. James A. Brundage. Madison, 1961.
Albigensian Crusade and The Iberian Peninsula
Guillaume de Tudela, The Song of the Cathar Wars: A History of the Albigensian Crusade, trans. J. Shirley. 2000.
Pierre des Vaux-de-Cernay. History of the Albigensian Crusade, trans. W.A. and M.D. Sibly. 1998.
The Book of Deeds of James I of Aragon, ed Damian Smith and Helena Buffery.
World of el Cid: Chronicles of the Spanish reconquest. Ed. Simon Barton & Richard Fletcher. Manchester, 2000.
Fifth Crusade and Later
Oliver of Paderborn, The Capture of Damietta, trans. John J. Gavigan. Philadelphia, 1948.
Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229, including the Capture of Damietta . . , ed. Edward Peters. 1971.
Guillaume de Machaut, The Capture of Alexandria, ed. Peter W Edbury, Janet Shirley. 2001.
The Templar of Tyre: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots’, ed. Paul Crawford. 2003.
The Crusade against Heretics in Bohemia, 1418-1437. Sources and Documents for the Hussite Crusades.
The Crusade of Varna, 1443-1445, Colin Imber. 2006.
Philip of Novara. The Wars of Frederick II against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus. Columbia, 1936.
Helmold, priest of Bosau. The Chronicle of the Slavs by Helmold, trans. Francis J. Tschan. Columbia, 1935.
Arabic / Hebrew
The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi’l-Ta’rikh, 2 parts, trans. D. S. Richards.
The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades: Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalanisi.
The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades, trans. Shlomo Eidelberg.
Useful Overviews and Reference Works
Robert Bartlett, The Making of Europe
K. Erdmann, The Origin of the Idea of Crusade
Richard Fletcher, Saint James’s Catapult
Nicholas Jasperts, The Crusades: A Concise History
Peter Lock, The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
Hans Eberhard Mayer, The Crusades. 2nd edition. Oxford, 1988.
E. Peters, Europe in the Middle Ages.
B. Rosenwein, A Short History of the Middle Ages.
S. Runciman, A History of the Crusades, 3 vols.
J. Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading
J. Riley-Smith, The Crusades: a short history. New Haven, 1987.
J. Riley–Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095–1131. Cambridge, 1977
K. Setton, A History of the Crusades
Christopher Tyerman, The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction.
The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades
Formulating Semester Grades
There are 1000 possible points to be earned over the course of the semester. I will give
all assignments numeric grades. In other words, the only letter grade you will receive in
History 328 will be the final semester grade.
Short Paper
Source Study
Prospectus with
annotated bibliography
Presentation
Research Paper
Participation and
Professionalism
TOTAL
TOTAL POINTS
985-1000
930-984
885-929
870-884
820-879
February 10, 8:00 PM
April 1, 9:00 PM
February 26 at 6:00 PM.
150 points
150 points
150 points
February 23, April 23, April 30
May 4, 12:00 noon
All day, every day
100 points
250 points
200 points
SEMESTER GRADE
A+
A
AB+
B
1000
TOTAL POINTS
790-819
770-819
720-769
690-719
590-689
Below 690
SEMESTER GRADE
BC+
C
CD
F