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Exploring Creation Through General Science
Module 14 Notes
The human respiratory and circulatory systems
Vocabulary to Know:
Veins – blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries – tiny, thin-walled vessels that allow the exchange of
gases and nutrients between the blood and cells
Circulatory System
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Most oxygen exchange takes place in the capillaries
Majority of veins carry deoxygenated blood
Majority of arteries carry oxygenated blood
Four chambered heart is extremely efficient, keeping
deoxygenated and oxygenated blood completely separated
**Know heart diagram, main parts of the heart, how blood flows
through and where Oxygenated blood and Deoxygenated blood can
be found
Blood
Blood plasma – pale yellowish liquid that hold three types of blood
cells
Types of blood cells:
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1. Red blood cells – transport oxygen from the lungs to the
tissues, red in color from hemoglobin
a. Hemoglobin – protein in red blood cells that holds onto
the oxygen until it gets where it needs to go
2. White blood cells – only 1% of blood types, protects the body
from pathogens or disease
a. Antibodies – chemicals produced by some white blood
cells that act like poison to invading organisms
3. Blood platelets – one purpose, to aide in process of coagulation
or blood clotting
Bone marrow – where blood cells are made
Coagulation or blood clotting – process by which blood seals
wounds to keep them from leaking out an injured artery and is aided
by blood platelets
Blood Types
Type
Receive from
A
A, O
B
B, O
AB
A, B, AB, O
O
O
** know chart for test
Donate to
A, AB
B, AB
AB
A, B, AB, O
Special name
Universal recipient
Universal donor
Respiratory System
Alveoli – small sacks at the end of the bronchioles, covered with
capillaries that exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
**know diagram of Respiratory system and how air moves through
it
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Inhaling:
Nasal or mouth cavity  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchial
tubes  bronchioles  alveoli  oxygen to blood
Exhaling:
Carbon dioxide from blood  alveoli  bronchioles  bronchial
tubes  larynx  pharynx  nasal or mouth cavity
Voice Box
Larynx or vocal chords – provide voice when air passes over it when
you exhale
o More air out the louder your voice is
Plants
Xylem – tubes that provide water from the roots to the entire plant
Phloem – tubes that carry food from the leaves to the rest of the
plant
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