Download Genetic Engineering (Biotechnology)

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Genetic Engineering
(Biotechnology)
The Splice of Life
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Introduction
 Selective
Breeding: process by which
humans breed other animals and plants for
particular traits.
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Introduction
 Genetic
Engineering: use of technology
to manipulate and change genes.
 This involves directly inserting,
removing, or altering an organism’s DNA.
 Example: Genetically modified
organisms (GMOs)
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Alternating DNA
A. Genes: small pieces of DNA that codes for
a trait.
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Alternating DNA
B. Enzymes: proteins that catalyze
reactions. They are very specific to the
substrate they act upon.
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Alternating DNA
C. Splice: to join or connect
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Alternating DNA
D. Plasmid: a circular, double-stranded unit
of DNA that replicates within a cell
independently of the chromosomal DNA.
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Alternating DNA
E. Gene Splicing:
 Special enzymes are used to cut specific
genes out of its surrounding DNA.
 Genes are inserted into a plasmid.
 Plasmid is then inserted into the
deserved organism with the desired
trait.
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Uses of Genetic Engineering
A. Vaccines: gene splicing allows
researchers to make vaccines with portions
of viruses or bacterium without actually
transmitting the illness.
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Uses of Genetic Engineering
B. Gene Therapy: inserting functional
genes into the cells that need them.
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Uses of Genetic Engineering
C. Forensics: studying small sections of
human DNA to link criminals to crime
scenes.
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Uses of Genetic Engineering
D. Cloning: creation of a genetically
identical organism.
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Uses of Genetic Engineering
E. GMOs: an organism whose genome has
been altered so that its DNA contains one or
more genes not normally found in the
organism.
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Keystone Standard
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BIO.B.2.4.1: Explain how genetic engineering has impacted
the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture (e.g.,
selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically
modified organisms, gene therapy).