Download Turn in Cardiovascular Worksheet in blue basket. get out blood

Friday, February 5, 2016
TURN IN CARDIOVASCULAR
WORKSHEET IN BLUE
BASKET.
GET OUT BLOOD
WORKSHEET, A SHEET OF
PAPER & SOMETHING TO
WRITE WITH.
GET A HIGHLIGHTER
LEQS (COPY THESE DOWN)
• What are the components of blood?
• How does the blood transport materials through the
body?
• What are the steps of hemostasis?
• How does blood coagulate?
• Why would someone have a negative reaction if they
were to receive a blood transfusion of an incompatible
blood type?
BLOOD
As we go through these notes, if you have it in your blood worksheet,
highlight it. If not, copy it down.
FUNCTION
• Transport (nutrients, O2, waste,
hormones)
• Help maintain stability of interstitial
fluid
• Distributes heat
• Overall, helps to maintain homeostasis
PARTS
• Is a type of connective tissue
• Formed elements / Hematocrit (HCT): white
blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
• Liquid portion: plasma (mix of H2O, amino
acids, proteins, carbs, lipids, vitamins,
hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes)
BLOOD IN A CENTRIFUGE
• Separates into 3 parts
• Top = liquid plasma
• Middle = “Buffy coat” (WBCs & platelets)
• Bottom = RBCs
RED BLOOD CELLS
RBC or erythrocytes
Contain O2-carrying hemoglobin
RBC count (RBCC or RCC) males = 4.6 – 6.2 million /
mm3; female = 4.2 – 5.4 million / mm3
Produced in the bone marrow
Live about 120 days
Iron required to produce hemoglobin & normal RBCs
Anemia = lack of RBC or hemoglobin
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
 WBC or leukocytes
 Function: protect against infection by
phagocytizing bacterial cells or producing
antibodies
 5 types
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophil
Monocytes
lymphocytes
WBC CONT’D
Granulocytes = neutrophils, basophils, and
eosinophils; develop in red bone marrow, only live
about 12 hrs
Agranulocytes = monocytes & lymphocytes; develop
in lymph system and bone marrow
Counts: (WBCC or WCC) 5,000-10,000 / mm3;
 Above 10,000 / mm3 = leukocytosis; indicates acute
infection
 Below 5,000 / mm3 = leukopenia; accompanies certain
disease like measels, mumps or AIDS
PLATELETS
• aka thrombocytes
• Formed in bone marrow
• 10 day life span
• Count 130, 000 – 360, 000 / mm3
• Help form blood clots
PLASMA
Clear, straw colored
92% H2O
Proteins = albumins, globulins & fibronegen
Gases = O2, C O2 & N
Nutrients = amino acids, simple sugars,
nucleotides, lipids (combine w/ protein to form
lipoprotein)
Nonprotein nitrogenous substances = contain N
but aren’t proteins; amino acids, urea, uric acid
Electrolytes = NA, K, Ca, Mg, chloride,
bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate
HEMOSTASIS
• Stopping of bleeding by blood vessel
spasm, platelet plug formation then
coagulation
• Thrombus = abnormal blood clot
• Embolus = blood clot that moves
through the vessel
BLOOD GROUPS
A = only antigen A; antibody anti-B
B = only antigen B; antibody anti-A
AB = both antigen A & B; neither antibody
O = neither antigen A nor B; both anti-A and anti-B
antibody
Type O = universal donor
Type AB = universal recipient
Rh group: Rh- blood will react negatively (after initial
exposure) to Rh+ blood
IF YOU GET THE WRONG BLOOD TYPE IN A
TRANSFUSION…
Symptoms
Should a reaction occur, you would normally experience
symptoms within a few minutes of receiving a transfusion. These
may include:
a strong feeling that something bad is about to happen
fever and chills
breathing difficulties
muscle aches
feeling nauseous
chest pains, abdominal pain or back pain
pain where the transfusion line is inserted
blood in your urine
Jaundice
http://www.healthline.com/health/abo-incompatibility#CausesandRiskFactors3
30 MINUTES TO WORK
• work on other worksheet (p. 204, 209)
• Also, make sure you have your heart & blood
vessel diagrams labeled & with you on
Thursday.
CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
Notes Part 1
BASICS
• Cardiovascular system is composed of the
heart and blood vessels
• Cardio- = heart
• -vascular = refers to the blood vessels
• Basic path: arteries – arterioles –
capillaries – venules - veins
PULMONARY CIRCUIT
•Sends deoxygenated
blood to the lungs to get
O2 and get rid of CO2
SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
•Sends O2 rich blood and
nutrients all over body
•Removes wastes
STRUCTURE OF HEART
• Hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump
• In thoracic cavity, on top of the diaphragm
• Size: approx. 14 cm long by 9 cm wide
• Pericardium = covering around heart
• Heart wall = epicardium (outer layer); myocardium
(muscular middle layer); endocardium (inner layer)
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2016
• turn in worksheet pgs. 204, 209 in blue basket
• get a text book
• get out paper and something to write with
CURRENT LEQS
• What path does blood take through the heart and
body?
• What are the differences and similarities in the
functions of the systemic system, pulmonary
system, hepatic portal, and coronary circulation?
• What are the components of an ECG?
READ PGS. 362-366
1. What are the layers of the heart from outer-most to innermost?
2. What is the difference between atria and ventricles in
terms of location, structure and function?
3. Starting with the vena cava, what is the path of blood
through the heart? Include the trip to the lungs, blood
vessels & specific valves.
CHAMBERS
• 2 atria on top; thin walls; receive blood
• 2 ventricles on bottom; thicker walls;
pumps blood out into arteries
• Septum; wall that separates left and right
sides
VALVES
• Function: to ensure one-way blood flow
• AV (atrioventricular) valves: tricuspid & mitral
• Tricuspid: on right, 3 cusps (flaps)
• Mitral: on left, a.k.a. bicuspid; only 2 cusps
• Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary
artery; 3 cusps
• Aortic valve: at base of aorta and top of left ventricle; 3 cusps
BLOOD SUPPLY
• Coronary arteries: 1st 2 branches of aorta;
provide for the capillaries of the
myocardium
• Cardiac veins: remove blood from
myocardial capillaries
• Coronary sinus: empties into right atrium
CARDIAC CYCLE
• Systole = contraction
• Diastole = relaxation
• Cycle = atrial systole / ventricular diastole –
ventricular systole / atrial diastole – both relax;
equals a complete heart beat
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR4t__B-Zwg
HEART SOUNDS
• Through a stethoscope sounds like “lubb – dupp”
• Lubb = ventricular contraction; AV valves closing
• Dupp = ventricular relaxation pulmonary & aortic
valves closing
• Murmur = abnormal heart sounds
FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM
•Mass of merging cells that function as
a unit
•Atrial walls and ventricular walls
PREP FOR PULSE LAB