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After the death of Caesar II. Triumvirate (3 people rule) A) 3 friends of Caesar took over Rome after his death. 1) Marcus Antonius (Marc Antony) - Caesar’s loyal supporter 2) Marcus Lepidus - Caesar’s most loyal general 3) Gaius Octavius (Octavian) - Caesar’s grand nephew and adopted son. He was 19 years old and Caesar’s closest male relative B) Triumvirate avenges Caesar’s death - executed the assassins and their supporters From Encyclopedia.com... After the murder of Caesar, Brutus went east and, in the republican cause, joined Cassius and held Macedonia with him. Late in 42 BC, Octavian (later Augustus ) and Antony arrived, and a battle was fought at Philippi. When it went against the republicans, Brutus committed suicide Cassius had become ringleader in the plot to kill Caesar. The plot involved more than 60 men (including Marcus Junius Brutus, Publius Servilius Casca, and Lucius Tillius Cimber) and was successfully accomplished in the senate on the Ides of March in 44 BC When the people were aroused by Antony against the conspirators, Cassius went to Syria. He managed to capture Dolabella at Laodicea and coordinated his own movements with those of Brutus. Antony and Octavian (later Augustus ) met them in battle at Philippi. In the first engagement Cassius, thinking the battle lost, committed suicide. Another of the conspirators was Caius Cassius Parmensis,d. 30 BC He fought at Philippi and later with Sextus Pompeius. He later sided with Antony in the naval battle off Actium and was killed by order of Octavian. D) The fate of the Triumvirate 1) Antony - ruled Egypt and joined forces with Cleopatra (queen of Egypt) 2) Lepidus - dies mysteriously 3) Octavian - rules Greece - all 3 are fighting for power a) Antony and Octavian start a civil war - Octavian defeats Antony in W. Greece and returns to Rome in triumph E) 2 Years Later a) The Senate gives Octavian a new name... “Augustus”- which means highly respected b) The Senate loved Augustus and gave him 2 roles 1) Head of State 2) Supreme Military Commander - Roman Senate became a “rubber stamp” for Octavian’s orders c) Augustus became the sole ruler of Rome and held all power This was the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire! The future of the Roman people and their happiness now depended upon their emperor or ruler. Why?