Download Les biomatériaux: mythes et réalités

Biostability
•
Material response towards the body
•
•
Chemical degradation
Mechanical property degradation
Biodurability
•
The aim is that the useful duration of the
prosthesis exceeds the life expectancy of the
patient.
IN PRACTICE, THIS
RARELY HAPPENS
In practice
•
Design to meet the need for which the organ had to
be replaced.
•
This requires a collaboration between the physician
(who knows the needs) and the scientist/engineer
(who knows materials science and biology).
Knee ligament
Knee ligament
•
Primary objective
•
•
To restore appropriate function of the knee joint.
Improvements
•
•
•
Wear
Lack of regeneration
The targeted customers
Knee ligament
Cardiac valves
Cardiac valves
•
Primary objective
•
•
To regulate blood exit out of the heart.
Improvements
•
Compromise between cardiac valve
hemocompatibility, its expected duration and
patient’s life expectancy.
Cardiovascular system repair
Veine
Artère
Intima
(cellules endothéliales)
Valvules
Limitante
élastique
Élastine
interne (élastine)
Média
(cellules musculaires)
Limitante élastique
externe (élastine)
Adventice
(tissu conjonctif
fibreux)
Endovascular prostheses
Endovascular prostheses
Endovascular prostheses
•
Primary objectives
•
•
•
Recovery of the diameter of arteries after stenosis
or aneurism
Decrease in hospitalization costs
Improvements
•
•
•
Hemocompatibility
Mettallic ion leaching
Mechanical property loss
Prosthesis selection depends on
pathology
Synthetic arterial prostheses
•
Primary objective
•
•
To reestablish blood flow in one direction
Improvements
•
•
•
•
Hemocompatibility
Healing
Blood flow through the prothesis wall
Biological molecule adsorption
Synthetic arterial prostheses
Structure de l’artère
17
Biodegradable scaffolds
Dacron
(PET)
>6mm
15µm
Materials Science and Engineering C, in press
Macromolecular Rapid Communication DOI 10.1002/marc.201300609
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2012; 97: 1520-1526.
J. Biomed. Mater. Res.-Appl. Biomater., 2010, 93B, 531-543.
Acta Biomaterialia, 2009, 5, 2416-2428.
Cell-Material interaction
 BAECs on textile (60X)
Cell nuclei
stained in
blue with
DAPI
Actin
filaments
stained in red
with
rhodaminphalloidin