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Transcript
Do our genes determine what we should drink? The evolution of personalized nutrition Ahmed El-Sohemy Canada Research Chair in Nutrigenomics Chief Scientific Officer Department of Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto Nutrigenomix Inc. Toronto – Sydney Santiago – São Paulo The Science of Nutrigenomics The Science of Nutrigenomics The Science of Nutrigenomics Using genetic information to investigate how nutrients interact with our genes to impact our health and performance. Diet Genes Food preferences Taste Perception 5 Tastes • Sweet • Salty • Umami • Sour • Bitter • Fat (??) Bitter Sour Sweet Salty Eny et al., Physiol. Genomics, 33:355-60, 2008 Why bother with genetics/genomics? Health Outcome Nutrition Genotype A Genes Genotype B Genotype C Increase No Effect Decrease One size does not fit all Is Coffee associated with CVD? CVD Coffee Genotype A Genes Genotype B Genotype C Increase No Effect Decrease Genetic Variation in CYP1A2 -163 AC 300 fast % Inducibility 250 200 150 slow 100 50 0 AA AC CC CYP1A2 Genotype Coffee Intake and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Odds Ratio 2.0 1.5 <1 cup/d 1 cup/d 2-3 cups/d 4 cups/d * 1.0 0.5 Total Population * P<0.05 Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006 Coffee Intake and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Odds Ratio 2.0 1.5 <1 cup/d 1 cup/d 2-3 cups/d 4 cups/d * * 1.0 0.5 AA AC + CC CYP1A2 Genotype * P<0.05 Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006 Coffee Intake and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Odds Ratio 4 3 * <1 cup/d 1 cup/d 2-3 cups/d 4 cups/d * 2 1 * * 0 AA AC + CC CYP1A2 Genotype * P<0.05 Cornelis et al., JAMA 295: 1135-41, 2006 Consumer Genetic Tests USA, 2006 UK/USA, 2000 - 2009 USA, 2007-2012 Iceland, 2007-2012 USA, 2007-?? Canada, 2011 USA, 2007 USA, 2009 Canada, 2009-2012 USA, 2001 USA, 2000 UK, 2010 Australia, 2008-2013 Consumer Genetic Tests Does genetic information influence behaviour? I have the gene, so I eat healthily. I have the gene, so what can I do? DNA-based dietary advice resulted in: greater understanding of recommendations greater interest in learning more greater motivation to change eating habits Greater compliance after 1 year. Sample Reports Gluten Test 7-Gene Test (2014) (2012) 45-Gene Test (2016) Sample Reports Hines et al, N Engl J Med, 344: 549-555, 2001 Alcohol and Risk of Myocardial Infarction FAST SLOW Hines et al, N Engl J Med, 344: 549-555, 2001 November 28, 2016 Schumann, G. et al. PNAS Early Edition; published November 28, 2016. • Linked genetics and alcohol consumption in 105,000 light and heavy drinkers • β-Klotho (KLB) gene linked to social alcohol consumption • A allele is associated with reduced desire to consume alcohol (possessed by 40% of study population) • Tests 10 genes • Also provides questionnaire for feedback after each wine trial, to help better suit future pairings Is DNA-based Dietary Advice Ready for Prime Time? Yes • Scientific evidence is robust (studies replicated) • Independent of ethnic background • Improved compliance (evidence from RCT) • Information is actionable and “personalized” • Increasing consumer awareness and demand • Focus on wellness/prevention, not disease treatment ~1/3 of consumers will focus on personalized nutrition “…making day-to-day decisions about what to eat based on their particular genetic makeup.” Products developed for your genetics Acknowledgements Marilyn Cornelis Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson Leah Cahill Andrea Josse Daiva Nielsen Dennis Wang Karen Eny Bibiana Garcia-Bailo Ilana Platt Stephen Ozsungur Joanne Brathwaite Christine Asik Cristina Cuda Sara Mahdavi Nanci Guest Joseph Jamnik Hyeon-Joo Lee Susana Huang Lindsay Stewart Alejandra Navarro-Allende Andre Dias Laura Da Costa Karina Fischer Lilli Mauer Erica Day-Tasevski Ohood Alhabri Alicia Jarosz Riva Sorkin Hannia Campos Alaa Badawi Tom Wolever David Jenkins Christoph Borchers Andrew Paterson Guang Sun Steven Narod Paolo Palatini Greg Wells Acknowledgements Advanced Foods and Materials Network Centres of Excellence Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canada Research Chairs Nutrigenomix Inc. Genotype “Positive health requires a knowledge of man’s primary constitution and of the powers of various foods, both those natural to them and those resulting from human skill.” Personalized Nutrition - Hippocrates (480 BC)
