Download Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Review Packet

NNHS Biology 2016-17
Name: ___________________________________________ Block:
______
Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Review Packet
1) Explain how mutations may lead to changes in phenotypes.
a) Define nondisjunction.
b) Give two examples of human genetic diseases that result from
nondisjunction.
c) Define SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.
d) Give two examples of human genetic diseases that result from a SNP.
2) Draw concept map that includes meaningful connecting words or phrases using the
following vocabulary terms: genome, gene, chromosome, genomics, sequence, alleles,
sequence variation, genetic variation, human genome project.
3) Explain how the Human Genome Project has impacted human health and medicine.
a) What is the Human Genome Project?
b) What technology was needed to accomplish this goal?
c) Give two examples how this technology is currently used in advancing human health
and medicine.
4) Color-blindness is a recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes on the X
chromosome.
a) Explain why color-blindness is more common in males than females.
b) Draw a pedigree that illustrates how color-blindness is transmitted from a
grandfather to his offspring in a three generation family.
c) Draw a Punnett Square to show the probabilities of offspring produced from a
female carrier of the color-blindness mutation and a male with typical color vision.
5) Explain the three key functions of DNA.
a) What does it mean that DNA stores all the genetic information for an organism?
b) Name the two processes during which the information in DNA is copied.
c) How does a cell transmit genetic information to daughter cells?
d) How does an organism transmit genetic information to offspring?
6) What role did each of these three camps (groups) of scientists play in cracking the
genetic code?
a) Erwin Chargaff
b) Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
c) James Watson and Francis Crick
NNHS Biology 2016-17
Name: ___________________________________________ Block:
______
7) How does the structure of DNA predict its function as the source of an organism’s
genetic information?
a) How does the structure of the double helix predict how it is copied?
b) What did scientists infer about the information that must be contained in the DNA
sequence?
8) Some of the energy in sunlight is in the form of ultraviolet (uv) radiation. This uv energy
can change the chemical bonds between adjacent nucleotides in DNA. Using what you
know about DNA and human genetics, make a prediction of how exposure to large
amounts of uv energy might impact a person’s genome and their health.
a) What do you predict might happen to the DNA as the information is copied?
b) What kind of cells do you think would be most affected by uv energy?
c) What consequences might occur to the health of the person?
d) How could an individual reduce their risk to these effects?
9) Draw a picture of a cell that explains the “Central Dogma” of Biology. How does genetic
information flow in the cell?
10)What are the functions of start and stop codons and why are they important
instructions in the genome?
11) Draw a flow diagram that shows the steps of translation.
12)The nucleus in every cell has all the instructions for making the organism (the whole
cookbook), and yet cells are specialized to perform different functions.
a) Explain how blood cells and liver cells can use the same instruction book to produce
different types of cells.
NNHS Biology 2016-17
Name: ___________________________________________ Block:
______
NNHS Biology 2016-17
Name: ___________________________________________ Block:
______
NNHS Biology 2016-17
Name: ___________________________________________ Block:
______