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Review Sheet Final (80 questions, 2 AP Essays) Approx. half of test will be chapters 9 and 10 Chapter 9 Mendelian Genetics Monohybrid cross Dihybrid Cross Incomplete Dominance Complete Dominance Codominance (blood types) Epistasis Pleiotropy Polygentic inheritance Morgan’s Experiments Recombinants vs. Parental Type Linked Genes – When does this happen in meiosis? Wildtype vs mutants Sex-linked traits Map units Lab Sordaria Crossing over http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/design2.html Pedigrees Aminocentesis vs CVS Human Traits (Dominant, recessive, sex-linked) Tay sachs, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s disease, blood types Genetics problems and probability What is the connection with heredity and meiosis? How does meiosis help explain what Mendel and Morgan observed? Chapter 10 Structure and Function of DNA Watson and Crick Model of DNA Who were Watson, Crick, Wilkins, Franklin? Chargaff’s rules Purines vs Pyrmidines Hershey-Chase experiment – what was the significance? Meselson-Stahl experiment – what was the significance? http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120076/bio22.swf:: Meselson%20and%20Stahl%20Experiment Complementary Base Pairing What is a nucleotide? What is the backbone Where are the 5’ and 3’ sugars on ribose? DNA replication DNA polymerase Primers 5’ to 3’ direction Helicase Ligase Semiconservative Templates Leading strand Lagging Strand How is DNA replication related to S- Phase? Primase Okazaki Fragments What is significant about the 3’-OH Why do chromosomes get shorter and shorter every round of replication? What are telomeres? What is telomerase? What happens if there is a mistake? What is the role of single-stranded binding proteins Protein Synthesis Central Dogma DNA -> mRNA -> protein -> trait RNA vs DNA Single stranded Uracil Ribose mRNA, rRNA, tRNA RNA can move in and out of the nucleus Transcription (DNA -> RNA) Initiation Promoter TATA box Transcription Factors RNA polymerase Elongation RNA polymerase 5’to 3’ single stranded mRNA Termination Terminator Sequence RNA processing Just know that this happens to mRNA prior to leaving the nucleus Translation (RNA -> amino acids) Ribosomes Small subunit Large Subunit E P A sites Codons Know how to use the decoder tRNA anticodons amino acid attachment site Stop codons Review chapter review guides, summer ecology packet Ecology, biochemistry, Enzymes, cells and organelles, metabolism (cellular respiration and photosynthesis), CAM vs. C4, mitosis and meiosis, cancer,