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More on Nucleic Acids…The RNA’s Review: Macromolecule: Nucleic Acids Monomer: Nucleotides - Sugar - Phosphate - Base Ex: DNA & RNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - Sugar = deoxyribose - Bases: A-T C-G Structure: Double Helix Function: 1. Store genetic/hereditary information 2. Code to build proteins Two forms: 1. Chromatin: relaxed DNA 2. Chromosome: condensed DNA - Gene: The code to make one protein. DNA The New stuff… Chromosome Gene RNA Ribonucleic Acid Nucleotide (monomer) parts: 1. Sugar = Ribose 2. Phosphate 3. Base o C–G o A – U (uracil) [There is no T (thymine)] 3 types of RNA: 1. rRNA: [“r” = ribosomal] - structure: ball-like structure with specific “grooves” on the surface, for… - function: synthesize amino acids in to a protein 2. mRNA: [“m” = messenger] - structure: single straight chain of nucleotides - function: copy the instructions on how to make a protein from DNA and carry those instructions to the ribosome/ “workbench” 3. tRNA: [“t” = transfer] - structure: upside down hair-pin loop or upside down “t”. - function: locate and transfer the correct amino acid to the mRNA on the rRNA (ribosome) and place them in the correct order and location. Differences between DNA and RNA: 1. sugar 3. structure 2. base 4. function