Download Unit 4 * Eukaryotic Cells

[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
1. What was Robert Hooke studying that led him to the discovery of cells?
a. What is the origin of the word “cell”?
b. What scientist determined that cells were actually alive?
2. List the four parts of the cell theory.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Define prokaryotic –
4. Define eukaryotic –
a. What is the largest independently-living eukaryotic cell?
5. Why is surface area such a limiting factor to cell growth?
6. Define nucleus –
7. Define cytoplasm –
8. Define plasma membrane –
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
9. Summarize the four functions of the plasma membrane.
a.
b.
c.
d.
10. What molecule makes up plasma membranes?
11. Label the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the plasma membrane diagram. Label the
part that is in contact with water and the part that is away from water.
12. Give the function of each of these membrane proteins.
a. Receptor –
b. Carrier –
c. Enzyme –
d. Anchoring –
e. Recognition –
13. What is the purpose of the carbohydrate chains found in cell membranes?
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
14. Define selective permeability –
a. What passes through the membrane easily?
b. What is not able to pass through the membrane without help?
15. Define diffusion –
a. Why is diffusion considered passive transport?
16. Define osmosis –
a. What determines the direction of water movement in osmosis?
b. Define solute c. Define solvent –
17. Define and give an example of each of these types of solutions:
a. Isotonic –
b. Hypotonic –
c. Hypertonic –
18. Define facilitated diffusion –
19. Define active transport –
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
20. What is a vesicle?
a. What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?
b. What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
21. Define cytosol 22. Define organelle –
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
23. In this table, summarize the function of each of the support and movement structures of the
cell.
Structure
Function
Cytoskeleton
Microvilli
Centriole
Cilia
Flagella
24. Summarize the function of each of the eukaryotic cell organelles.
Organelle
Function
Proteasome
Ribosome
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Lysosome
Secretory Vesicle
Membrane Renewal
Vesicle
Perioxisome
Mitochondria
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
25. Summarize the function of each of the parts of the nucleus.
Structure
Function
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pore
Nucleolus
Chromatin/Chromosomes
26. Label each of the plant cell structures.
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[UNIT 4 – EUKARYOTIC CELLS]
Biology Notes Outline
25. Summarize the function of each of these structures found only in plant cells.
Structure
Function
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
Plasmodesmata
26. Describe what happens to plant cells placed in each of these solutions:
a. Hypotonic –
b. Isotonic –
c. Hypertonic –
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