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Transcript
Name ________________________________ Date __________________ Biomolecules Study Guide Organic Molecules contain ______carbon_________ List 3 things about Carbon’s bonds (how many, what kind, etc) 1. forms covalent bonds 2. makes up to 4 bonds 3. bonds store energy 4 macromolecules of life CARBOHYDRATES 1. --___monosaccharide________ simple sugar = required by all cells to make _____energy_______, such as ____glucose____ 2. -- disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides – example: table sugar - sucrose 3. Polysaccharides = big sugar example:_____starch______: __energy__ storage for plants -- _____cellulose_____ = big sugar – make’s up plant __cell__ _wall__ Glycogen = big sugar = energy storage in animals (liver) LIPIDS --List the three types of lipids you learned about and the function of each TYPE OF LIPID FUNCTION 1. TRIGLYCERIDE STORES ENERGY (NEUTRAL FAT) Insulates and cushion 2. PHOSPHOLIPID MAKE UP CELL MEMBRANE 3. CHOLESTEROL PRODUCES SEX HORMONES STABILIZES CELL MEMBRANE --fat cells in animals (__energy_ storage) --Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats SATURATED – COME FROM ANIMALS, SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, FILLED WITH HYDROGENS, ONLY HAVE SINGLE BONDS Saturated fats (butter, dairy products, meat) are fats which are evenly filled out with hydrogen, which remains solid at room temperature. UNSATURATED - COME FROM PLANTS, LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, MISSING HYDROGENS, DOUBLE BONDS Unsaturated fatty acids that your body can’t manufacture and, therefore, has to be provided through your diet, HEALTHIER PROTEINS -- made up of 20 different ___amino acids____ -- transport minerals (hemoglobin carries _oxygen__) -- controls chemical reactions (__enzymes_____) -- produces antibodies – fight germs -- assist in muscle movement --How does a person get all of the 20 amino acids? __the body makes 12 of needed, the rest are taken in through foods – many proteins come from meat and eggs – it’s important for those who don’t eat meat to make sure they get amino acids through other methods ____ NUCLEIC ACIDS -- made up of string of __nucleotides__ -- contain sugar, phosphate group, _nitrogeneous base_ (A, G, T, U, C) -- ___genetic__ material of life -- two types of nucleic acids: __DNA_ & __RNA___ DNA Function: CARRIES GENETIC INFO RNA HELPS DNA BECOME PROTEINS Made up of: Sugar - DEOXYRIBOSE Sugar - RIBOSE Phosphate group Phosphate group Nitrogenous base (A,G,T,C) Nitrogenous base (A,G,U,C) Looks like: What is ATP? (hint: what did we compare it to? Why?)___energy carrier for the cell. We compared it to a “rechargeable battery” because after if uses a phosphate and becomes ADP, it can be “recharged” when it gains back the phosphate to become ATP again from the covalent bonds of food or glucose._____ How does ATP differ from ADP? ____ATP has 3 phosphate molecules and therefore more “energy” than ADP, which only has 2 phosphate molecules.___________________