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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION RAILWAY FAMILY LIFE WOMEN’S RIGHTS The Industrial Revolution • Main influences (money, labour, demand, power, transport, food, machines) - “mass production”- beginning - fuel problem (less wood- coal- iron) - Image: iron & coal production • A Watt steam engine. The steam engine, fueled primarily by coal, propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world • inventions and increased production (cotton/wool/ china goods) Social Effects of the Industrial Revolution - workers joining (fair wages- better conditions) A young "drawer" pulling a coal tub along a mine gallery.[80] In Britain laws passed in 1842 and 1844 improved working conditions in mines • Over London by Rail Gustave Doré c. 1870. Shows the densely populated and polluted environments created in the new industrial cities • (19th c.) Britain - Most powerful – ‘workshop’ of the worldfactories producing more than any country in the world - The Great Exhibition of Industries (1851) inside the Crystal Palace - Queen Victoria - Aim (show world greatness of Britain’s industry) Why was Britain industrially strong 1- Enough natural resources: coal/iron/steel for production & exporting (production of new heavy industrial goods-machinery) -exporting (e.g. cloth) 2-strong banking system Images: The Iron Bridge, Shropshire, England The Railway • Best example of Britain’s Industrial power (19th c.) – – – – Six million could visit the Great Exhibition in London At first to transport goods (cost/speed) Then passenger trains (government/fare/quickly) Poor conditions improved (prices fell/wages doubled/better food/gas) – Two education acts • Children schooling (13) • Redbrick universities (distinguish/industrial cities/science and technology) • Railway use for travel and pleasure • Bicycle invention • The right to personal freedom (Capitalism) Red brick Universities • Universities of Liverpool & Sheiffield Painting depicting the opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1830, the first inter-city railway in the world and which spawned Railway Mania due to its success Development of Railways Family Life in 19th c. Britain - Growth of affection Idea of the close family Privacy and individualism Marriage for personal happiness Family under the ‘master’/no equality Women feeling useless when children grew up Happy family life reduced in 19th c. (strict parenting/beating/boarding schools/wife as man’s property) The Rights of Women • (19th c.) Women as legal property –impossible to get a divorce- had to give up property upon marriage • Wife beating • Women’s colleges - no degrees • ‘Suffragettes’- the right to vote • (20th c.) The War changed everything (factories-voting age) • Liberation of women took many forms (clothescosmetics- smoke and drink- hair) • Protests against violence, pay and work • Growth of number of working women Suffragette Images • Suffragette Symbol • Suffragists marching in New York, 1915 • A British suffragette, c. 1910