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Chapter 7.1 , 7.2, and 7.3 Evolution is the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes developing into new species. Scientists continue to develop theories to explain how evolution happens. Evidence that organisms evolve can be found by comparing living organisms to each other and to the fossil record. These comparisons provide evidence of common ancestry Scientists think that modern whales evolved from an ancient, land – dwelling mammal ancestor. Evidence of common ancestry is provided by comparing DNA and inherited traits. Darwin explained that evolution occurs through natural selection. Natural selection is the process where individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Know the 4 parts of Natural Selection found on p. 178 Modern genetics helps explain the theory of natural selection.