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Cell Energy
Chapter 4 Section 2
Objectives:
• Describe photosynthesis and cellular
respiration.
• Compare cellular respiration with
fermentation.
Photosynthesis
• The energy that fuels life comes from the
sun.
• Photosynthesis: the process that plants
and algae use to convert light energy
into food energy
• This food supplies energy for the plant as
well as other organisms that eat the plant.
• Without plants (producers), consumers
wouldn’t be able to live.
Photosynthesis
• Pigments: molecules
in plants that absorb
the energy from light
– Example:
chlorophyll is a
pigment (in
chloroplasts) that
gives plants their
green color
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon
Dioxide
Glucose
(Sugar)
Water
Oxygen
Plants use energy from sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into
glucose (food) and oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
• Food has to be broken down into energy
that our cells can use.
• Respiration means “breathing”
– But cellular respiration is not the same thing
as breathing
• Cellular Respiration: the process of
producing energy (ATP) from Oxygen and
Glucose (food)
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): energy
molecule the cell can use
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Glucose
Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Food and oxygen are broken down into carbon dioxide,
water and ATP.
Most of the energy produced is in the form of heat.
This helps to maintain body temperature.
Cellular Respiration in Eukaryotes
• Takes place in mitochondria
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
•Reactants: light energy,
carbon dioxide, and
water
•Products: glucose and
oxygen
•Occurs in plant cells
•Takes place in
chloroplasts.
•Reactants: glucose and
oxygen
•Products: energy (ATP
and heat), carbon
dioxide, and water
•Occurs in both plant
and animal cells.
•Takes place in
mitochondria.
Fermentation
• Takes place when there isn’t enough
oxygen to do cellular respiration.
• A small amount of ATP is made during
fermentation.
C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2
sugar -> ethanol + carbonic gas
2 Types of Fermentation
Type 1
Type 2
•Occurs in muscle cells,
some fungi, and some
bacteria.
•Lactic acid & ATP is
produced
•Occurs in some
bacteria and yeast.
•ATP, Carbon dioxide, &
alcohol are produced.
–Causes muscle fatigue/
sore muscles
–Carbon dioxide bubbles
are what cause bread to
rise.