Download CPUSH (Unit 6, #2) - Bekemeyer`s World

American History A
Mr. Bekemeyer
The Civil War: 1861 -- 1865
(Unit III, Segment 2 of 3)
[From History Alive! Pursuing American Ideals – Chapter 10 (Sections 1, 2, 3, 5, & 6)]
I. Succession
A. Lincoln's election in 1860 brought the Southern states to the point of secession and
Lincoln to a fateful question:
Should he allow peaceful secession or should he coerce the rebels to stay in the
Union?
B. First Inaugural Address -- What is Lincoln suggesting to the South?
* addressed to the people of the South
* suggested he would not be the first to attack
* attempted to appeal to the past American Revolution
* looked to connect to the "better angels of our nature."
C. Secession in the South
1. Lincoln’s election led to secession by 7 states in the Deep South but that did not
necessarily mean “_________________”
a.
Two things had to happen first:
(i)
One last failed attempt to reconcile the North & South
(ii)
The North had to use its military to protect the Union
2. Succession
a.
SC seceded on Dec 20, 1860
b.
The ________________ Deep South seceded by Feb 1861
c.
The Upper South _____________________ Lincoln’s election as a death
sentence & did not secede immediately
d.
“Lame duck” Buchanan took no action to stop the South from seceding
e.
Some Northerners thought the U.S. would be better off if the South was
allowed to peacefully secede
II. The Confederate States of America
A. On Feb 4, 1861, the Confederate States of America were formed
B. The CSA constitution resembled the U.S., but with 4 key changes:
1. it protected states’ rights,
2. guaranteed slavery,
3. referenced God, &
4. prohibited protective tariffs
C. Mississippi Senator Jefferson Davis was elected CSA president
III. The Civil War
A. The Start of the Civil War, 1861
1. When Lincoln was elected in 1860, 7 Southern states seceded from the Union &
formed the Confederate States of America
2. The Civil War began when ___________________ was fired upon by
Confederate soldiers
3. 4 more Southern states seceded in 1861 when Lincoln called for military
volunteers to “______________________________”
B. Northern Advantages
1. At the outbreak of the Civil War, the North had lots of advantages:
a.
Larger ______________________ for troops
b.
Greater industrial capacity
c.
Huge edge in RR transportation
2. ______________________ for the North:
a.
Had to invade the South to win
b.
Difficult to maintain enthusiasm & support for war over time
C. Southern Advantages
1. Although outnumbered & less industrial, South had advantages:
a.
President Davis knew that they did not have to “win” the war; the South
only had to drag out the fight & make the _____________
b.
Had the _________ military leaders
c.
England & France appeared more willing to support the South
(i)
“___________________” diplomacy
D. Union and Confederate Strategy
1. The Union strategy during the war was called the _____________________ Plan:
a.
__________________ the coast, seize the Mississippi River to _________
the South, & take Richmond
b.
Exploit South’s dependency on foreign trade & its inability to
_____________________ weapons
c.
Relied on Northern advantages in ___________________, ____________,
& military production
2. The Confederate strategy during the war was an __________________________:
a.
Protect Southern territory from “Northern aggression” but attack into
Union territory when the opportunity presents itself
b.
Get Britain & France to join their cause because of European dependency
on “King Cotton”
c.
Drag-out the war as long as possible to make the North quit
E. Political Leadership During the Civil War
1. During the Civil War, President Lincoln used “__________________________”
to protect “national security”:
a.
Suspended __________________________ (Laws requiring evidence
before citizens can be jailed)
b.
Closed down newspapers that did not support the war
2. During the Civil War, President _______________________ had a difficult time:
a.
The CSA Constitution protected ______________________ so state
governors could refuse to send him money or troops
b.
CSA currently inflated by 7,000%
3. The national government in the USA & CSA relied on _____________________
armies in the beginning, but soon needed __________________________ (draft)
to supply their armies with troops
IV. Fighting the Civil War: 1861-1863
A. From 1861 to mid-1863, the Confederate army was ______________ the Civil War:
1. Defensive strategy carried out by superior Southern generals like Robert E. Lee &
"Stonewall" Jackson
2. Disagreements among military & political leaders in the North
B. Battles:
1. Bull Run (Manassas), 1861: The 1st battle of the Civil War; Stonewall Jackson
kept the Union army from taking the CSA capital at Richmond
2. From 1861-1862, the CSA had success in the __________, but the USA had
success in the ___________
3. Antietam, 1862
a.
Antietam, 1862: General Lee’s 1st attempt to attack __________________
the CSA was halted by McClellan
b.
Even though the Battle of _____________________ ended without a clear
winner, it had important effects on the North:
(i)
The battle convinced Britain & France not to ______________ the
Confederacy in the war
(ii)
The battle convinced Lincoln that the time was right to make the
____________________ of slaves the new focus of the war for the
North
4. After Antietam, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation:
a.
This executive order freed all slaves in Confederate territories
b.
It did not free slaves in the ____________________________, however it
gave the North a new reason fight
c.
Inspired Southern slaves to escape which forced Southern whites to worry
about their farms
5. After Antietam, the Confederates continued to win in the East
C. Conclusions: 1861-1863
1. Despite being __________________________ & under-equipped, the CSA
dominated the fighting in the East from 1861-1863 due to better generals & a
____________________ strategy
2. But, the Union Army was having success in the West under the leadership of
________________________________
3. By mid-1863, the weight of the Northern ________________________ &
industrial capacity will begin to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Union
V. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
A. When the Civil War began, most expected the fighting to end _________________,
but the war lasted until 1865 due to:
1. The commitment of the Union & Confederacy to “_______________”
2. Excellent Southern generals like Robert E. Lee
3. Improved, industrial weaponry
B. The Civil War was the world’s 1st “total war” in which the entire economy was
devoted to winning:
1. North & South employed ______________ workers to meet supply demands
a.
Women took gov’t jobs as bookkeepers, clerks & secretaries; A number of
women also served as spies (Rose Greenhow, CSA)
b.
(i)
Women’s most prominent role was as nurses on the battlefield:
distributing medical supplies, organizing hospitals, & offering comfort to
wounded or dying soldiers
__________________________ future founder of the American Red Cross
C. The Tide of the War Turns in 1863
1. By 1863, the Confederacy was having difficulty ___________________ the fight:
a.
Attempts to lure Britain & France into the war had failed
b.
The Union blockade, limited Southern manufacturing, & lack of grain
fields left CSA soldiers ill-supplied
c.
To pay for the war, the CSA printed money leading to massive inflation
2. Gettysburg, 1863:
a.
In July, Robert E Lee decided to take advantage of his victory at
Chancellorsville & attack ___________________ to end the war quickly
by crushing Union morale
b.
Gettysburg proved to be the ___________________ of the war; Lee was
halted, the CSA never again attacked Union soil, & the Union army began
_____________________ the war
3. ______________________, 1863:
a.
Grant cut off Southern access to Mississippi River & _________________
the South into two halves (considered the other “turning point” in the war);
b.
Grant was then promoted to lead the entire Union army
4. Gettysburg Address (Thoughts? Notes?) -- You should be writing right now …
* principles of our government founded on
* CW a test to see if the principles will last
* Union must win in order to preserve our form of government
D. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
1. Under Grant’s leadership, the Union army was more _____________________ &
committed to destroy the South’s will to fight:
a.
Grant appointed William T. _____________ to lead the Southern campaign
b.
Sherman destroyed everything of value to the South & emancipated slaves
during his “____________________________”
c.
Sherman considered “total war” necessary to defeat the South
d.
The Battle of Atlanta was a huge victory for the Union because it took out
a major Southern railroad terminus
2. Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Address
a.
In his 2nd inaugural address, Lincoln promised a Reconstruction Plan for
the Union with “__________ towards none; with _____________ for all."
3. Appomattox, 1865: Grant defeated Lee at _______________________ ending
the Civil War
E. Effects of the Civil War:
1. 620,000 troops were dead; More than any other U.S. war
2. The _______________ Amendment was ratified in 1865 ending slavery
3. The war forever ended the states' rights argument
4. The South was destroyed; A ________ was needed to admit Southern states back
into the Union
F. Conclusions
1. The turning point of the war: 1863
2. The Civil War began as a conflict “to preserve the Union,” but by 1863 it became
a war for ________________________ (Emancipation Proclamation was issued)
3. The South dominated the early campaigns of the war due, but by 1863
(Gettysburg & Vicksburg) the weight of Northern industry & population wore
down the South