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Download 8th Grade Social Studies Vocab Unit 7
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US History Vocabulary Unit 7 Word Meaning reform make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it Seneca Falls Convention the gather of supporters of women’s rights in July 1848 that launched the movement for women’s right to vote abolitionist a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery. Declaration of Sentiments a formal statement of injustices suffered by women, written by the organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention agrarian of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land Symbol Notes Industrial Revolution the dramatic change in economics and cultures brought about the use of machines to do work formerly done by hand industrialist a person involved in the ownership and management of industry racism the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races discrimination the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex segregation the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart oppression prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control Missouri Compromise an agreement made by Congress in 1820 under which Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state Compromise of 1850 the agreements made in order to admit California into the Union as a free state; these agreements included allowing the New Mexico and Utah territories to decide whether to allow slavery, outlawing the slave trade in Washington, D.C., and creating a stronger fugitive slave law Dred Scott decision a Supreme Court decision in 1857 that held that African Americans could never be citizens of the United States and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Kansas Nebraska Act an act passed in 1854 that created the Kansas and Nebraska territories and abolished the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories Union the United States as one nation united under a single government; during the Civil War, “the Union” came to mean the government and armies of the North Emancipation Proclamation an order issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring slaves in the Confederate states to be free Confederate a supporter of the Confederate States of America Gettysburg Address a speech by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg in memory of the Union soldiers who had died trying to protect the ideals of freedom upon which the nation was founded Habeas Corpus the right of an accused person to appear in court so a judge can determine whether he or she is being imprisoned lawfully 13th Amendment a change to the Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolishing slavery in the United States 14th Amendment a change to the Constitution, ratified in 1868, granting citizenship to anyone born in the United States and guaranteeing all citizens equal protection of the law 15th Amendment a change to the constitution, ratified in 1870, declaring that states cannot deny anyone the right to vote because of race or color, or because the person was once a slave Freedmen’s Bureau an agency established by Congress at the end of the Civil War to help and protect newly freed black Americans Black Codes laws passed in 1855 and 1856 in the former Confederate states to limit the rights and freedoms of African Americans Civil Rights the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality Jim Crow Laws laws enforcing segregation of blacks and whites in the South after the Civil War