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Cell Transport Notes Name: _________________________________ Explore: What happens when you exercise? What do you experience? How do you feel? Today’s Driving Question: Is Gatorade better for you than water when you are exercising? What do you think? Plasma membrane - The bouncer of the cell 1. The plasma membrane provides ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The plasma membrane is _______________________ _________________________. The bouncer’s job – How does the plasma membrane regulate the entry and exit of the following substances? - Water, sodium ions, and calcium ions: _________________________________________________ Nutrients: ________________________________________________________________________ Harmful ions: _____________________________________________________________________ Excess nutrients: __________________________________________________________________ Waste products: ___________________________________________________________________ Recall: What is the process of maintaining a balanced cellular environment called? __________________. Structure of plasma membrane Lipids… - ___________________________________________ __________________________________________. ___________________________________________ __________________________________________. ___________________________________________ __________________________________________. Phospholipid: - Hydrophilic ____________________________________________ Hydrophobic ___________________________________________ Why is the plasma membrane arranged as a phospholipid bilayer? Fluid mosaic Model Fluid because ________________________________________________________________________________ A Mosaic because ____________________________________________________________________________ Cholesterol: ______________________________________________________________________________ Transport proteins: ________________________________________________________________________ Proteins embedded in the membrane move among the phospholipids like boats with their “decks above water” and their “hulls below water.” Carbohydrates: ______________________________________________________________ So, who gets into the club? Substances can enter the cell via _________________ or __________________ Transport. Passive Transport Simple Diffusion - Diffusion: net movement of particles ____________________________________________. (from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration) - Caused by ___________________________________________. Relatively slow process because it relies on ____________________________________________________. Three key factors affect the rate of diffusion: Concentration: Temperature: Pressure: The result of diffusion: __________________________________________________________________________. What do we mean by “dynamic?” ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________. Osmosis: What controls osmosis? Your turn! Which way will the water go? (Red blood cells with about 5% salt in their cytoplasm) Draw what you think the red blood cells would look like in each solution, & draw arrows indicating the flow of water. 40% salt solution ___________________ 5% salt solution _______________________ 0% salt solution _________________________ How osmosis affects cells All cells are subject to osmosis because ____________________________________________________. Isotonic Solutions: the concentration of dissolved substances in the extracellular solution is __________________ as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell (in the cytoplasm). Hypotonic Solutions: the concentration of dissolved substances in the extracellular solution is ________________ as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell (in the cytoplasm). Hypertonic Solutions: the concentration of dissolved substances in the extracellular solution is _______________ as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell (in the cytoplasm). Facilitated Diffusion: - Fast and specific, but DOES NOT USE ENERGY! Driven by a ___________________________________________________. Includes _____________________________________________________, molecules that need special escorts (transport proteins) to enter the cell. Why can they not pass through on their own? Active Transport: - How do special transport proteins like calcium, potassium, and sodium pumps allow ions through the plasma membrane? So, is Gatorade better for you than water when you’re exercising? What does your body lose when you exercise? Is there more water inside the cell or outside in the bloodstream? Whathappens to your cells in this environment? What does Gatorade provide for your body? Why is this important for homeostasis? Health note: Is Gatorade better than water if you are not rigorously exercising? Why? Let’s see for ourselves! 1. Do you predict water will move into or out of the carrot cells in the tap water? How will you be able to tell? 2. Do you predict water will move into or out of the carrot cells in the salt water? How will you be able to tell? Observe and Reflect Did water move into or out of the carrot in the salt water? How do you know? How does osmosis explain what happened? Did water move into or out of the carrot in the salt water? How do you know? How does osmosis explain what happened?
