Download Plate Tectonic Test Review Answers!

Plate Tectonic
Test Review
Answers!
Fill in the Blank, Plate Tectonics:
The Theory of Continental Drift was proposed by Alfred
Wegner in 1912. The theory states that all the
continents were once one supercontinent named
Pangaea and have since drifted apart to their current
locations. The evidence that supports Continental
Drift is: similar fossil evidence from different
continents, the landforms line up, and the coastlines
of the current continents fit together like a puzzle. The
Continental Drift Theory has since changed into the
Theory of Plate Tectonics. This theory states that the
earth’s crust is broken into large moving pieces called
plates to which the continents are attached. Along
with the evidence that was used to support
Continental Drift, new evidence such as sea floor
spreading, earthquakes and volcanoes, and actual
recorded movement all help support Plate Tectonics.
The crust is broken into 16 plates: These plates shift and move in all
directions. Where they meet one another is called a plate boundary.
There are three types:
A divergent boundary is where the two plates move away from one
another. Here we find rift valleys and ridges. New crust is formed
at these types of boundaries.
An example of this type of boundary is the Mid Ocean Ridge.
A convergent boundary is where the two plates move toward one
another.
If subduction occurs, then one plate is forced underneath the other and
ocean trenches and coastal mountain ranges with volcanoes are
formed along the boundary.
If collision occurs then both plates collide and push upward creating
Tall Mountains with mild earthquakes. An example of this type of
convergent boundary is found in the Himalayan Mountains of India.
The third type of boundary is called a transform boundary. At this
boundary the plates move past one another in different directions.
This movement creates visible faults and lots of earthquakes.
Prime example is the San Andreas Fault in California.
During sea-floor spreading, new crust forms when molten material from
the mantle will rise up and fill in to form New Ocean Crust. The
opposite edges of the boundary then become subducted.
What is the difference between a constructive
and a destructive force that shapes the
Earth’s surface?
Constructive forces = build
Destructive forces = break down / destroy
What happens to the temperature and
pressure as you go deeper into the Earth?
Both increase
What indirect method can be used to map the
bottom of the deep ocean floor?
______sonar ______
Describe what each
layer is made of:
Crust:
hard rock and
minerals
Inner Core:
solid metal (iron
and nickel)
Outer Core:
melted (molten)
metal
Mantle :
magma, hot rock
1. Name the three basic types of rocks.
sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous
2. From what material are igneous rocks formed?
magma
3. Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive
igneous rocks.
Extrusive rock hardens above the surface of the Earth.
Intrusive rock hardens in the ground and has more
crystal because it takes longer to cool.
4. In the rock cycle the processes of __heat_ and
___pressure___ produce metamorphic rock. Sediments for
sedimentary rock are produced by the processes of
___erosion___ and _____weathering__ from the forces of
the elements above the earth’s surface. Igneous rocks form
when molten material __melts__ into magma and
__hardens (crystallizes)__ as it cools.
5. List and describe the 3 steps of
lithification:
deposition
compaction
cementation
• 7. Fossils are found in
___sedimentary______rock.
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
Deposition, compaction,
and cementation occurs
Sedimentary rock
sediments
Erosion & weathering
occur to form sediments
__Sedimentary rock__
Heat and pressure
___Igenous rock______
Heat and pressure is applied
Magma crystallizes, or hardens to
form this rock
____Metamorphic rock__
Rock melts to form magma
magma