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University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Academic Term
Year
Course Course Name
#
Course
Coordinator(s)
Course Objectives
Pharmaceutical Sciences
P1
Fall
PS508
Drug Delivery &
Solutions
Greg Amidon
Basic principles of drug delivery:
- biological and physical-chemical barriers to the bioavailability of drugs
- routes of drug delivery and related dosage forms
- principles and problems in equilibria, transport, and chemical kinetics of drug solutions as they relate to liquid dosage
form performance
P1
Winter
PS518
Dispersed/ Solid
Forms
Nair Rodriguez
Formulation, Development and Approval Process of Dosage Forms
- dispersed phases (suspensions and emulsions)
- solid phases (amorphous and crystalline)
- integration of physicochemical concepts with quality and performance of topical, oral and inhalation dosage forms
- bioequivalence and generics
P2
Fall
PS608
Pharmacokinetic
Concepts
David Smith
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Transport of Drugs
- physiological and pathophysiological factors that may impact pharmacologic response and dosing
- basic pharmacokinetic principles, including absorption and bioavailability, volume of distribution, clearance, half-life,
and protein binding
- interpret pharmacokinetic data after intravenous bolus, intravenous infusion, and extravascular dosing using both
plasma and urine data
- variability in patient genetics, age and weight, disease, and drug interactions and how they may affect drug kinetics
and response
- design an appropriate therapeutic drug regimen and recommend dosing adjustments due to disease progression
- linear and nonlinear pharmacokinetics and how they may impact drug levels, dosing and response in patients
P3
Winter
PS718
Biopharm &
Pharmacogenetics
Gus Rosania
Modern Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacogenomics
- biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics in the context of special patient populations
- advances in pharmacogenomic and genetic test methods
1
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology
P1
Winter
MC510
Principles of Drug
Action I
George Garcia
Basic Concepts Related to Drug Action, I
- understanding of drugs as chemical molecules
- physiochemical properties and how they influence a drug’s biological activity
- processes in drug absorption, distribution and elimination
- processes in the human body that lead to xenobiotic metabolism and resulting drug-drug interactions
- how drugs act at receptors and interfere with endogenous ligand/effect or action
- how chemical structure relates to biological activity for peripheral and cardiovascular systems
- application of the basic principles of drug action to the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system and
the drugs tht affect them
P2
Fall
MC600
Principles of Drug
Action II
Mustapha Beleh
Basic Concepts Related to Drug Action, II
Continued application of the basic principles of drug action focusing on the following therapeutic areas and the drugs
that affect these systems:
- central nervous system
- diabetes
- endocrine systems
- histamine receptors and GI drugs
- NSAIDs
- vitamins
P2
Winter
MC610
Principles of Drug
Action II
David Sherman
Basic Concepts Related to Drug Action, III
Continued application of the basic principles of drug action focusing on the following therapeutic areas:
- anti-infective agents
- cancer chemotherapeutic agents
- immunolgy and immuntherapies and biologicals
2
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
P3
Fall
MC700
Drug Assay
Hank Mosberg
Techniques Used to Analyze Drugs
Didactic Coursework:
- biopharmaceutical analysis and managing biological media (sampling, storage and analysis)
- standard analytical techniques and instrumentation (titrations, spectroscopic analysis, protein, enzyme and
immunoassays, electrophoresis and chromatography)
- concepts related to drug analysis, including chemical equilibrium, buffers, acid base chemistry, chemical ionization and
solubility and the terminology of analytical techniques and principles
- relate chemical structure and nature of drugs to the experimental results from analytical assays
- design a logical and rational protocol for analysis of any given drug based on the chemical nature and analytical
techniques
- evaluate results and interpret data from qualitative and quantitative analytical assays from the scientific literature
- gather, analyze, synthesize related information from the scientific literature and other available tools
Lab Coursework:
- Plan, prepare and carry out standard analytical techniques (titration, spectroscopy, protein and enzyme assays,
genotyping, electrophoresis, and chromatography)
- prepare solutions and reagents to support various analytical techniques, including buffers and standard solutions
- measure and weigh varying ranges of volumes and weights with accuracy and precision, use serial dilutions, and
construct standard curves
- working knowledge of concepts/terminology of analytical techniques and statistical concepts
- evaluate results/interpret data from qualitative and quantitative analytical assays
- maintain a complete, accurate and real-time record of procedures, data and results
- relate the chemical structure and nature of drugs to experimental results from corresponding analytical assays
- apply acquired knowledge and experimental results from analytical methods conducted in the laboratory to solve and
discuss related case studies
- demonstrate the ability to operate instrumentation correctly, perform relevant calculations and maintain proper
documentation in the process
- demonstrate care in the use of equipment and reagents and maintain a professional environment within the
laboratory
- exhibit professional behavior through attendance, promptness and conducting oneself in an honest, ethical and safe
manner
- work productively within a team to carry out analytical procedures according to established protocols while assuming
appropriate responsibility and cooperation.
3
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Health Systems and Pharmacy Practice
P1
Fall
P500
Introduction to
Pharmacy
Peggy Carver
Exploring the Profession of Pharmacy
- introduction to and history of pharmacy and drug regulation in the US
- role of pharmacists and pharmacy practice as they relate to patient care (clinical care, MTM) and other healthcare
professionals
- State and Federal healthcare issues in pharmacy
- professionalism, e-professionalism, and professional organizations
- career exploration, networking, career planning, internships, CV, letters of rec & letters of intent
P1
Winter
P516
Health Care Systems
Steve Erickson
Components of the US Healthcare System
- history and overview of delivery of health care in the US (includes government policies that affected health care
delivery and health care reform).
- drug discovery and development (stages of the US approval process and phases of clinical testing)
- manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceuticals, including factors that contribute to increased use and cost
- drug distribution chain for pharmaceutical (GPO, wholesalers)
- pharmacy practice in various settings (hospital, long-term care, mental health, home care, community)
- economics of health care (basic economic concepts of utility, supply, demand, equilibrium price)
- managed health care, including fee-for-service and capitated reimbursement
- tools to manage pharmaceutical care (P&T, formulary, cost sharing, incentives, step therapy, drug utilization review,
medication therapy management)
- government's role in health care, health care reform
- Medicare and Medicaid
- quality in health care
- introduction and overview of public health (applied epidemiology for pharmacists, disease prevention, behavioral
health, public health services)
4
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University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
P2
Winter
P616
Health Systems
Kim Redic
Best Practices in Health-System Pharmacy
- medication distribution and dispensing in a health system environment (oral, controlled substances, pediatrics,
oncology, TPN, parenteral)
- required elements for sterile technique (USP 797)
- producing dose forms for specialty patient populations (pediatrics, geriatrics)
- steps necessary to make a cancer chemotherapeutic agent
- issues associated with compatibilities of intravenous products
- health system calculations
- role of pharmacy informatics to improve efficiency, safety, and support the pharmacy practice model
- advancement of the pharmacy practice model and clinical pharmacy practice
- determination of how resources are deployed to care for patients’ needs
- differences and similarities between quality measures and the provision of safe care
Pharmacy Leadership and Business Practices
- leadership decisions as they relate to safety, quality, efficiency, financial management, and change leadership
- process improvement, quality, best practices
- Regulatory compliance [The Joint Commission (TJC), Center for Medicaid/Medicare Services (CMS), state boards]
- how to plan a patient care service, synthesize a business plan, and develop marketing strategies
- principles around facility design and layout
P3
Fall
P706
Health Care Systems
Raj Balkrishnan
Effectiveness of Pharmaceuticals
- pharmacy health care effectiveness, outcomes evaluations and interlink with pharmacy practice
- role of the clinical pharmacist in developing population-based evaluations of pharmaceuticals and pharmacy care
- systems and forces that are shaping pharmaceutical policy in the United States
- pharmacoeconomics, pharmacy informatics, and pharmacoepidemiology and their applications in pharmaceutical
care and policy
- role of the clinical pharmacist in evaluating and assessing patient-centered outcomes and conducting comparative
effectiveness evaluations
- assessment of population-based medication use outcomes and related comparative effectiveness analyses
- medication safety evaluation, formularies, and managed care decisions
- medication informatics and drug safety
- application of pharmacoeconomics in medication use policy
5
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
P3
Winter
P716
Law
Steve Erickson
Pharmacy Law
- resources for Federal and State pharmacy law
- State the legal requirements for dispensing and storing medications, including controlled substances
- legal responsibilities of the pharmacist and other pharmacy personnel
- requirements for the acquisition and distribution of pharmaceutical products
- patient counseling and requirements for documentation
- proper procedures for keeping records of information related to pharmacy practice, pharmaceutical products and
patients, including requirement for protecting patient confidentiality.
- qualifications, application procedures, necessary examinations, and internship requirements for licensure, registration,
or certification of (1) individuals engaged in the storage, distribution and/or dispensing of pharmaceutical products, and
(2) a practice setting or business entity (pharmacy, pharmacy wholesaler)
- operational requirements for a registered, licensed, certified, or permitted practice setting
- purpose of, and the terms and conditions found in, the laws and rules that regulate or affect the manufacture,
storage, distribution, and dispensing of pharmaceutical products, including controlled substances
6
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University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Therapeutics and Clinical Skills
P1
Fall
P504
Community Pharmacy Sarah Kelling
Introduction to Contemporary Community Pharmacy Practice:
Pharmacy Law
- Determine the validity of a prescription order
- Obtain all information legally required for new and transferred prescriptions
Medication and Patient Profile Assessment
- Review patient profiles and identify inappropriate dose, route, frequency or dosage form; drug-allergy interactions;
history of side effects; or irrational therapeutic regimen for top 50 medications and compounded products
- Use point-of-care resources to answer drug information questions
Dispensing & Calculations
- Calculate doses; reducing and enlarging; density, specific gravity, specific volume; dilution, concentration; percentage
ratio strength; potency; constitution of powders
- Compound medications pursuant to a prescription order
- Prepare and dispense medications pursuant to State and Federal regulations
Health promotion
- Provide community-pharmacy-based primary, secondary, and tertiary health promotion and disease prevention
recommendations
Top 50 Medications
- Analyze top 50 prescription orders according to the following: brand and generic names, therapeutic category, drug
schedule, indications, usual adult dosing range, common side effects, monitoring parameters, available dosage forms,
warnings, and counseling points
P1
Fall
P506
Communication
Communication Skills
- patient counseling, motivational interviewing, and medication history taking
- role of cultural influences and health literacy on communication of health information
- identify barriers to patient-pharmacist communication and how these can be overcome
- utilize medical terminology appropriately
Jolene Bostwick
7
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Tricia Wells
Self-Care Therapeutics
- assess patients with common health-related concerns
- triage patients to self-care, medical care or emergency care
- recommend appropriate non-prescription or nonpharmacologic treatment
- counsel self-treating patients on recommended therapies
- monitor (or advise patients to monitor) for efficacy and safety of treatment
- mechanisms of action, doses/formulations, common side effects and their management, and common drug
interactions for self-care products
- communicate with patients empathically and respectfully; appreciate barriers to pharmacist-patient communication
(including health literacy and cultural differences) and adapt communications accordingly
- participate constructively in teams, using skills such as advocacy and inquiry to ensure optimal team functioning
- act as a team leader, demonstrating ability to encourage balanced participation from all team members and foster
healthy team dynamics
P1
Winter
P512
Self-Care
P2
Fall
P602
Therapeutic Problem Barry Bleske
Solv I
Therapeutic Problem Solving, I
- pathophysiology and therapeutics of disease
- drug therapy/applied pharmacokinetics for common chronic conditions (hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery
disease, hyperlipidemia, coagulation, thyroid, PUD/GERD, asthma/COPD, diabetes)
- role of evidence-based medicine in regard to therapeutic decisions
- developing comprehensive pharmaceutical care plans
P2
Winter
P612
Therapeutic Problem Barry Bleske
Solv II
Therapeutic Problem Solving, II
- pathophysiology and therapeutics of disease
- drug therapy and applied pharmacokinetics for common chronic conditions (pregnancy/lactation, pediatrics,
geriatrics, women's' health, men's' health, osteoporosis, neurology, smoking cessation, substance abuse, anemia, pain)
- role of evidence-based medicine in regard to therapeutic decisions
- developing comprehensive pharmaceutical care plans
P3
Fall
P702
Therapeutic Problem Sally Guthrie
Solv III
P3
Winter
P712
Therapeutic Problem Vicki Ellingrod
Solv IV
Therapeutic Problem Solving, IV
- pathophysiology and therapeutics of disease
- drug therapy/applied pharmacokinetics for acute conditions (Fluid & Electrolytes/Acid Base, Renal, Infectious
Diseases, Otitis Media, vaccinations, AIDS Therapy)
- role of evidence-based medicine in regard to therapeutic decisions
- developing comprehensive pharmaceutical care plans
Therapeutic Problem Solving, IV
- pathophysiology and therapeutics of disease
- drug therapy/applied pharmacokinetics for acute conditions (immunology, oncology, transplant, rheumatology,
hepatology, shock, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, acute heart failure)
- role of evidence-based medicine in regard to therapeutic decisions
- developing comprehensive pharmaceutical care plans
8
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University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Pharmaceutical Care Series
P1
Winter
P514
Pharmaceutical Care
Randy Regal
Basic Pharmaceutical Care, I
- classify the various types of potential medication-related problems
- identify factors which potentiate medication-related problems
- list tools of the pharmacist designed to help reduce medication-related problems
- list methods/tools of the pharmacist available for optimizing patient adherence to medications
- know and use various medication consolidation techniques to improve adherence and reduce direct and indirect
medication costs
- explain the purpose of each component of the Pharmacist’s Patient Database
- using the Top 100 Drug list as a basis, learn some practical pharmacology (therapeutic effects, common side effects)
of the drugs used for the disease states of hypertension, diabetes, electrolytes, hyperlipidemia, GERD/PUD/gastritis,
simple pain, and depression
- critically evaluate and interpret patient specific signs/symptoms, laboratory data and evidence-based goals of therapy
as it relates to hypertension, diabetes, electrolytes, hyperlipidemia, GERD/PUD/gastritis, simple pain, and depression
- identify drug-related medical problems and formulate a Care Plan with reasonable goals and recommendations for
changes in therapy for a given patient case
- communicate the Care Plan through written SOAP NOTE and verbal communication with health care providers and
patients
- distinguish amongst passive, assertive, and aggressive verbal communication, and be able to provide assertive verbal
recommendations to healthcare providers
-embark on interactions with community partners through the longitudinal early practice experience (LEPE) IPPE
P3
Fall or
Winter
P713
Direct Patient Care
Janice Stumpf
Cesar Alaniz
David Frame
Greg Eschenauer
Pharmaceutical Care, II
- collect relevant information on a Patient Monitoring Form
- critically evaluate patient-specific data, identify and prioritize medical problems, and formulate a written Pharmacist’s
Care Plan
- integrate critical appraisal of the primary literature into the development of a Pharmacist’s Care Plan
- construct a SOAP note that clearly, concisely and accurately portrays clinical recommendations
- effectively communicate patient information to health care professionals utilizing a structured case presentation
approach to summarize a patient’s medical issues, problem list and Care Plan
- research a clinical topic related to a patient seen in the IPPE setting for a brief, formal oral presentation
- 4 hours per week of direct patient care experience (medication reconciliation) are included in this course
9
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
P3
Fall
P723
Disease Management M. Marcelino
S. Rockafellow
Pharmaceutical Care, III
For all chronic disease states:
- develop and utilize a data collection form to facilitate gathering, organizing, interpreting, and presenting patientspecific information
- develop a care plan that includes evidence-based recommendations for pharmacological and non-pharmacological
interventions
- counsel patients on therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations for management of their chronic disease(s)
- document patient findings and recommendations in a SOAP note format
Diabetes:
- glucose self-monitoring and use of a glucometer
- counseling on goals for glycemic control and action plan for medical referral based on home glucose readings
- insulin administration (proper technique, admixture, dosing)
- diabetic foot exam
Asthma/COPD:
- correct use of inhaler devices including determining when to refill the prescription
- develop a patient-specific symptom or peak-flow based Asthma Action Plan
Hypertension:
- accurately measure and report a patient’s blood pressure and heart rate using a mercury/aneroid manometer with
stethoscope; and automatic monitors
- identify and discuss differences between JNC7 and JNC8 hypertension management guidelines
Lipid Profile, CHD Risk Assessment and Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes:
- explain components of a patient’s lipid panel and 10-year ASCVS risk in patient friendly terms
- obtain the necessary patient information to assess cardiovascular disease risk using the Pooled Cohort equations
- identify patient specific modifiable and non-modifiable CHD risk factors
- counsel a patient on the CHD risk, risk factors, and interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological)
interventions to modify CHD risk factors
- identify and discuss differences between the TPIII and 2013 ACC/AHA lipid management guidelines
P3
Winter
P714
Team-Based Clinical
Decision Making
Team-Based Clinical Decision Making, Interprofessional Education
- define perspectives that dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and social work bring to the healthcare team
- explain the importance of considering viewpoints from all team members when making patient-care decisions
- analyze and apply evidence from different healthcare disciplines to clinical decision making
- collaborate with other healthcare disciplines in a manner that allows for team-based decisions
- recommend a care plan for a complex healthcare situation that synthesizes available evidence and incorporates
multiple perspectives (individual, family, providers)
Gundy Sweet
10
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Evidence-Based Medicine and Scientific Inquiry
Principles of Evidence-Based Practice
- apply strategies to formulate clinical questions
- use point of care resources to respond to drug information inquiries
- apply an appropriate search strategie to resolve a clinical query
- critically appraise the primary literature, including assessing trial validity
- use the framework of evidence-based medicine to formulate clinical decisions
P2
Fall
P604
Evidence Based
Medicine
Gundy Sweet
P2
Winter
P614
Research Methods
Kathleen Stringer Introduction to Research Methods and Proposal Writing
- formulate a research problem that is relevant to human health
- construct a hypothesis and understand how it relates to the research problem
- write and verbally convey a logical hypothesis
- develop specific aims to address a hypothesis
- develop and explain, in written and verbal form, the needed background information to support the rationale for a
hypothesis
- select an appropriate study design (including methods and measurements/ outcomes) to address a hypothesis
- appreciate the importance of collaboration and consensus building in research project development and problem
solving
- convey and convince, in writing and verbally, the importance and significance of a chosen research problem and
develop a proposal to address the problem
- understand the purpose for each component of a research proposal
- construct a scientific poster for presentation of a research proposal
P3
Fall
P704
Ethics/EBM Clinical
Applications
Gundy Sweet
Ethics and Evidence-Based Medicine in Practice
- apply evidence-based medicine to formulate clinical decisions to various scenarios
- execute an efficient and effective search strategy to answer clinical questions
- assess the validity of clinical trials for application to clinical practice
- define and apply ethical principles to clinical practice scenarios
- explore common ethical and clinical challenges facing the clinical practitioner
- use peer group discussions for ethical dilemma resolution
- reflect on the relationships among moral, professional, and legal obligations of pharmacists including those involving
honesty and respect for patient well-being, autonomy, dignity and confidentiality
- recognize the ethical aspects of the design, conduct, regulation, and promotion of clinical research that require explicit
judgment and justification
11
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
P4
Multi-year
P730
Seminar
P/MC/PS PharmD Research
Jamie Park
PharmD Seminar
- develop formal communication skills through the preparation and presentation of a pharmacy practice-related topic
or PharmD Investigations research project
- develop skills in self evaluation and peer critique
- develop skills in critical thinking and problem solving through a pharmacy practice-related problem analysis
Mike Dorsch
Haojie Zhu
PharmD Research Project
- formulate a research question relevant to pharmacy, pharmaceutical science, medicinal chemistry or biomedical
sciences
- conduct a comprehensive literature search surrounding a research question
- develop a written research proposal that includes the methods by which the research question will be analyzed
- collect and analyze data to answer the research question
- interpret data and draw appropriate conclusions about the data
- articulate research findings in a well-written manuscript
- construct and present research findings in an appropriate venue (e.g., poster presentation)
12
Updated September 2014
University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
PharmD Curriculum - Summary by Course Series or Curricular Thread
Experiential
Multi-year
P511
Life Long Learning
Peggy Carver
Life-Long Learning
- professional development
- commitment to self-improvement
- accountability for one's learning and commitment to excellence
P1
Fall or
Winter
P503
Service Learning
Nancy Mason
Interdisciplinary Service (includes community service)
Cultural sensitivity:
- sensitivity and responsiveness to culture, race/ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation,
spirituality, disabilities and other aspects of diversity and identity when interacting with patients and other health
professionals
Public health:
- health barriers (economic, social, environmental) that contribute to health disparities
Civic engagement:
- understand what it means to be a citizen in a democratic society
P2
Fall or
Winter
P603
Community IPPE
Paul Walker
Experiential Practice in Community Pharmacy
- connect didactic learning to experiential practice in the community setting
- hands-on experience with dispensing medications, drug therapy assessments, patient counseling, and communicating
with healthcare providers
P3
Fall or
Winter
P703
Institutional IPPE
Paul Walker
Experiential Practice in Health System/Hospital Pharmacy
- connect didactic learning to experiential practice in the hospital/health system setting
- introduction to patient care activities (taking medication histories, medication reconciliation, solving medication
problems in conjunction with other healthcare providers, etc)
P687P695
APPE Rotations
Paul Walker
Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences
- 5-week rotations (minimum of 8 rotations, up to 9 allowed) of supervised pharmacy practice
- rotations are required in community, health system/hospital inpatient care, ambulatory care, drug information and
nontraditional practice settings
P4
13
Updated September 2014