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The Endangered Species 1973 (ESA) • National law Amendments made in 1982, 1985, and 1988 • The objective of this Act was to provide protection for endangered/threatened species. • This Act replaced the endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969. • 1982 amendment: the status (endangered, threatened) was based ONLY on biological info. • 1985 amendment: programs were developed ensure that mandatory birds and plants were protected. • 1988 amendment: requires monitoring for candidate and recovered species. Made recovery plans public. Gave more protection for endangered plants. • The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) share the responsibility for this Act. • NMFS mainly deals with marine life. • The USFWS mainly deals with the land and freshwater life.