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Name ______________________________ Date ____________________ Period _____
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
UNIT 2, SECTION 5
I.
SECTION OVERVIEW
-The ________ Ages (medieval period) lasted from about 500-mid-1400s.
-The fall of ________ left Western Europe without any unifying government.
-_______________ and _______________ emerged, in which power was with the
_________ lords and not the central government.
-The ______________ Church emerged as a unifying force and had great
influence over ____________ and ________ life.
II.
KEY THEMES, CONCEPTS, PEOPLE, AND TERMS
1. Medieval- _____________________________________________
2. Charlemagne- __________________________________________
3. Chivalry- _____________________________________________
4. Manorialism- __________________________________________
5. Serf- _________________________________________________
6. Secular- ______________________________________________
7. Excommunicate- _______________________________________
8. Pope Innocent III- ______________________________________
9. Monastery- ____________________________________________
10. Anti-Semitism- _________________________________________
11. Gothic- _______________________________________________
III.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING
A. Location
B. Resources
1. FORESTS AND FERTILE SOIL—Europe has many valuable resources,
including dense forests, with valuable ________ and areas with fertile soil
suited for raising crops.
2. SEAS AND RIVERS—The ______ and _______ that surround Europe
were also important resources, such as fishing, trade and transportation.
IV.
THE FRANKISH EMPIRE
A. The Rise of the Franks
1. 400-700, warrior tribes divided Europe and fought for control of various
territories.
2. The ______ emerged as the most powerful and successful tribe.
3. 400s—________ became king of the ________, he is best known for his
conversion to ____________________ (this gave him an ally in the
Christian Church).
B. Battle of Tours
1. __________ moved into Spain. They tried to advance into
____________.
2. 732—The Battle of ________—the _______ defeated a Muslim army.
This stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
C. Charlemagne
1. 800s—Charlemagne, a Frankish king, built an empire that stretched
across modern-day _______, Germany and part of Italy.
a. Answer the question on page 91 “Preparing for the Regents.”
1. ___________________
___________________
2. ___________________ ___________________
2. COOPERATION WITH THE CHURCH—800, Pope Leo III called for
help against rebellious nobles in Rome. __________ helped to defeated
them.
a. To show his thanks on 12-25-800 _______________ was crowned
“________________________”—the created the Holy Roman
Empire.
b. This helped revive the ideal of a united ___________church and
empire.
3. GOVERNMENT—he appointed ________ to rule local areas, gave them
land, in return to help with the ____________ of the empire.
4. LEARNING—He encouraged ____________. He also set up
_____________ where scholars copied __________ texts, including the
________, written in _________.
a. ________ TRUE OR FALSE. Latin was the official language of the
Roman Catholic Church.
5. END OF CHARLEMAGNE”S REIGN—he died in 814, the empire
quickly fell apart. He had a lasting influence of a _________ government
served as a model for future medieval rulers.
V.
FEUDALISM AND MANORIALISM
A. Medieval Society
1. Everyone has a well-defined place in medieval society.
2. There was little chance of __________ up in class.
3. The elite class of _________ controlled the _______ and ________.
B. Feudalism
1. FEUDAL RESPONSIBILITIES
a. ____________ was a ___________ structured political system in
which powerful ________ owned large sections of land. (It is a
_______ central government).
2. KNIGHTHOOD
a. Many ______ trained to be knights due to continual warfare.
b. They were bound by a code of conduct called ___________, in which
they had to be ________, ________, and true to their word.
3. ROLE OF NOBLEWOMEN
a. Women played an ________ role—she was responsible for all
household affairs, including raising of the children.
C. Manorialism
1. The basis for the medieval economy was ______________, an economic
system structured around a lord’s ________.
2. PEASANTS AND LORDS—most __________ who lived on the estate
were ________ (they were not _______, but were bound to the
________).
3. MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITIES—_______ farmed the lord’s land and
did other work; in return the lord gave them use of several acres of land to
_______.
4. HARSH LIFE FOR PEASANTS—it was difficult. They worked long
hours; few lived past the age of ____. They were held together by
________________.
VI.
THE CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL LIFE
-During the Middle Ages two churches emerged—the __________ Orthodox and
the _________ Catholic.
-The ____________________ Church provided religious leadership as well as
________. It also revived and preserved _____________.
A. Church Hierarchy
1. The head of the Church was the ________.
2. For peasants and town dwellers, ____________ life was closely tied to
local priests and the village church.
B. Spiritual Role of the Church
1. The main responsibility of the Church was to __________ the spiritual
needs of medieval society.
C. Secular Role of the Church
1. ECONOMIC POWER—The Church was the largest ________ in Europe,
meaning it had great economic power. The Church also gained wealth
through the _________, Church tax.
2. POLITICAL POWER—The Church had its own set of laws, called
_________ law. The Church claimed authority over __________ rulers.
However, this did not always occur leading to frequent _________
struggles between the _______ in Rome and various _________ and
emperors.
a. Sometimes the _______ would _____________ (throw out) kings who
challenged papal power. (ex. Pope _______ III).
D. Monastic Orders
1. Some men and women became monks or nuns, leaving ______
possessions and devoting themselves to ______.
2. They took vows of __________ and _____________ and
_____________.
3. They also helped fill social needs of tending to the _______, helping the
poor, and ____________ children.
4. CENTERS OF LEARNING—they preserved __________ writings by
copying ancient texts.
5. MISSIONARY WORK—some risked their lives to _______ the message
of _______________.
E. Women and the Church
1. The Church taught that women and men were _______ in the sight of
_______.
2. On Earth, however, _________ were supposed to be subservient (serve)
to _______.
VII.
JEWS IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE
-Jews in ________ Spain and northern areas of Europe were _______
-Most ______________ persecuted Jews. The Church said that Jews could not
own ________ or do certain jobs.
-Many Christians still blamed Jews for the death of ___________.
-This led to the foundations of __________________, which is
________________________.
-This eventually led many Jews to migrate to __________ Europe.
VIII. MEDIEVAL CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS
-Early medieval times saw ______ cultural achievement because most people
were concerned with ______________ themselves.
-Toward the end of the _________ Ages society became more ______ and made
cultural gains in Literature, Art, and Architecture.
A. Literature
1. The language of the scholars was __________, but at this point new
stories and writings began to appear in _____________ languages of the
people (this is vernacular).
2. Stories included the works of _______and lords.
3. Examples included works by __________ and ____________.
B. Architecture and Art
1. It focused on _____________ God. Almost all artistic achievements were
a reflection of the power of the _________.
2. Due to increased ________ more _________ and townspeople began
contributing to art and architecture.
3. ROMAN INFLUENCES—1000—towns began building _____ that
reflected the influence of ________ (with _______ supporting walls and
________ and small slits for windows).
4. THE GOTHIC TRADITION—1100---much different than _________
style in that they seemed to soar ___________.
-It was characterized by __________ arches and ___________ buttresses,
stone supports that stood outside the building. This allowed for huge
____________ windows (which often showed biblical stories designed to
___________ the illiterate people of medieval Europe).
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
Page 101-105
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