Download MS Word - CL Davis

Gross Morbid Anatomy of Cattle
C. L. Davis Foundation’s “Gross Morbid Anatomy of Diseases of Animals”April 2005, AFIP, Washington, DC.
Fabio Del Piero, DVM, Dipl. ACVP, PhD, Associate Professor of Pathology
Departments of Pathobiology and Clinical Studies New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Pennsylvania
Tel.: ** 610-925-6210; Fax: ** 610-925-8110;
E-mail: [email protected]
Organ
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Pathogenesis, comments
LEUKON and ERYTHRON
Spleen
Bacterial emboli:
Arcanobacterium pyogenes,
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Thrombosis and infarction
Abscesses
Thrombosis and infarction
From ruminitis, traumatic
(hardware) reticulitis,
pododermatitis.
From abomasal displacement.
Lymphoma
Bovine leukosis retrovirus
BVDV
Lymphoma
DD: Myeloproliferative disease.
reactive
DD: infectious diseases
Lymphoma
Bone marrow
Lymphoma
Bovine leukosis retrovirus
Juvenile (non viral)
lymphoma
Emaciation
Multiple organs
Clostridium haemolyticum
Hemoglobin staining
(hemolysis)
Multiple organs
Thrombocytopenic BVDV-2
Hemorrhagic diathesis
Oral cavity
Palatoschisis (cleft palate)
Palatoschisis (cleft palate)
Oral cavity
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Erosive and ulcerative
stomatitis
Oral cavity
Tongue
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Actinobacillus lignieresi
Necrotizing stomatitis
Fibrosing pyogranulomatous
glossitis
Organisms inoculated by forage
within the lingual fossa.
Esophagus
Esophagus
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Malignant catarrhal fever
herpesviruses
Papillomatosis
Papillomavirus
Gongylonemiasis
Gongylonema pulchrum
Erosive esophagitis
Erosive esophagitis
DD: Rinderpest, MCF.
DD: BVDV, rinderpest.
Papillomas
Obstruction in very rare cases.
Gongylonemiasis
Frequent incidental finding.
Forestomachs
Vagal indigestion
Impaction
Hoflund syndromes due to vagal
lesions
Rumen
Rumen
Overeating disease
Toxic ruminitis secondary to
overeating
Grain overload
Ulcerative and necrotizing (full
thickness) ruminitis
Spleen
Spleen
Lymph node
Tonsil
Lymph nodes
Thymus
Lymphoma
DD : Bovine leukosis retrovirus
Serous atrophy of fat
Chronic diseases (TB, Johne’ ds,
neoplasia), malnutrition,
maldentition.
DD: Alliaceae; Babesia bovis,
Anaplasma marginale.
DD: Nitrofurazone, vit K
antagonists.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Esophagus
Esophagus
Sometimes cheilo-palatoschisis.
Secondary milk inhalation
pneumonia.
DD: Rinderpest; vesicular
stomatitis, FMD, MCF,
bluetongue; Hg.
Grain, apples, lowering pH
feedstuffs. Bacterial emboli to
the liver  multiple abscesses
(A. pyogenes, Fusobacterium
Organ
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Pathogenesis, comments
necrophorum).
Rumen
Necrobacillosis
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Mycotic ruminitis
Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp.,
other Zygomycetes
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Bovine pestivirus
Coagulative necrosis
Necrohemorrhagic
(thrombotic) multifocal
omasitis, ruminitis
Erosive omasitis
Ulcers
Sometimes predisposed by
BVDV, especially during
BVDV-MD.
DD: rinderpest, MCF.
DD: rinderpest, FMD;
mycotoxins (T2).
Focal necrotizing reticulitis
Trichobezoars
Metal foreign body (9-13 cm)
with bent end by baling machine.
Veal calves licking each other.
Paramphistomum cervi
Larvae are hematophagic.
Necrotizing
(necrohemorrhagic) abomasitis
with perforation
“braxy”
Abomasum
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
(hardware disease)
Ruminal endogenous foreign
body
Paramphistomiasis
Paramphistomum cervi
*Clostridium spp., Gram
negative bacteria, Sarcina
spp., Candida spp., Mucor
spp. (combinations of the
above).
Multiple ulcers
Multiple ulcers
Abomasum
Perforating ulcer
Perforating ulcer
Abomasum
Rupture
Rupture
Abomasum
Multifocal mucosal
hyperplasia
Lymphoma
Multifocal mucosal
hyperplasia
Lymphoma
Stress, nutritional,
displacements, infectious agents
above* and BVDV.
Stress, nutritional,
displacements, infectious agents
above*.
Rare (2 in 5 years), secondary to
displacements.
Secondary to ulcer repair?
Enteritis
Large intestine
Escherichia coli, Salmonella
enterica, rotavirus,
coronavirus, parvovirus,
pestivirus, Cryptosporidium
parvum, Eimeria bovis and
zűrni.
Salmonellosis
Salmonella enterica
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Cecum
Rinderpest morbillivirus
Intestine
Intestine
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Forestomachs
Omasum
Rumen
Reticulum
Rumen, abomasum
Rumen
Abomasum
Abomasum
Small intestine
Small intestine
Rectum
Ileocecal valve
Small intestine
Johne disease
(paratuberculosis)
Mycobacterium avium
paratuberculosis.
Jejunal hemorrhagic
syndrome
Very common location as well as
heart, uterus and lymphoid
organs.
Sometimes combination of
agents.
Fibrinous and necrotizing
(diphtheritic) enteritis
Fibrinous and necrotizing
(diphtheritic) typhlitis
Fibrinous and necrotizing
(diphtheritic) typhlitis
DD: BVDV-MD, Salmonella +
BVDV, rinderpest.
DD: BVDV-MD, Salmonella
+BVDV, rinderpest.
DD: BVDV-MD, Salmonella
+BVDV, rinderpest.
Intraluminal fibrin cast
Necrotizing enterotyphlocolitis
with Payer’s patch necrosis
As above.
DD: Rinderpest, salmonellosis.
Linear acute hemorrhages
Any cause, including BVD;
artifact.
Also lymphadenitis,
lymphangitis, hepatitis.
Granulomatous
enterotyphlocolitis
Intraluminal acute hemorrhage
2
Possible etiologies: Clostridium
spp. +/- diet changes. Still
unknown.
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Intestine
Organ
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Caseous ulcerative enteritis
Spiral colon
Fat necrosis
Fat necrosis
Rectum
Rectal tear
Rectal tear
Small intestine
Taeniasis
Monietia spp.
Intestinal ascaridiasis
Toxocara vitulorum
Trichuriasis
(Trichocephaliasis)
Trichuris discolor
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma
Catarrhal typhlitis
Small intestine
Cecum
Intestine
Intestine
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma
Mesenteric cyst – Glisson’s
capsule cyst
Ventral mesenteric cyst
Focal lipidosis related to
fibrous adhesion blood vessel
Liver
Diaphragm
Liver
Liver
Liver
Telangiectasia
Lipidosis, cholestasis and gall
bladder dilatation
Liver
Systemic passive congestion
Congestion and diffuse
fibrosis.
Liver (calf)
Systemic passive congestion
secondary to Neospora
myocarditis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity
Crotalaria, Senecium,
Cynoglossum, Heliotropium,
Echium,, Amsinckia,
Symphytum
Congestion and diffuse fibrosis
Liver
Livers
Diffuse severe panlobular
fibrosis (cirrhosis)
1) Normal
2) Nutmeg
3) Fibrosing cholangitis
Multifocal necrosis
Liver
Salmonellosis
Salmonella enterica
Liver
Arcanobacterium pyogenes,
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Multiple abscesses
Liver
Bacteria
Liver
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Umbilical and hepatic
abscesses (Suppurative
omphalitis and hepatitis)
Biliary caseous cholangitis
3
Pathogenesis, comments
Trauma, congenital (Guernsey,
Jersey), ketosis (a total of 15
possible causes).
Dorsal, due to rectal palpation or
malicious; obstructions.
DD: Lymphoma.
Congenital; often observed in
cloned calves.
Fibrous adhesion with blood
vessel  traction  focal mild
ischemia  focal lipidosis.
Older cows; estrogen related?
DD: ketosis, endometritis and
other infections with
endotoxemia; fat cow syndrome.
DD: Cardiac (malformation,
myocarditis [Neospora], necrosis
(bacteria, viruses, ionophores);
Pulmonary (pneumonia,
thrombosis).
DD: see above.
Cytopathic effect and mitosis
inhibition causing hepatic portal
fibrosis with bile duct
hyperplasia and megalocytes.
Photosensitivity dermatitis.
DD # 3: Fascioliasis, calculi.
DD: BHV-1 (gray foci), Listeria
monocytogenes, other Gramnegative bacteria; autolysis.
Ruminitis  portal bacterial
emboli  hepatic abscesses 
rupture in vena cava  1) no
consequences 2) vegetative
endocarditis, lung abscess 
possible erosion of blood vessels
 exsanguination 3) sudden
death due to septic shock.
DD: E. coli, Salmonella, A.
pyogenes, others; often right side
involvement following the veins.
Organ
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Peritoneum
Septic peritonitis
Fibrinous peritonitis
Peritoneum
Emaciation
Serous atrophy of fat
Peritoneum
Fat necrosis
Lymphoma
Carcinomatosis
Pathogenesis, comments
Ruptures and perforations with
sepsis; septicemia.
Malnutrition; chronic diseases;
maldentition.
Trauma, congenital (Guernsey,
Jersey), ketosis (a total of 15
possible causes).
Mesentery
Peritoneum
Lymphoma
Carcinomatosis
Muzzle
Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitits
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Ovine Herpesvirus-2
Erosive mucocutaneous
dermatitis and gingivitis (and
rhinitis)
Erosive mucocutaneous
dermatitis and gingivitis (and
rhinitis)
Cystic glands
DD: BVDV, MCF, rinderpest,
bluetongue.
Larynx
Haemophilus somnus
Ulcer
Ulcer  Entry of infection.
Larynx-pharynx
Balling gun injury
Necrotizing pharyngitis and
laryngitis with intralesional
exogenous foreign body (boli)
Trachea
Mycotic tracheitis
Multifocal necrohemorrhagic
tracheitis
Trachea
Infectious Bovine
Rhinotracheitis
Bovine herpesvirus 1 and
secondary bacteria
Fibrinonecrotic tracheitis
From uterine or intestinal
adenocarcinoma.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Muzzle
Sinuses
Lungs
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Rib cage
Lung
Pneumonic pasteurellosis
(shipping fever)
Pasteurella multocida
Pneumonic “mannheimiosis”
(shipping fever)
Mannheimia
haemolytica
Pneumonic pasteurellosis
(shipping fever)
Pasteurella multocida
DD: BVDV, BHV-1, rinderpest,
bluetongue.
Secondary to BVDV-MD.
Anemia and interstitial
emphysema
Cranioventral (suppurative)
bronchopneumonia
Exsanguination and agonal
respiratory distress. Common.
DD: Mannheimia haemolytica;
Haemophilus spp.
Cranioventral (suppurative)
hemorrhagic
bronchopneumonia
DD: Pasteurella multocida,
thrombocytopenic BVDV-2.
Chronic suppurative
bronchopneumonia with
bronchiectasis and abscesses
DD: Pasteurella multocida,
Mannheimia haemolytica,
Haemophilus spp.,
Arcanobacterium pyogenes.
DD: Parainfluenza 3 virus (little
pathogenic), BVDV.
DD: Mannheimia haemolytica;
Haemophilus spp. Possible
severe pleuritis with bacterial
thoracic empyema.
DD: Mannheimia haemolytica;
Haemophilus spp, A. pyogenes.
DD: Mannheimia haemolytica;
Haemophilus spp, A. pyogenes.
PPLO = pleuropneumonia-like
organisms.
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial
Pneumovirus
Pneumonic pasteurellosis
(shipping fever)
Pasteurella multocida
Bronchointerstitial pneumonia
Pasteurellosis
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurellosis
Pasteurella multocida
Contagious Bovine
Pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.
Fibrinous pleuritis
Cranioventral hemorrhagic and
necrotizing pneumonia
(sequestrum formation)
Fibrinous pleuritis and
abscesses
Necrosuppurative and
fibrinous broncho-pnemonia
with pleuritis (and interstitial
4
Organ
Etiology/Disease
mycoides small colony type
(PPLO)
Gross Diagnosis
Lung
edema with lymphatic
thrombosis)
As above with renal infarcts
(containing PPLO)
Abscess
Pulmonary artery rupture and
hemorrhage
(Septic) thrombus
Lung
Focal gangrenous pneumonia
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Lung
Trachea and bronchi
Bronchial lymph nodes
and lung
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Inhalation (ab ingestis)
pneumonia
Mycotic pneumonia
Aspergillus spp. Rhyzopus,
others Zygomycetes;
Proliferative pneumonia
Secondary to bacterial and/or
viral pneumonia
Allergic pneumonia
Micropolyspora faeni
Diffuse pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Lymphoma
Caseous pneumonia with
cavitations
Catarrhal tracheobronchitis
Lymphoma
Multifocal necrotizing
pneumonia
Proliferative pneumonia
Proliferative (eosinophilic and
lymphoplasmacytic)pneumonia
Pathogenesis, comments
Secondary to vegetative septic
endocarditis.
Secondary to septic thrombus
DD: Inhalation (ab ingestis)
pneumonia.
Iatrogenic (stomach tube).
Rarely predisposed by
leukopenic salmonellosis and/or
BVDV.
DD: Tryptophan (3-metyl
indole), moldy sweet potatoes,
perilla mint; ascarid migration.
Bovine equivalent of farmer’s
lung. DD: Toxocara vitulorum
migration, Hypoderma spp.
larvae migration.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Heart
Heart
Emaciation
Serous atrophy of fat
Epicardial granulation tissue
Heart valves
Serous lymphatic cyst
Heart valve
Hematic vascular cyst
Heart
Incomplete subaortic stenotic
fibrotic ring
Heart
Tetralogy of Fallot
Heart
Interventricular septal defect
Heart
Interventricular septal defect
and abscesses
Vegetative valvular (septic)
endocarditis
Heart valve
Heart
Epicardial-pericardial serosal
friction. Frequent incidental
finding.
Segmental closure of lymphatic
circulation. Increasing in number
with age.
Segmental closure of blood
vessels. Increasing in number
with age, sometimes present at
birth.
Congenital. DD: jet fibrotic
lesion secondary to valvular
dysplasia.
Traumatic septic pericarditis
Hardware disease
Fibrinous epicarditis and
pericarditis
5
Common, often compatible with
life.
Valvular dysplasia  bacteremia
(foot abscess, mastitis, etc.) 
fibrin thrombi  bacterial
proliferation  VVE  emboli
to lung (RV), emboli to kidney
and other sites (LV).
DD: septicemia in calves (rare).
Organ
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Heart
Heart
Fibrosing dilatative
cardiomyopathy
Lymphoma
Lymphoma
Jugular vein
(Septic) thrombosis
Large splanchnic vein
Thrombosis
Pulmonary artery
Rupture with acute
hemorrhage
Uterine artery
Ruminal artery
Vena cava
Suppurative perforation of
adjacent abscess
Aorta
Johne’s disease
(paratuberculosis)
Mineralization
Skeletal muscle
White muscle disease
(Enzootic myopathy)
Vit. E and Se responsive
disease
Necrosis and mineralization
Skeletal muscle
Black leg
Clostridium chauvoei
Gangrenous myositis
Pathogenesis, comments
Genetic. Brown Swiss, Japanese
black cattle, Angus, SimmenthalHolstein, Holstein.
Especially on the right side;
frequent location as well as
abomasum, lymphoid organs and
uterus.
Venipuncture with
bacteremia/septicemia. Lung
embolism  abscesses,
gangrenous pneumonia.
Sepsis (A.pyogenes); abomasal
displacements.
Vascular dysplasia (aneurism,
dysgenesis of elastic fibers
[copper deficiency, lathyrism]).
May occur in small epizootics.
Consequences: 1) none 2) septic
shock 3) vegetative endocarditis
4) lung abscesses.
Sporadic, cause unknown. DD:
Vitamin D poisoning: Cestrum
diurnum, Solanum malacoxylon,
Trisetum flavescens).
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Coccygeal mm.
Skeletal muscle
Caudal ascending gangrenous
myositis
Also heart and tongue. DD: toxic
plants Vitamin D poisoning:
Cestrum diurnum, Solanum
malacoxylon, Trisetum
flavescens).
Compression necrosis
(compartmental syndrome).
Spores in the muscle  trauma
(other)  proliferation  toxins
 vascular necrosis 
hemorrhage ischemia and
necrosis. DD: Malignant edema
(Cl. septicum),
Docking  secondary bacterial
infection.
Cysticercosis
Cysticercus bovis (larva of
Taenia saginata)
URINARY SYSTEM
Kidney
Kidney
Kidney
Kidney
Kidney
Kidney
Kidneys
Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation
Bacillary hemoglobinuria
Clostridium haemolyticum.
Babesiosis,
Babesia bovis
Unilateral agenesis,
hydronephrosis and
hydroureter
Multifocal (ischemic) necrosis
Congenital (compatible with a
couple of years of life).
Pigmentary (hemoglobinuric)
tubular necrosis
Pigmentary (hemoglobinuric)
tubular necrosis.
DD: Babesiosis, anaplasmosis;
myoglobinuria due to myopathy.
DD: Anaplasma marginale,
Clostridium haemolyticum;
myoglobinuria due to myopathy.
DD: Theileria parva, Leptospira.
“White Spotted Kidney”
Gram negative bacteria
Multifocal (interstitial
lymphocytic) nephritis
Corynebacterium renale
Lipidosis, infarct, cysts
Bilateral pyelonephritis
6
Organ
Kidney
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Lymphoma
Lymphoma
Lymphoma
A. pyogenes
Pteridium aquilinum
(Bracken fern) and
papillomavirus
Granulomatous nephritis
Lymphoma
Lymphoma
Lymphoma
Abscess
Adenocarcinoma
Pathogenesis, comments
Also granuloma  blood vessel
obstruction  infarct.
DD: C. renale.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Calf
Chondrodysplasia
(Bulldog calf)
Carpus
Joint
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Tibia
Jaw
Ribs
Actinomyces bovis
(“lumpy jaw”)
Ca:P imbalance
Vertebrae
Metatarsus
Degenerative joint disease
Metatarsus
Ribs (calf)
Skull
Dwarfism
Cerebellum
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Suppurative arthritis
Fibrinosuppurative
osteoarthritis
Necrotizing physeal chondritisosteomyelitis
Chronic pyogranulomatoous
osteolytic osteomyelitis
Linear osteodystrophy
(osteodystrophic lines)
Spondilosis
(Degenerative)
osteoarthropathy (with
subcondral eburnation)
Metaphyseal fracture
Multiple chronic fractures with
calluses
Dysplastic cranial parietal
bones
Severe inherited ossification
defect with cartilage persistence.
Secondary to septicemia DD:
Mycoplasma spp. (clearer fluid).
Dystocia.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Cerebellum
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brain
Brainstem
Pituitary gland
Brain
Pachymeninges
Nerve
Eye
Thiamine (Vit B1) deficiency
Dysplasia –hypoplasia –aplasia
Edema with caudal
displacement (occipital
herniation) and coning
Cerebrocortical
polioenecephalomalacia
Thrombotic
meningoencephalitis (TME)
Haemophilus somnus.
Escherichia coli
Multifocal necrosuppurative
thrombotic
meningoencephalitis
Fibrinosuppurative meningitis
Listeriosis
Listeria monocytogenes
Malacia (necrosuppurative
meningorhombencephalitis)
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Abscess
Lymphoma
Schwannomatosis
(former neurofibromatosis)
Bacteria
Lymphoma
Schwannoma
Hypopion (anterior chamber
fibrinosuppurative
ophthalmitis)
7
DD: Bluetongue, Bunyaviruses
(Akabane, Aino).
Vit B1 cofactor in oxaloacetate
metabolism in Krebs cycle.
Causes: Ruminal Bacillus
thiaminolyticus, ruminal sulfates,
poor diet.
Wood’s lamp identification.
Also septicemia, pneumonia,
abortion, polyarthritis, tracheal
ulcers.
DD: A. pyogenes, other Gram
negative bacteria; secondary to
septicemia.
Organ
Eye
Conjunctiva
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Dehydration
Conjunctivitis
BHV-1
Cornea
Cornea – 3rd eyelid
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Keratitis with opacity
Squamous cell carcinoma
Eye
BVDV
Microphthalmia
Pathogenesis, comments
DD: MCF, rinderpest,
bluetongue, Moraxella bovis,
Chlamydophila.
Micropthalmia with retinal
dysplasia
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Ovary
Granulosa cell tumor
Uterus
Uterus
Torsion of pregnant uterus
Necrotizing endometritis
Uterus
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Tritrichomoniasis
Tritrichomonas foetus
Uterus
Uterus
Uterus
Uterus
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Uterus
Uterus
Lymphoma
Pyometra
Retained placenta with
suppurative endometritis
Retained placenta with exudate
concretions
Adventitial placentation with
caruncle hypoplasia
Caseous (granulomatous)
metritis
Adenocarcinoma
DD: E. coli, other gram negative
and gram positive bacteria;
opportunistic BHV-4.
DD: A. pyogenes.
Secondary to endometrial
necrosis.
Also salpingitis
Rapidly metastasizes to the
lungs; small size, well
differentiated or anaplastic.
Lymphoma
Vagina
Ulcerative vaginitis
Parturition trauma (dystocia).
PLACENTA and FETUS
Bovine placenta
Allantoic calculus
(“boomane”)
Amnion
Normal
Amniotic plaques
Fetus
Schistosomus reflexus
Brain
Brain
Multifocal epithelial
hyperplasia
Schistosomus reflexus
Incidental finding.
Teratogenic viruses
Porencephaly
Hydranencephaly
Cerebellum
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Fetus
Bovine pestivirus
Dysplasia –Hypoplasia –
Aplasia
Multiple malformations
DD: Bluetongue orbivirus,
BVDV, Bunyaviruses (Akabane,
Aino)
DD: Bluetongue, bunyaviruses
(Akabane, Aino).
DD: Bluetongue, bunyaviruses
(Akabane, Aino), Veratrum
californicum (false ellebore).
DD: BVDV, Bunyaviruses
(Akabane, Aino), Veratrum
californicum (false ellebore).
Soft caramel candy exudate. DD:
Campylobacter spp.
Head
Chorioallantois
Brucellosis
Brucella abortus
Fetus
Fetus
Escherichia coli
Necrosuppurative (and
granulomatous) chorionitis
Polyserositis and
hepatomegaly (granulomatous
hepatitis)
Polyserositis
8
DD: Brucella.
Organ
Chorioallatois
Fetus
Fetus
Fetus
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
Pathogenesis, comments
Chlamydiosis
(Enzootic abortion)
Chlamydophila abortus
Epizootic abortion
Borrelia spp.
Chronic necrosuppurative
chorionitis
DD: Brucella, Campylobacter,
Bacillus.
Granulomatous (hepatitis) and
lymphadenitis
Transmitted by Ornithodorus
tick. DD: Chlamydophila
abortus. Chlamydiaceae were
previously suspected as a
possible cause of this abortion.
Mycotic abortion
Neosporosis
Neospora caninum
Hyperkeratotic dermatitis
Anasarca
Heart and liver
DD: Viruses.
Myocarditis and hepatic
congestion and fibrosis
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Tunica vaginalis
Testis
Glans penis
Glans penis
Mesothelioma
Bacterial orchitis and
epididimitis
Papillomavirus
Suppurative orchitis
Sporadic in young bulls.
Progressive growth toward the
peritoneal serosa.
DD: Actinobacillus seminis,
Brucella spp.
Fibropapilloma
Persistent frenulum
SKIN
Skin
Mammary skin
Foot
Herpetic mammillitis Bovine
herpesvirus 3. (BHV-3)
Bovine pestivirus (BVDV)
Foot
Scrotum
Malignant catarrhal fever
herpesvirus (AlHV1; OHV-2)
Foot
Acute laminitis
Skin
Mycotic dermatitis
Trichophyton spp.,
Microsporum spp.
Cutaneous myiasis
(Hypodermosis)
Hypoderma bovis
Lymphoma
Mast cell tumor
Schwannomatosis
(former neurofibromatosis)
Mycobacterium avium
complex
Frost bite
Skin
Skin
Skin
Skin
Skin
Skin
Leukotrichia
Ulcerative mammary
dermatitis
Interdigital erosive and
ulcerative dermatitis
Chronic erosive and ulcerative
dermatitis and coronitis.
Chronic erosive and ulcerative
scrotal dermatitis
Keratogenic laminar necrosis
and detachment (with third
phalanx sinking and/ or
rotation)
Trauma ?
DD: Bluetongue, FMD, parapox.
DD: MCF, rinderpest, FMD,
bacteria.
DD: BVDV, bluetongue, FMD,
rinderpest, caustic poisons
(NaOH).
Endotoxemia, pneumonia,
endogenous and iatrogenic
corticosteroids, fever, plant
alkaloids. 1) vasconstriction or
thrombosis with ischemic
necrosis 2) increased perfusion
with activation of metalloproteinases.
Multifocal pyogranulomatous
dermatitis
Eosinophilic dermatitis.
Lymphoma
Mast cell tumor
Schwannoma
Caseous granulomatous
dermatitis
Gangrenous dermatitis
9
DD: Lymphoma
DD: TB (M.bovis)
DD: ergot poisoning, septicemia
Organ
Mammary gland
Etiology/Disease
Gross Diagnosis
MAMMARY GLAND
Streptococcus uberis
Acute and subacute mastitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Focal mastitis with dermal
gangrene
Gangrenous mastitis
Necrosuppurative mastitis
Mycotic mastitis
10
Pathogenesis, comments
DD: A. pyogenes, Mycoplasma,
E.coli, Nocardia, fungus.