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1.1 Cell Structure
Eukaryotic- A cell which has a nucleus. Animal, plant, fungi and protoctista.
Prokaryotic- A cell which has no nucleus, only a single loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm. Bacteria.
Cell membrane- A part of the cell which controls what enters and exits the cell.
Cytoplasm- A part of the cell where chemical reactions take place.
Nucleus- A part of the cell which controls it. It contains DNA.
Cell wall- Found outside of the cell membrane and supports the cell.
Single DNA loop- Single strand of DNA found in prokaryotic cells e.g bacteria.
Plasmids- Small rings of DNa found in prokaryotic cells.
Mitochondria- A part of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. Found in eukaryotic cells.
Ribosomes- A part of all cells where protein is made.
Chloroplasts- A part of a plant cell which contains chlorophyll, the light absorbing pigment used in photosynthesis.
Permanent vacuole- Store of cell sap in plant cells.
Differentiation- The process where a cell becomes specialized to perform a particular function. Certain genes have
been turned on/off to enable an unspecialized cell to become specialized.
Specialised- Where a cell has differentiated and become a particular type of cell to perform a specific function. E.g
root hair cell, sperm cell.
Electron microscope- A microscope which uses electrons to visualize specimens. Electrons have a short wavelength
which provides a high resolution, enabling you to see internal structures of a cell in detail.
Light microscope- A microscope which uses light energy to visualize specimens. Light has a longer wavelength
therefore provides a lower resolution than electron microscopes. They are therefore cheaper.
Magnification-The process of enlarging a specimen.
Resolution- The ability to distinguish two points that are extremely close together. The higher the resolution, the
clearer the image will be.
Binary fission- The process of asexual reproduction in bacteria, where the parent cell splits and divides into two
identical cells.
Mean division time- The time it takes for bacteria to reproduce by binary fission. This is usually 20 minutes.
Uncontaminated- No dirt, or living organisms have entered. It is sterile.
Disinfectant- Kills living organisms.
Antibiotics- Kill bacteria.
Aseptic- The sterile technique used to minimize contamination of dirt or living organisms.
Accurate- A measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value.
Repeatable- A measurement is repeatable if the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method
and equipment and obtains the same results. Previously known as reliable.