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3/22/13 Chapter 19; An Age of
Exploration 1400-1800
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Renaissance encouraged adventure and curiosity
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Explore the world around them
Changes the WORLD
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Europeans Explore the East
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Renaissance encouraged adventure and curiosity
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Explore the world around them
Changes the WORLD
“God, Glory and Gold”
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God = Spreading Christianity and convert non Christians throughout the
world. Missionaries will go to all corners of the world to do that.
n  Crusades made Europeans to continue the fight with Muslims.
Glory = New lands brought wealth, but also new trade routes would make
you famous, as well as wealthy.
Gold = new source of wealth was the main reason for European
exploration. Besides gold, huge profits could be reached in trading spices,
(nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper)
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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This craving for these goods brought opportunities, however the
Italians controlled trade from East to West and they were cutting into
the profits, so……
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Bypass the Italian merchants and more profit for you
Sea route directly to Asia would eliminate the Italians and Muslims who
controlled Constantinople.
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Europeans Explore the East
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Technology changes everything
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Problem had been sailing into the wind, by 1400’s a new vessel, the caravel
was invented. Triangular sails adopted from the Asians allowed you to sail
against the wind.
Astrolabe, determines your location at sea (Muslims perfected this)
Sextant, replaces the astrolabe in the mid 1700’s (measured the height of
the stars above the horizon to determine latitude and longitude.
Magnetic compass- more accurately track direction- Chinese invention!
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Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Portugal, Spain, English, Dutch & French all join in the exploration
race
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Europeans Explore the East
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Portugal Leads the Way
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Leader in sailing innovations
Explore along west coast of Africa
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Eventually push farther into Indian Ocean
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Portugal Leads the Way
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Leader in sailing innovations
Explore along west coast of Africa
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Eventually push farther into Indian Ocean
Prince Henry – Son of Portugal’s king, supported overseas
exploration, which helps Portugal lead. 1419
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Capture Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa and see wealth that lay
beyond Europe.
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Europeans Explore the East
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Portugal Leads the Way
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Leader in sailing innovations
Explore along west coast of Africa
n  Eventually push farther into Indian Ocean
Prince Henry – Son of Portugal’s king, supported overseas exploration,
which helps Portugal lead. 1419
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Capture Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa and see wealth that lay
beyond Europe.
n  Wants to reach the source of these riches (spices)
n  Wants to spread Christian faith as well.
n  Founded navigation school (mapmakers, instrument makers, shipbuilders,
scientist and sea captains gather to perfect their trade.
n  Push farther down the coast of Africa, establishing trading post.
n  Eventually leads to trading for slaves
n  Henry dies in 1460
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Portugal Leads the Way
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1488 Captain Dias sailed around the tip of Africa (storm)
1497 Vasco da Gama starts exploring EAST side of Africa and make it
to India
n  Return home in 1499 with ship filled with spices worth 60 times the
cost of the voyage. (27,000 mile sea route gave Portugal a direct route
to India)
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Vasco da Gama’s voyage opened Asia to the East. Conflict results
between the inhabitants of SE Asia and their European competition.
Portugal expands its control of the Indian Ocean.
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Defeat Muslim fleets of the coast of India.
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1514 Build Fort on the Straits of Hormuz, thus controlling the Persian
Gulf and Arabian Sea from the Muslims.
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1510 capture Goa on west coast of India
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1511 Attack city of Malacca on West side of India
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Breaks trade monopoly of Muslims and Italy
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1/5 the cost of what it had been
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Spain
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Spanish getting jealous of the Portuguese success.
1492 Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to finance a bold plan to
sail west across the Atlantic to Asia.
n  October he reaches the Caribbean islands by mistake and thinks he is
in the East Indies.
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Creates tension between Spain and Portugal
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Spain
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Creates tension between Spain and Portugal
Portugal thinks Columbus has indeed reached Asia and was
claiming land for Spain that was Portugal had reached first.
n  Tension grows…… Pope Alexander VI proposes a peace treaty
(Treaty of Tordesillas 1494) which drew a line that gave Spain
land to the West and Portugal land to the East. (Portugal gets
part of Brazil)
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Chapter 19 Section 1
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1521 Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan arrives in
Philippines. Spain claims islands and begins settling them in 1565.
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By early 1600’s rest of Europe begins do descend upon Asia (trade
empires)
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Challenges to Portuguese
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1600 English and Dutch move in.
Dutch (Netherlands) start challenging Portugal’s dominance of the
Indian Ocean (had declared independence from Spain)
n  Dutch have largest fleet of ships (20,000)
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England battles the Dutch for dominance.
Chapter 19 Section 1
Europeans Explore the East
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Challenges to Portuguese
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1600 English and Dutch move in.
Dutch (Netherlands) start challenging Portugal’s dominance of the
Indian Ocean (had declared independence from Spain)
n  Dutch have largest fleet of ships (20,000)
n  England battles the Dutch for dominance.
n  Dutch win
n  Dutch East India Company
n  Dutch dominate region
n  Capture Malacca from Portugal
n  1700 Dutch rule most of Indonesia.
n  Cape of Good Hope controlled by Dutch
n  Resupply stop
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Challenges to Portuguese
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1700 Britain and France both gain a foothold in area
English East India Company – prospers in India (trading for cloth)
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1644 France sets up a East India Company but struggle with the
Dutch. 1720 establish outpost in India. (not very profitable)
Chapter 19 Section 1
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European battle for share of Indian Ocean.
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Rest of SE Asia influenced by Europe is limited
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China and Japan dominate region
Sections 2 & 3. (won’t cover this)
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Mankind
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Suvivors Ch 4 Dream to Sail West
New World Chapter 4 Uncharted Waters
Chapter 5 Quest for Power (Ch 20 Sec 1, Cortes)
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