Download US Gains Overseas Territories

U.S. Gains Overseas
Territories
10.1 p. 287-293
Objectives
1. Explain the pros and cons of
Imperialism and Isolationism for
America
2. Describe the events that led to the U.
S. Annexation of Hawaii.
3. Identify the goal of U.S. foreign policy
in Japan and China
Imperialism
Definition-
the practice of extending a nation's power by gaining
territories for a colonial empire.
Pros:
1. more natural resources (Copper, Tin, Rubber)
2. new markets to trade in
3. power and national pride
4. need for a strong army/navy
Cons:
1. new alliances might bring you into war
2. funding for a strong army and navy
Isolationism
Definition-
avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations.
Pros:
1. stay out of other nation's problems
2. opportunity to build culture
Cons:
1. lack of industrialism
2. lack of imports of natural resources
3. easy to invade
Influence in America to Expand
Alfred T. Mahan
The Influence of Sea Power upon History
1. The need to expand the navy to protect our trade.
2. The Navy needed overseas bases and coaling stations
(places steamships could take on coal for fuel)
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge favored
expansion through naval power - "commerce
follows the flag and we should build up a navy strong
enough to give protection to Americans in every
quarter of the globe"
Alaska (1867)
Secretary of State William Seward purchased
Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (less than
two cents an acre).
Criticism - purchase called
1. Seward's Folly
2. Alaskan Icebox
Pros
1. added 600,000 sq. mi. (more than twice the size of TX)
2. natural resources: furs, timbers, minerals (gold)
3. Klondike Gold Rush ~ 1900
4. Russia is off of North America
Pacific Island Interest
Midway Islands
1. halfway between U.S. west coast&Japan
2. Great refueling station for trade
Samoa
1. Divided in 1899 with U.S. and Germany
2. Great refueling station for trade
Hawaii Timeline
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1778 Captain James Cook arrives
Merchants go to Hawaii
Missionaries arrive and many become wealthy sugar planters
1795 Chief Kamehameha creates a monarchy to unite all 8 islands
1839 Hawaii writes a constitution (80% of merchants, shops, warehouses,
and shipyards are U.S. owned)
1875 Hawaii may ship sugar duty free to United States in exchange for
no privileges to other nations except U.S.
1887 Planters forced King Kalakaua to create new constitution - is
written to give more power to parliament which planters controlled
Hawaiians worried foreigners becoming too powerful
McKinley Tariff (1890) - allows all countries to ship sugar duty free gives U.S. sugar producers subsidy (bonus payment) - Islands’ economy
collapsed
Queen Liliuokalani returns Hawaii to a monarchy
a. Planters revolt
b. Established new Gov’t - New President (Sanford B. Dole)
c. 1898 Hawaii is annexed
d. 1890 U.S. Territory
e. 1959 50th State
Japan's Early History
➔ Japan isolated its country in the
early 1600's.
◆ Only the Dutch East India Company could
trade in Japan but only in one port.
◆ Japan restricted travel abroad
The United States in Japan
1. Matthew Perry arrives in Japan’s Edo (Tokyo)
Harbor on July 8, 1853 with four U.S. warships Sent by President Millard Fillmore for peaceful
trade relationship
2. Perry returned in February 1854 with seven
warships, telegraph transmitter, and model train
to show technological gains trade would offer.
(show of force and need to industrialize also large
unspoken incentives)
3. Townsend Harris sent in 1856 to make deal to
open Japan to further trade.
4. Negotiated a commercial treaty in 1858.
Industrialization in Japan
❖ In 1868 supporters of industrialization take control
of power in Japan - began period of modernization
❖ Meiji (MAY-jee) restoration - strengthened industry
and military
➢ Gov’t sent students to Western schools to learn
about modern science, technology, and Western Gov’t
❖ Japan beats Russia in the Russo-Japanese War
➢ sank entire Russian fleet in single battle
➢ Theodore Roosevelt negotiates peace treaty to end
war
■ won respect and controls parts of Korea and
China.
❖ Took less than 50 years to change from nonindustrial
country to major world power
Imperialism in China
➔ China’s weakness opens it up to Spheres of
Influence (foreign nations control the trade
and national resources of the area)
➔ Open Door Policy (all nations equal access
to trade with China)
◆ Proposed by Secretary of State John Hay
(1899)
● Goal: gave U.S. trade influence in China
● Reason for diplomacy: lack of naval
power to take control of trade and
national resources
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
★ Strong Resentment to power and
control by foreign nations
○
Chinese nationalists (Boxers - members of the “Fists of Righteous
Harmony”) angered by foreign involvement in chinese affairs,
mismanagement of chinese gov’t, and hunger and homelessness from
natural disasters
■
■
■
in June Boxers murder two foreign diplomats and laid siege to
walled foreign settlement killing over 200 foreigners - lasted
for two months
U.S. marines brought in to stop rebellion
Even though Chinese gov’t did not support Boxers, China forced to
pay harsh settlement of $333 million cash payment - $25 million
went to United States
Questions
1. What arguments did people make for
isolationism and for expansion in the
late 1800’s?
2. What did United States leaders hope
to accomplish in relations with Japan
and China?