Download Grand Nain bananas (also spelled Grande Naine) are banana

Grand Nain bananas (also spelled Grande Naine) are banana cultivars of Musa
acuminata. It is one of the most commonly cultivated bananas and a source of
commercial Cavendish bananas. It is also known as the Chiquita banana, because
it is the main product of Chiquita Brands International.
Taxonomy
Taxonomically speaking, the Grand Nain is a monocot and belongs to the genus
Musa. Species designations are difficult when considering bananas because nearly
all banana cultivars are descendants and/or hybrids of the Musa acuminata or
Musa balbisiana, wild species that have been propagated for agricultural use.
The Grand Nain is a cultivar of the well known Cavendish bananas. This group of
bananas is distinguished from other groups by their AAA genotype. The AAA
genotype refers to the fact that this group is a triploid variant of the species M.
acuminata. There are 33 chromosome present in the AAA cultivar and all produce
seedless fruits through parthenocarpy.This fact means that the plants are spread by
conventional vegetative methods and lack sexual reproduction. This inability to
genetically diversify makes Grand Naines as well as other AAA cultivars
vulnerable to disease and pests.
Appearance
The name Grand Nain refers to its relative height compared to the Giant Cavendish
and Dwarf Cavendish cultivars. The Grand Nain cannot typically be distinguished
from other Cavendish cultivars without growing the plants side by side and
comparing the heights.The plant, like other banana plants, is an herbaceous tree
that produces large oblong leaves. The leaves often become torn or tattered at the
ends as a result of mechanical stresses such as wind. Being an angiosperm, the
Grand Nain produces large inflorescences which develop into the edible fruit.
Economic relevance
Bananas are ranked as the fourth most cultivated crop in the world and constitute a
significant portion of many populations' caloric intake. While this includes all
cultivars, the Grand Nain has become one of the most popular varieties for
commercial plantations. Its characteristic medium height and large fruit yields
make it ideal for commercial agriculture. The moderate height allows easy
harvesting and some resistance to wind throw (plants breaking due to strong
winds).The seedless quality of the fruits also increases its popularity. Plantations
growing Grand Naines range from the tropical regions of Central America, Africa,
India, and Southeast Asia. In many tropical communities, entire local economies
are based upon banana production and exportation.
Because of its importance as a staple crop as well as a cash crop, much botanical
research has focused around the Grand Nain. Furthermore, its lack of genetic
diversity eliminates unwanted experimental variables increasing the validity of
observed results. Of particular interest is banana plant sensitivity to aluminum
which slows growth and causes leaf abnormalities. Researchers found that
introducing different species of mycorrhizal fungi can increase aluminum toxicity
resistance.Also because of the sterility of most banana cultivars, another concern
eliciting research is the inability to breed banana plants resistant to disease. For this
reason, researchers have experimented with inducing genetic mutations in the
hopes of creating more economical plants.
Ecological impact
Because bananas are such a large and important crop in many tropical regions, the
cultivation has several ecological ramifications, the most obvious of which is the
clearing of rainforest. In the past, these ecological impacts as well as accusations of
employee abuse plagued large corporations like Chiquita, Del Monte, and Dole
(the three of which control two-thirds of the banana market). Within the past 10
years though, companies like Chiquita have taken steps to improve public relations
by introducing more sustainable agricultural techniques. These include the
utilization of kidney weed which discourages weed growth without adversely
affecting banana plants. Chiquita has also established a 284-acre (1.15 km2)
reserve in Costa Rica and now recycles many waste materials associated with the
industry. These efforts have reduced but not eliminated ecological concerns
associated with banana plantations.
Issues discussed apply to all banana cultivars commercially farmed of which the
Grand Nain constitutes the majority.
TISSUE CULTURE OF G9 BANANA
G9 widely accepted by all over the world due to its peculiar characteristics,-Golden yellow
color, Prevent rapid softening of fruit
G9 is a high yielding variety compared to others means cost of Tc plant of G9
ranges from 10 to 12 rs/plant but once we plant if we are going for sucker
selection than it will give more production than Mother plant. it is possible with
other variety also but in other variety (eg. TW) all selected suckers/plants will
never give the best results ex. Choking, variation etc. but in G9 good and best
production will be there in continues cropping.
If one has go for tissue culturing yelakki/nanjangud rasbale/and cavendish ,they
are soupposed make sure that the material collected by them is totally free from
diseases In case of G9 Banana, maerial is collected from the tissue cultured
plantations which being in first year of growth may not carry the disease/might
resist its occurance. therefore getting material for tissue culture is easy and
secondly g9 is proven high yeilder and the bunch has good shelf life. consumers
are also happy with the size and taste. thus g9 is in thmarket while others require
efforts tosell.