Download Bio – control agents and Bio – pesticides in banana IPM

Integrated Pest Management in Banana
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Biocontrol
Biocontrol is the reduction of
disease producing activity of a
pathogen accomplished by/or
through organisms.
Biocontrol uses natural or modified
organisms, and genes or gene
products of selected organisms to
reduce the effects of undesirable
pests affecting crops.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-control Agents
Parasitic Insects
Certain insects act as parasites
on eggs or larva, and kill the host
insects.
Epiricania melanoleuca
Trichogramma Wasp
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-control Agents
Predatory Insects
Predatory insects hunt and feeds
on its prey insects.
Assassin bug
Robber fly
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-control Agents
Pathogens
Certain microorganisms such as
bacteria, fungi and virus, infect
insect pests causing their death.
Larva killed by NP Virus
Bacillus bacteria
Trichoderma fungus
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Bio-pesticides are certain
types of pesticides derived
from natural material such
as animals, plants, bacteria,
and certain minerals.
Many bio-pesticides are
less toxic and pose a lower
risk than conventional
pesticides which can be
quite toxic.
Bio-pesticides fall into
three major classes.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
1. Microbial pesticides consist of a
microorganism (e.g., a bacterium,
fungus, virus or protozoan) as the
active ingredient.
Microbial pesticides can control
many different kinds of pests,
although each separate active
ingredient is relatively specific for
its target pest[s].
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
2. The most widely used microbial
pesticides are subspecies and
strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, or
Bt. Some Bt's control moth larvae
found on plants,
Each strain of this bacterium
produces a different mix of
proteins, and specifically kills
one or a few related species of
insect larvae.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
3. Plant-Incorporated-Protectants
(PIPs) are pesticidal substances
that plants produce from genetic
material that has been added to
the plant.
For example, scientists can take the
gene for the Bt pesticidal protein, and
introduce the gene into the plant's own
genetic material. Then the plant, instead
of the Bt bacterium, manufactures the
substance that destroys the pest
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Advantages
Biochemical pesticides are naturally
occurring substances that control
pests by non-toxic mechanisms.
Conventional pesticides, by contrast,
are generally synthetic material that
directly kill or inactivate the pest.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Advantages
Biochemical pesticides include
substances, such as insect sex
pheromones, that interfere with
mating, as well as various scented
plant extracts that attract insect
pests to traps.
Bio-pesticides are usually inherently
less toxic than conventional pesticides.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Advantages
Bio-pesticides generally affect only the
target pest and closely related organisms,
in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional
pesticides that may affect organisms as
different as birds, insects, and mammals.
Bio-pesticides often are effective in
very small quantities and often
decompose quickly, thereby resulting
in lower exposures and largely
avoiding the pollution problems
caused by conventional pesticides.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Advantages
When used as a component of Integrated
Pest Management (IPM) programs, biopesticides can greatly decrease the use of
conventional pesticides, while crop yields
remain high.
To use bio-pesticides effectively,
however, users need to know a
great deal about managing pests.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Actinovate is a microbial pesticide
registered for suppression of botrytis
fruit rot and powdery mildew on
banana in the field and greenhouse.
The active ingredient in Actinovate is
spores of Streptomyces lydicus, a
naturally occurring bacterium commonly
found in soil.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Researchers think that this bacterium
helps protect plants by growing over
the plant surface, parasitizing fungal
pathogens producing antibiotics
detrimental to the fungal diseases.
Before using this product in banana crop,
consider whether suppression will be
adequate in a commercial crop.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Actinovate is a microbial pesticide
registered for suppression of botrytis
fruit rot and powdery mildew on
banana in the field and greenhouse.
Applications should begin when
conditions favor disease development.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Repeat Actinovate application in
7 to 14 days interval.
Use spray mixture of Actinovate
within 4 hours of its preparation.
Store Actinovate at room temperature
(21-26°C), but should not be frozen or
exposed to very high temperatures.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Actinovate contains live bacteria and
should not be used with bactericides.
Always leave an untreated plot to
evaluate the efficacy of Actinovate.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Serenade products (Serenade ASO,
Serenade MAX) are registered for the
suppression of a variety of diseases
on fruit crops.
The active ingredient is Bacillus subtilis,
which colonizes plant parts and helps
prevent disease microorganisms from
becoming established.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Serenade products may not provide
complete control and should be used
as part of an integrated disease
suppression program, which includes
cultural controls and other tactics.
So, consider whether suppression
will be adequate in a commercial
crop before using these products.
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Integrated Pest Management in Banana
Bio-Pesticides
Serenade is most effective when
applied during the early stages of
disease development.
Rotate this product with other
fungicides when conditions are
conducive to heavy disease
pressure.
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