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Societal views on lying Natural Born Liars Dialogue “Others compare selfdeception to our deception of others, suggesting that selfdeception must involve a fragmentation of the personality into several different subminds, and that self-deception happens when one of these components succeeds in fooling the others in order to get its way” Thanks to this we can see two things, lying can often be seen as a portion of your full mind, and that people often see lying as lying towards them. Implying that we view lying as harmful to both others and ourselves “In every instance of motivational biased belief we try to bring it about that we acquire or retain that belief” This is a quote where we see the negative effects of lying. As the more we do it, the more we will continue to do it. Saying that lying is often self-destroying and overall negatively effecting us. Lying using Reasons why a multimedia we lie device “Lying is obliged by its very nature to cover its traces, for in order to lie effectively we must lie about lying” “Lying to oneself is rooted in fear, guilt, or mental disorder” “On the FTL model there need be no such deliberate, conscious “trying” and thus the paradox does not arise” “Garden variety can be accounted for in terms of relatively well understood psychological processes in a way that does not require an intention or attempt to deceive oneself, or to make it easier for oneself to believe something” This states that lying is all done by selfThis quote helps to preservation, implying imply that lying itself that we lie when we must be used to cover want to avoid lies. And when on a punishment or ill phone or laptop where tidings. With this we conversation and can glean that people lie information on the when they are backed instance are limited, you into a corner. lie to another lie to cover your tracks. In short this states that when lying without face to face interactions, you really don’t need much effort. With this I think it’s easy to see that lying would then be more prevalent. With this we can get that when lying we don’t have the intent to do so, rather we simply do and don’t care why or for what purpose. Lying Words: Predicting Deception From Linguistic Styles “As a result, according to the literature on “reality monitoring,” stories based on imagined experiences are qualitatively different from stories based on real experiences” The quote here says that the quiltiy of a lie is far different from that of the truth. Meaning that if you can find out whether more detail is the truth or lie, you can find the truth. Deception: The Role of Consequences “Utilitarianism prescribes that, when choosing whether to lie, one should weigh benefits against harm, and happiness against unhappiness” Looking at this we can glean that in our society we can say that those who lie are often already unhappy or think it will have more benefits, while those whp don’t lie are seen as happy and those who have something to lose. “Finally, the process of creating a false story should consume cognitive resources leading liars to tell less complex stories” This is a big help to our argument, stating that lying takes brain power, and this makes the lies you make more and more simple. So we can tell that a more complex story is most likely true. “The main empirical finding is that people not only care about their own gain from lying; they also are sensitive to the harm that lying may cause the other side” When using a device we often lie about something we haven’t done, or that we can’t do something, however in doing so we feel bad for those on the receiving end, and try to apologize for what we did. “My children wanted me. They needed me. And now I can’t help them” normally, relatives will speak of a missing person in the present tense. The fact that Smith used the past tense in this context suggested to trained Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents that she already viewed them as dead” As we think about lying and how to recognize it, we have to think about how we would act. This used the past tense to describe someone, so that person would already be gone. Thanks to this we see that people will lie to protect themselves from what has already been done, as if its already finished. “In the mechanism design literature (e.g., Bengt Holmstrom, 1979), the standard assumption is that people will tell the truth only if this is incentive-compatible given material outcomes” With this it’s pretty plain. When we don’t have anything to gain we tell the truth, but when we could gain something, we lie, this the whole idea of greed and averice as a means. Lying relies on the truth “Cognitive models of deception focus on the conflict-inducing nature of the truth activation during lying” For this quote it states that deception makes us tell the truth as a part of it, however we have an internal battle to tell the truth or not. So with this we glean that its often seen as a moral dilemma to lie or not. Adolescents’ Electronic Media Use at Night, Sleep Disturbance, and Depressive Symptoms in the Smartphone Age “Excessive electronic media use at night is a risk factor for both adolescents’ sleep disturbance and depression” Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit “Deception has sometimes been categorized as a distinctly human activity which is based upon distinctly human abilities like intentionality, language use, and selfawareness” Today we constantly are told to get a good night’s sleep, and if not this will cause problems. One such is lying, for various reasons, like work performance We as society view lying as a negative thing, and this quotes that we as humans are the only ones capable of “If lying depends on the covert activation of the truth, deceptive responses would thus be facilitated by truth distractors relative to lie distractors” “Together with each question, we presented either the truth or lie response as distractors” From this quote we can understand that you either lie or tell the With this quote it’s truth, however when clear that lying and truth presented with the truth both depend on one and a lie, can change another, like two sides whether or not you of a coin. So your lies yourself lie. would depend on the truth you tell, and vice versa “Further, participants “Electronic media use reported on their was negatively related electronic media use in with sleep duration and bed before sleep such as positively with sleep frequency of watching difficulties, which in TV or movies, playing turn were related to video games, talking or depressive symptoms” text messaging on the mobile phone, and This states that spending time online” electronic devices have a negative effect on So clearly we can see sleep, and that it that people use a device increases problems from shortly before they go to that, so this causes us to sleep, and that this lie, and from there it causes them to get less establishes a circle of sleep. So this is helpful events that all cause as link for the main each other. argument. “Functionalist depicted “The private an organisms consciousness to which consciousness as all mentality was passively influenced by assimilated, and which the environment” was therefor so important in guiding This quote simple states behavior, turned out to that where you are, and be little more than a what you are involved copy of observable in will change how you external factors” act. Thus a fair statement we can say is As we view our that the more time you surroundings our mind spend using a mobile tries to find the best device, the more it will way to go about its change your behavior. tasks, and will guide our lying. As such we can glean that this comes from our complex nature, where all other animals are very straightforward A Pack of Lies: Towards a Sociology of Lying “We see lying as a regrettable human failing and assume that unless we make great efforts to train children to be honest, they will follow a natural tendency and tells lies” We see lies as a terrible thing. We as the adults teach that lying is a bad thing, however we ourselves lie to teach them. So we I think we are hypocrites in the worst sense, because we giving children a very mixed message that they can’t process. “A spoken lie may form only one part of an act of deception; the liar may use, consciously or unconsciously, what has come to be known as body language as a means of enhancing the chances of success for the deceit; on the other hand, unintended body movements may enhance the likelihood that a liar will be detected” This is a very interesting quote, because it says that when you able to see the body language of the person, you can’t tell if it’s a lie. It opens more than one pathway making more and easier to lie. And I believe that with this, it is one reason why we tell so many lies, because it’s just too easy. actions and behavior based on such observations. So it’s fair to say that when constantly exposed to certain things, your mind will change your behavior to suit that situation. “A lie, as it were, sets our audience off more firmly along a specified false trail, whereas a silence may start a multitude of false hares. This tells us that we lie to put someone on the wrong path. We confuse them so they can’t find the truth, and thus keeps them safe. I think this is one of the best reasons why people lie, to protect themselves. And when there is only so much we can learn about the situation, this becomes a very effective means of coming out unscathed.