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Chapter 1 Objectives
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An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
Define anatomy and physiology.
Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
Levels of Structural Organization (pp. 2-7)
Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body
and explain how they are related.
Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions
of each system.
Classify by organ system all organs discussed.
Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso.
Maintaining Life (pp. 7-9)
List functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
List the survival needs of the human body.
Homeostasis (pp. 9-11)
Define homeostasis and explain its importance.
Define negative feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis
and normal body function.
The Language of Anatomy (pp. 11-17)
Describe the anatomical position verbally or demonstrate it.
Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces,
and body planes.
Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
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Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation
I.
II.
AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (p. 2)
A. Anatomy (p. 2)
B.
Physiology (p. 2)
C.
Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
D.
Gross vs Microscopic Anatomy
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7)
A.
From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3)
1. Chemical
2.
Cellular
3.
Tissue
4.
Organ
5.
Organ System
6.
Organism
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B.
Organ System Overview (pp. 3-7)
Organ System
Organs
Function
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III.
THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY (pp. 11-17)
A.
Anatomical Position and Directional Terms (p. 11-13)
1. Superior
2.
Inferior
3.
Anterior (Ventral)
4.
Posterior (Dorsal)
5.
Medial
6.
Lateral
7.
Intermediate
8.
Proximal
9.
Distal
10.
Superficial
11.
Deep
12.
Supine
13.
Prone
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B.
C.
Body Planes and Sections (pp. 14-15)
1. Sagittal
2.
Frontal
3.
Transverse
Regional Terms (pp. 13-14)
1.
Anterior Body Landmarks
a.
Abdominal
m.
Fibular
b.
Acromial
n.
Inguinal
c.
Antecubital
o.
Nasal
d.
Axillary
p.
Oral
e.
Brachial
q.
Orbital
f.
Buccal
r.
Patellar
g.
Carpal
s.
Pelvic
h.
Cervical
t.
Pubic
i.
Coxal
u.
Sternal
j.
Crural
v.
Tarsal
k.
Digital
w.
Thoracic
l.
Femoral
x.
Umbilical
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2.
D.
Posterior Body Landmarks
a.
Cephalic
i.
Sural
b.
Deltoid
j.
Vertebral
c.
Gluteal
k.
Pollex
d.
Lumbar
l.
Hallix
e.
Occipital
m.
Otic
f.
Popliteal
n.
Calcaneal
g.
Sacral
o.
Plantar
h.
Scapular
p.
Olecrenal
Body Cavities (pp. 16-17)
1.
Dorsal Body Cavity
a.
Cranial Cavity
b.
2.
Spinal Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
a.
Thoracic Cavity
b.
Diaphragm
c.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
i.
Umbilical Region
ii.
Epigastric Region
iii.
Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
iv.
Right and Left Iliac (inguinal) Regions
v.
Right and Left Lumbar Regions
vi.
Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
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IV.
MAINTAINING LIFE (pp. 7-9)
A. Necessary Life Functions (pp. 7-9) What systems involved?
B.
1.
Maintaining Boundaries
2.
Movement
3.
Responsiveness
4.
Digestion
5.
Metabolism
6.
Excretion
7.
Reproduction
8.
Growth
Survival Needs (p. 9) What systems involved in each?
1.
Nutrients (food)
2.
Oxygen
3.
Water
4.
Body Temperature
5.
Atmospheric Pressure
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V.
HOMEOSTASIS (pp. 9-11)
A.
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms (pp. 10-11)
1. 3 Components
B.
a.
Receptor
b.
Control Center
c.
Effector
2.
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
3.
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
Homeostatic Imbalance (p. 11)
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