Download benchmark 3 study guide with answers

Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______
Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide
Geology
1.
2.
3.
4.
S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core
What happens to the temperature as you travel to the center of the Earth?
The temp increases or gets hotter
What happens to the density as you travel to the center of the Earth?
The density increases
Put the layers of Earth’s interior in order from highest to lowest temperature.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
The thickest layer of Earth’s interior is the mantle ; the thinnest layer is the crust.
5. What is the composition of each layer?
Continental Crust: granite Outer Core: iron and nickel
Oceanic Crust: basalt
Inner Core: mostly iron, some nickel
Mantle: iron, magnesium, hot rock
6. What mechanical layer is composed of the crust and upper mantle?
lithosphere
7. What mechanical layer does the lithosphere ride/move on top of?
asthenosphere
8. Why do lithospheric plates constantly move? because of heat and convection currents in the mantle
9. Why is the inner core solid? Because of the pressure
10. Label the layers of Earth’s Interior.
S6E5 A
2
1
4
3
1. Crust
2. Inner core 3. Mantle
11. Identify the bar for each layer of Earth’s interior.
A= crust
B= mantle
C= inner core
D= outer core
4. Outer core
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______
S6E5e/f Lithospheric Plate Movement/Geologic features
12. Name the plate movement associated with each picture below
a.
b.
divergent
c.
convergent
convergent with subduction
d.
transform
13. What geological features are created at convergent boundaries?
Mountains (2 continental plates), trenches (oceanic and oceanic plate),
volcanoes (continental and oceanic plate)
14. What geological features are created at divergent boundaries?
Sea floor spreading- makes mid ocean ridges (2 oceanic plates dividing)
Rift valley (2 continental plates dividing)
15. What geological event takes place at transform boundaries?
Major earthquakes
16. What geological features are created at convergent boundaries with subduction?
Volcanic islands, volcanoes, trenches
17. What causes plate tectonic movement?
Convection currents and heat
18. What are plates that move beneath another plate called? Why does this occur?
Subduction… it happens because one plate is more dense than the other plate.
19. What is the Theory of Continental Drift? Who is responsible for this theory?
All the continents were once all together and then they drifted apart and Alfred Wegner is responsible
for this theory.
20. List 3 examples of evidence that supported Continental Drift Theory.
Fossils, climate change, rocks, the shape of the continents.
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______
S6E5g Fossils
21. What is the law of superposition?
Fossils and rock layers are older at the bottom and younger at the top layers
22. What are 2 examples of fossil evidence that supports climate change?
The warm weather fern (Glossopteris) fossil was found on Antarctica.
Australia use to be in the arctic regions, now it is closer to the equator.
23. What are 2 examples of fossil evidence that supports the changing of Earth’s surface?
The fresh water reptile (Mesosaurus) and the same rocks were found on different continents, AND
Providence Canyon was once under water.
24. Layers of soil
25. Soil Conservation Methods –
Write the soil conservation type & definition from the cards you matched with the picture.
Type: Contour Farming
Definition:
Planting crops along
curves of land
Type: Terracing
Definition:
Step-like structures
on hill sides
Name ________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______
Type: No-till farming
Type: Windbreaks
Definition:
Definition:
Minimal plowing of land
Planting tall trees around farm land to slow wind