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English language II Unit 13 Unit 13: The Art of Negotiation Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties, intended to reach an understanding, resolve point of difference, or gain advantage in outcome of dialogue, to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests of two people / parties involved in negotiation process. Negotiation is a process where each party involved in negotiating tries to gain an advantage for themselves by the end of the process. Negotiation is intended to aim at compromise. Negotiation occurs in business, non-profit organizations, government branches, legal proceedings, among nations and in personal situations such as marriage, divorce, parenting, and everyday life. The study of the subject is called negotiation theory. Professional negotiators are often specialized, such as union negotiators, peace negotiators, hostage negotiators, or may work under other titles, such as diplomats, legislators or brokers. Unit 13: Vocabulary to negotiate (verb form of the noun “negotiation”) /nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt/ - to discuss something formally in order to make an agreement The customer wanted to negotiate over/about the price. often + with or for The team is negotiating with the player's agent. Teachers are negotiating for higher salaries. / They are negotiating a higher salary. negotiator /nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɚ/ - a person who is involved in formal financial or political discussions in order to try to reach an agreement – posrednik, pregovarac a skilled trade/labor negotiator negotiable / non-negotiable /nɪˈgoʊʃijəbəl/ - able to be discussed and changed before an agreement or decision is made – oko čega su mogući ustupci, kompromisi The terms of the contract are negotiable. The price was not negotiable. Unit 13: Vocabulary make an effort I'm doing my best effort to learn English / I am doing my best to learn English but I'm making my best effort to learn english reach an agreement We will try one more time to reach an agreement with you. We reached an agreement and signed a contract. Unit 13: Vocabulary to lose face – fig. to lose status, to become less respectable – izgubiti ugled, osramotiti se John is more afraid of losing face than losing money. Things will go better if you can explain to him where he was wrong without making him lose face. Unit 13: Vocabulary compromise /ˈkɑ:mprəˌmaɪz/ - a way of reaching agreement in which each person or group gives up something that was wanted in order to end an argument or dispute Both boys will have to make compromises if they are to share the room. [=they will each have to give up something in order to get along] The two sides were unable to reach a compromise. [=unable to come to an agreement] concession /kənˈsɛʃən/ - the act of conceding something: such as a : the act of giving up something or doing something in order to reach agreement – ustupak, ustupanje, povlastica The company has been unwilling to make concessions (to the strikers) during negotiations. Unit 13: Vocabulary “fall-back” position – position to which one can resort or retreat - odstupnica break down - to fail or stop usually in a complete and sudden way – otkazati, prekinuti Negotiations have broken down. [=collapsed] The government's argument broke down completely when new evidence came to light. persuasive articulate /ɑɚˈtɪkjələt/ - able to express ideas clearly and effectively (in speech or writing) – jasan, razgovjetan She’s an intelligent and articulate speaker. tenacity /təˈnæsəti/ - not easily stopped or pulled apart : firm or strong – čvrstina, istrajnost, izdržljivost I am impressed by their tenacity. Future Continuous Tense I will be singing The structure of the future continuous tense is: subject + auxiliary verb WILL + auxiliary verb BE + main verb invariable invariable present participle will be base + ing Future Continuous Tense USE 1: Interrupted Action in the Future - to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future. This can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me. He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives. Future Continuous Tense USE 2: Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future In USE 1 the Future Continuous is interrupted by a short action in the future. In addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific time as an interruption. Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner. I will be in the process of eating dinner. At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert. We will be in the process of driving through the desert. Future Continuous Tense USE 3: Parallel Actions in the Future When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel. I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner. Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time. Future Continuous Tense USE 4: Atmosphere in the Future In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future. When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing. Future Continuous Tense REMEMBER: Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Instead of using Future Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Future Tense. Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct Much, many, little, few We use much and little with uncountable nouns: much time / much luck / little energy / little money/ We use many and few with plural nouns: many friends / many people / few cars / few countries