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CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS
INVESTIGATION 5: ENERGY TRANSFER
KEY CONCEPTS
• MIXING WATER OF 2
TEMPERATURES
RESULTS IN WATER OF
AN INTERMEDIATE
TEMPERATURE
• When mixing hot water
(HIGH KINETIC ENERGY)
with cold water (LOW
KINETIC ENERGY)
WARM WATER (MED.
KINETIC ENERGY)
KEY CONCEPTS
• SUBSTANCES HEAT OR
COOL AS A RESULT OF
ENERGY TRANSFER
• ENERGY TRANSFER =
MOVEMENT OF
ENERGY FORM 1 PLACE
TO ANOTHER. CAN
LEAD TO SOMETHING
GETTING HOTTER OR
COLDER (GAINING OR
LOSING ENERGY)
• ENERGY ALWAYS
TRANSFERS FROM HIGH
KINETIC ENERGY TO
LOW KINETIC ENERGY
KEY CONCEPTS
• PARTICLES ARE ALWAYS
IN MOTION (KINETIC
ENERGY). THE MORE
KINETIC ENERGY
SOMETHING HAS, THE
HOTTER IT IS.
• ENERGY TRANSFERS
BETWEEN PARTICLES
WHEN THEY COLLIDE.
ENERGY TRANSFER
THAT RESULTS FROM
COLLISIONS IS CALLED
CONDUCTION.
• EQUILIBRIUM OCCURS
WHEN TEMPERATURE IS
UNIFORM
KEY CONCEPTS
• HEAT IS MEASURED IN
CALORIES. ONE CALORIE
WILL RAISE THE
TEMPEREATURE OF 1g OF
WATER 1O C.
• TEMPERATURE
MEASURES KINETIC
ENERGY, WHILE HEAT IS
THE MEASURE OF
ENERGY TRANSFER,
MEASURED IN CALORIES.
• cal = m X ^T
• The number of calories
needed to change
temperature of a mass of
water is equal to the mass
of water (in grams) times
the temperature change
(in degrees Celsius)
KEY CONCEPTS
• ^T = cal / m
• TEMPERATURE IS
MEASURED IN DEGREES
• The temperature
OC).
CELSIUS
(
change of water (in
TEMPERATURE IS THE
degrees Celsius) is equal
AVERAGE KINETIC
to the number of
ENERGY OF PARTICLES.
calories divided by the
mass of water (in
grams)
KEY CONCEPTS
• ENERGY IS CONSERVED • Energy can transfer
from one place to
• The amount of energy
another in that system,
in a system is always the
and it can be
same; no energy is ever
transformed from one
created, and no energy
kind of energy to
is ever destroyed.
another kind of energy.
KEY CONCEPTS
• WHEN A SYSTEM IS IN
BALANCE, AND THERE
IS NO NET ENERGY
TRANSFER GOING ON,
THE SYSTEM IS IN
EQUILIBRIUM.
• AFTER MIXING HOT
AND COLD WATER, THE
FINAL TEMPERATURE IS
ITS EQUILIBRIUM
TEMPERATURE.