Download Ecosystems and Communities

Ecosystems and Communities
Understanding Ecosystems
~Reminder~
Ecosystems include
all biotic
(__________)
and abiotic
(__________)
things in the same
area
Understanding Ecosystems
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Role of Climate
Global Climate Change
Aspects of Ecosystems
Community Interactions
Succession
~NICHE~
4-2: Aspects of Ecosystems
Terms to Define
1. Biotic Factors 2. Abiotic Factors –
Aspects of Ecosystems
3. Habitat
– The area in where an organism lives
– Includes abiotic and biotic factors
4. Niche (“know your role”)
– Full range of physical and biological conditions in
which an organism lives and the way it uses those
conditions
•
•
•
•
•
Food it eats
How it gets food
Where it gets its food
Temp
Predators
Competitive Exclusion Principal
No two species can ever, ever, ever occupy the SAME
niche. Competition will force one out.
Community Interactions
Types of Interaction among community members
1. Competition
2. Predation
3. Symbiosis
Community Interactions
1. Competition
•
Organisms of the same or different species
want the same resources at the same place
and time
•
What are some possible resources to
compete over?
Resources to compete over
Food
Mates
~Reminder~
Competitive Exclusion Principal
No two species can ever, ever, ever occupy the SAME
niche. Competition will force one out.
Space
Community Interactions
2. Predation
•
On organism captures and feeds on another
Community Interactions
3. Symbiosis
•
Relationships in which two species live
closely together
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
Community Interactions
Mutualism
– Both organisms benefit from relationship
– Examples
Community Interactions
Commensalism
– One benefits while the other is neither helped
nor harmed
– Examples
Community Interactions
Parasitism
– One organism lives on or in another
– Weakens, but tries not to kill the host
– Examples
Parasitism
Succession
Primary Succession
– Colonization of a
previously barren area
Secondary Succession
– Change from an
existing ecosystem to a
new one
Succession
When does succession occur?
Receding Glacier
Volcanoes
Fires
Succession
Pioneer Species
– 1st species to
colonize the area
Indicator Species
– Species that
indicates health of
the area
Invasive Species
– Species that
invades and takes
over an ecosystem