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Tissues Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Miss Plumley What is human tissue? • Tissue – Cells organized into groups and layers – Each type of tissue is composed of similar cells specialized to carry on a particular function Four Major Types of Tissue • Epithelial – Protective coverings, also used for absorption and secretion • Connective – Support soft body parts and bind structures together • Muscle – Produces body movements • Nervous – Conducts impulses that help control and coordinate body activities *Extracellular matrix: Nonliving portion of tissue Epithelial Tissues • -Found through out the body • -cover organs, forms inner lining of body cavities, lines hollow organs • -always exposed to the outside or open internal space • Basement Membrane – Nonliving layer that is found between the underside of epithelial tissue and connective tissue (basement membrane is part of the extracellular matrix) Epithelial Tissue • -Tightly Packed • -Readily Divide • Injuries can heal quickly and new cells replace lost or damaged ones • -Lack Red Blood Vessels • Receive nutrients from underlying connective tissue • Classified according to shape and number of cell layers – – – – – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Squamous: Thin, flat cells Cuboidal: Cubed-shaped cells Columnar: Elongated Cells Simple: single layer Stratified: two or more layers Epithelial Tissue • There are 9 Types of Epithelial Tissue – 1. Simple Squamous • Single layer, thin, flattened cells • site where diffusion and filtration take place – Example: » They line the air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. • • • • Forms the walls of capillaries Lines the inside of blood and lymph vessels Covers membranes that line body cavities Tissue is easily damaged because it is so thin Epithelial Tissue – 2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • • • • Single layer of cube-shaped cells Central located spherical nuclei Covers ovaries Lines ducts of certain glands – Salivary glands, thyroid gland – Secretes glandular products • Lines most of kidney tubules -Example: Functions in secretion and absorption Epithelial Tissue – 3. Simple Columnar Epithelium • Elongated cells • Single layer where nuclei is found near basement membrane • Nonciliated Cells – Lines uterus – Lines most organs of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small intestine » Example: Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food • Ciliated Cells – Help moving egg cells to uterus in the reproductive tubes of females Epithelial Tissue – 4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Stratified or layered cells • Lines passage of respiratory system • Ciliated – Mucus covered » Trap dust and move it out of the airways Epithelial Tissue – 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium • Thick tissue • Lines oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal – Example: A protein called KERATIN is not formed keeping these areas soft and moist • Forms outer layer of skin (epidermis) – Example: As skin cells age they accumulate KERATIN and then harden and die producing dry, tough skin Epithelial Tissue • 6. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial – Two or more layers of cubed-shaped cells – Linings of salivary gland and mammary gland ducts Epithelial Tissue – 7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium • Several cell layers • Protection and Secretion – Example: » Part of male urethra, Vas deferens and part of the pharynx Epithelial Tissue – 8. Transitional Epithelium • Prevent contents of the urinary tract from diffusing back into the internal enviornment • Change response to increase tension – Expandable lining Epithelial Tissue – 9. Glandular Epithelium • Secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids – Example: » Salivary glands, sweat glands and endocrine glands Epithelial Tissue • Epithelial Tissue Assignment – Create a Foldable • Include all 9 types of Epithelial Tissue • Description and picture is required for each type of Epithelial Tissue • Explain where each type of tissue can be found in the human body • Include the function of each tissue • Pictures can be drawn or printed from the internet • Complete work cited on the back of your foldable if necessary
