Download Sensory neurons (감각 신경)

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Homework
Nervous System
Ms. Doshi
Organization of the Vertebrae Nervous System
There are 3 types of neurons:
1. Sensory neurons (감각 신경)
• Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) transmit (전송)
impulses from sensory organs (ex: the eye and the ear) to
the brain and spinal cord.
2. Motor neurons (운동 뉴런)
• Motor neuron (efferent or effector neurons) transmit
impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or
glands.
3. Interneurons (의 interneurons)
• Interneurons (association neurons) join together sensory
and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, and
process neural output (공정 신경 출력).
3 Types of Neurons
3 types of neurons:
Sensory neurons (감각 신경)
Motor neurons (운동 뉴런)
Interneurons (의 interneurons)
Nerves
Nerves
• Organized bundles (조직
번들) of axons covered
(적용) by connective
tissue (결합 조직).
• Transmit (전송) impulses
(전기 자극) over long
distances.
• Named according to (에
따라) type of neuron.
– Examples: sensory nerves
and motor nerves.
Mixed Nerves
• Have both sensory and motor
neurons.
• Conduct impulses in either
direction (어느 방향).
• Cell bodies of mixed nerves
join together to form ganglia.
• Ganglia coordinate (좌표 Verb:
대등하게 하다) activities in
the nervous system.
• Ganglia in the brain or spinal
cord are called nuclei.
Questions 6
Organisation of the Nervous System
• Memorize
Organisation of the Nervous System
A
B
D
C
F
E
G
H
CNS: Brain
Brain
• Outer part has nerve
cell bodies (gray
matter)
• Inner part has axons
(white matter)
• Has 3 parts:
– forebrain
– midbrain
– hindbrain
Forebrain: Structure
•
•
Telencephalon
– Cerebrum (center part)
– Right and left hemispheres
joined by the corpus callosum
• Each hemisphere has 4
lobes: parietal, temporal,
occipital, and frontal.
– Cerebral cortex (largest part of
the human brain)
– Contains olfactory lobe
Diencephalon
– Contains thalamus and
hypothalamus
4 Lobes of Each Hemisphere
Forebrain: Structure
a
b
c
g
d
f
e
Forebrain
Telencephalon
• Cerebral cortex
– Processes and integrates
sensory input and motor
response. 프로세스 및 감각
입력 및 모터 응답을 통합
– Controls memory and
creative thought. 제어 메모
리와 창조적 인 생각 .
• Olfactory lobe
– Centre for reception and
integration of olfactory input.
리셉션과 후각 입력 의 통합
을위한 센터 .
Diencephalon
• Thalamus
– Relay and integration center
(릴레이 및 통합 센터) for
the spinal cord and cerebral
cortex.
• Hypothalamus
– Controls visceral functions
(내장 기능을 제어) such as
hunger, thirst, sex drive,
water balance, pain, blood
pressure, and temperature
regulation.
– Links the nervous and
endocrine systems.
Questions 7
Midbrain
• Relay center for visual
and auditory impulses.
시각 및 청각 자극 에
대한 릴레이 센터 .
• Sends sensory
information to the
forebrain. 전뇌 에 감각
정보 를 전송합니다.
Hindbrain
• Posterior part of the
brain.
• All higher sensory
neurons and motor
neurons pass through
the hindbrain.
• Consists of the
cerebellum, the pons,
and the medulla
oblongata.
Hindbrain: Cerebellum
Functions:
• Coordinates and modulates
motor impulses into
unconscious coordination of
movement. 좌표 와 운동의
의식이 조정 에 모터 충동
을 변조한다.
• Hand-eye coordination.
• Maintain posture and
balance. 자세와 균형을 유
지.
Hindbrain: Pons
Functions:
• Relay center(중계 센터)
for cortical fibers to the
cerebellum.
• Has nuclei (ganglia) that
regulate (규제 Verb: 규
정하다) the respiratory
centers in the medulla
oblongata.
Hindbrain: Medulla Oblongata
Function:
• Controls autonomic,
homeostatic activities
such as breathing, heart
rate, and
gastrointestinal activity.
CNS: Spinal Cord
• Continues with the brain stem.
• Nearly all nervous tissue innervating viscera (에 분포하는 의 내장을)
and muscle, below the head, pass through the spinal cord.
• The spinal cord integrates simple motor responses (reflexes) and relays
information to and from the brain. 척수 는 간단한 모터 응답 ( 반사 )
를 통합하고 및 뇌 에서 정보를 릴레이합니다.
Spinal Cord
• White matter
– Contains motor and
sensory axons.
• Gray matter
– Contains interneurons
and cell bodies of motor
neurons.
Sensory Root Nerve Fibers
vs. Motor Root Nerve Fibers
• Sensory root nerve fibers:
– Relay information to the
spinal cord
– Enter the spinal cord
dorsally.
– Their cell bodies are outside
the spinal cord in the dorsal
root ganglia.
• Motor root nerve fibers:
– Connect with the spinal cord
ventrally.
– Their cell bodies are inside
the spinal cord
Questions 8