Download Document

Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Assessment
Chapter Test B
Answer Key
MATCHING
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. e
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. c
7. a
8. d
9. c
10. b
21.
COMPLETION
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
resistance
bacteria
phytoplankton (or protists or algae)
angiosperms (or plants)
gymnosperms
22.
23.
SHORT ANSWER
16. An apple tree depends on bees to pollinate
its flowers. The flowers must be
pollinated for the flowers to make seeds
and fruit. The bees depend on the nectar
for food.
17. Insects have a waterproof external
skeleton, they move quickly, and they
reproduce quickly. They also are small,
can hide easily, and require little food.
Many insects can fly.
18. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A
hummingbird has wings that allow it to
hover near a flower. It has a long beak and
tongue that allow it to reach into a flower
to get nectar for food.
19. A population is made up of all the
members of one species that live in the
same place at the same time. A
community is made up of all the
populations living in the same place at the
same time. A population is made up of
one species, while a community is made
up of many species. All the squirrels
living in a forest are a population. The
community is made up of all the squirrels,
plants, other animals, and other organisms
living in the forest.
20. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Birds
with more curved beaks were better able
to extract snails from their shells, and this
ability helped them produce more
24.
offspring than their straighter-beaked
relatives. These off-spring inherited the
curved beaks of their parents, and over
time the entire species evolved curved
beaks.
The snails would die out or move to
another habitat without their habitat, and
the birds would probably not survive in
the area because they wouldn’t have a
food source.
energy, mineral nutrients, water, oxygen,
and living organisms
Domain archaea: unicellular, lack nuclei,
usually have cell walls, found in harsh
environments; Domain bacteria:
unicellular, lack nuclei, usually have cell
walls, incredibly common; fungi: some
unicellular but most multicellular, have
cell nuclei, have cell walls, have no
chlorophyll; protists: most unicellular but
some unicellular, have nuclei, no cell
walls, some can make their own food;
plants: multicellular, have nuclei, have
cell walls, make their own food; animals:
multicellular, no cell walls, have nuclei,
ingest their food
Most of the other organisms would also
die because phytoplankton are protists that
use the sun’s energy to make food.
Phytoplankton are the initial source of
food in most ocean ecosystems, so if they
died, other organisms would lose their
food source.
PROBLEM SOLVING
25. Answers may vary. Possible answer:
Insects are a part of an ecosystem even if
that ecosystem contains someone’s home,
yard, and garden. As a part of an
ecosystem, insects can be linked to other
organisms in a complex web that we
might not be aware of. By removing
insects, we may be harming other parts of
the ecosystem. Also, insecticides kill
beneficial insects as well as insect pests
and can encourage the selection of insect
pests that are resistant to insecticides.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
i
The Organization of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Assessment
Chapter Test B
The Organization of Life
MATCHING
In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best matches the
description.
_____ 1. One species causes malaria.
a. bacteria
_____ 2. Some cause diseases such as athlete’s foot.
b. fungi
_____ 3. These organisms are the source of most
food humans eat.
c. protists
_____ 4. E. coli is one of these.
e. animals
d. plants
_____ 5. Some of these organisms have vertebrae.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.
_____ 6. Which of the following
organisms does not belong
with the rest?
a. moss
b. grass
c. algae
d. wild flower
_____ 9. Which of these sentences does
not describe part of the process
of evolution by natural
selection?
a. The environment contains
limited resources.
b. Organisms produce more
offspring than will survive to
reproduce.
c. Communities include
populations of several
species.
_____ 7. Which of the following
describes soil and
temperature in an
ecosystem?
a. abiotic factors
b. biotic factors
c. unnecessary factors
d. selection factors
d. Organisms in a population
differ in their traits.
_____ 10. Some snakes produce a
powerful venom that paralyzes
their prey. This poison is an
example of
a. coevolution.
b. an adaptation.
c. a reptile.
d. a biotic factor.
_____ 8. Which of the following is
part of an organism’s
habitat?
a. shelter
b. food
c. water
d. all of the above
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
1
The Organization of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Chapter Test B continued
COMPLETION
Write the answer to the following questions in the space provided.
11. If an insect is no longer killed by an insecticide, it has developed a(n)
______________________ to the chemical.
12. Most bacteria, including the kinds that cause disease and those found in garden
soil, belong to the kingdom ______________________
13. The initial source of food in most ocean and freshwater ecosystems are
______________________
14. The initial source of food in most land ecosystems are
______________________
15. Pine trees and other conifers are classified as ______________________
because they are woody plants whose seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
SHORT ANSWER
Write the answers to the following questions in the spaces provided.
16. Angiosperms and animals depend on each other. Using an apple tree and bees
as examples, explain how these organisms depend on each other.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
17. More insects exist on Earth than any other type of animal. Describe the
characteristics insects have that make them so successful.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
2
The Organization of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Chapter Test B continued
18. Choose any organism and describe its adaptations. Explain how each
adaptation might help it survive.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
19. Explain the difference between a community and a population. Provide a
specific example of each.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
20. Imagine a population of small birds that feed only on snails. They use their
hooked, needle-like beaks to pull snails from their shells. Explain how these
birds might have evolved their specialized beaks.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
21. Predict what might happen to birds with beaks specialized for eating snails if
the snail’s habitat were destroyed? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
22. List the five components that an ecosystem must contain to survive.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
3
The Organization of Life
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
Chapter Test B continued
23. List characteristics of organisms in each of the domains and kingdoms.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
24. What would happen to organisms in the ocean if all the protists died? Explain
your answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
25. Your neighbor is bothered by insects and wants to spray his yard and garden
with insecticide to get rid of them. Explain how you would convince your
neighbor that this is not a good idea.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Environmental Science
4
The Organization of Life