Download 4. Respiratory Circuit Training

1. Exercise results in an increase
in the volume of gas exchanged
in the lungs.
Define Tidal Volume and describe
how a performer is able to increase
lung volumes during exercise using
neural control.
Definition:
‘The amount of air breathed in/out of the lungs in one
breath’.
Description:
• Movement detected by proprioreceptors
• Emotional influences/lung stretch receptors
• Change in blood pH via chemoreceptors/ drop in
oxygen.
• Changes in blood pressure via baroreceptors
• Respiratory Centre (in medulla) controls breathing.
• Inspiratory/Expiratory centre initiate impulses
• Impulses sent via phrenic nerves
• Impulses received by respiratory muscles
• This leads to increased rate and depth of breathing.
2. Describe how more oxygen is
diffused into the muscles during
exercise.
• Gas diffuses from an area of high pressure to an area of
low pressure
• There is a high partial pressure of oxygen in blood, low
P02 in muscle.
• There is a decreased partial pressure of oxygen in the
muscle during exercise.
• Therefore there is an increased diffusion gradient.
• Increase in temperature encourages greater release of
oxygen (from haemoglobin)
3. At rest and during physical activity the
performer varies the volume of gas
exchanged in the lungs.
Give typical minute ventilation values for
a fit 20 year old at rest & during maximal
exercise.
Show your calculations.
ANSWER
VE=TV x f
AT REST = 5-10 LITRES/MIN
MAXIMAL = 100 – 180 LITRES/MIN
4. Name four structural features of
the lungs that assist diffusion.
• One cell thick alveoli/thin (epithelial) membrane
and capillary walls
• The inside of the alveoli is moist
• Large surface area of alveoli/capillary density
• A short diffusion pathway/nearness of capillaries
• Blood cells travel through the capillary relatively
slowly/almost in single file compression of red
blood cells
• A large concentration of gradient always exists
5.Describe how the mechanics
of breathing during exercise
expire greater volumes of
C02.
• This process becomes active
due to intercostals contracting
• Abdominal muscles contracting
• Diaphragm pushed up harder/rib
cage pulled in & down
• Decrease in volume of thoracic
cavity
• Causing an increased pressure
within thoracic cavity.
6. Explain how the gas exchange system
operates at muscles.
6.
• A. Process of diffusion – high concentration/partial pressure to
low
• B. Requires thin membranes/short distance
• C. High pO2 in blood/low pO2 in muscles and oxygen moves
into muscles
• D. Low pCO2 in blood/high pCO2 in muscles and carbon dioxide
moves into blood
• E. Oxygen into myoglobin/ (disassociates) from haemoglobin
7. Explain the long term effects of training
on the respiratory system.
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Cardiac Hypertrophy/Hypertrophy of heart/athletes heart
Lower resting heart rate/bradycradia
Increased thickness of ventricle wall/larger ventricular cavity/thicker
myocardium
Increased ejection fraction/increased proportion of blood ejected
Increased contractility/increased force of contraction/heart beats
stronger/more powerful
Increased stroke volume/blood ejected per beat
Greater diastolic filling/pre-load
Starlings Law
Increased maximum cardiac output
(Increased) capilliarisation