Download Name: Total: /32 Topic 5: Evolution test 1. What statement can be

Name:
Total:
/32
Topic 5: Evolution test
1.
What statement can be made about members of the same order?
A.
They all belong to the same genus.
B.
They all belong to the same class.
C.
They all belong to the same family.
D
They can all interbreed successfully.
(Total 1 mark)
2.
Classification in biology involves putting organisms that share characteristics together in groups. In
which type of group do the organisms share most characteristics?
A.
Class
B.
Family
C.
Genus
D.
Order
(Total 1 mark)
3.
Which group of organisms, identified by this key, represents the Fungi?
1
Nuclei present
.................................................................2
No nuclei present ................................................................A
2
Develops from an embryo ....................................................3
Does not develop from an embryo .......................................4
3
Cell wall present
No cell wall
4
................................................................B
...................................................................C
Cell wall of chitin ................................................................D
Cell wall of cellulose or no cell wall ..................................Protoctista
(1)
4.
What is the sequence of the seven levels of hierarchy of taxa used in classification?
A.
Phylum, kingdom, class, order, family, genus and species
B.
Kingdom, family, phylum, class, order, genus and species
C.
Kingdom, phylum, class, family, order, species and genus
D.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species
(Total 1 mark)
1
5.
What is evolution?
A.
A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual
B.
A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population
C.
A physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring
D.
A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation
(Total 1 mark)
6.
Which of the following represent homologous features?
A.
Wings in birds and insects
B.
The appendix in humans and horses
C.
Fins in fish and wings in birds
D.
The striped coat of the zebra and the tiger
(Total 1 mark)
7.
Which of the following will promote variation in a species?
I.
Meiosis
II.
Fertilization
III.
Natural selection
A.
I only
B.
II only
C.
I and II only
D.
I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
8.
Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?
A.
All bacteria reproduce very quickly.
B.
Bacteria exposed to antibiotics developed a resistance to them.
C.
Varieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics reproduce faster than non-resistant varieties.
D.
Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used.
(Total 1 mark)
9.
What is the mechanism of natural selection?
A.
Any individuals in a population can be selected entirely by chance.
B.
After a change in the environment a species will evolve adaptations to the new conditions.
C.
If an adaptation to the environment is useful, an individual will develop it and pass it on to its
offspring.
D.
Variations amongst individuals of a population are selected by a changing environment.
(Total 1 mark)
2
5.
The bones of many modern birds and the fossils of bird ancestors have been compared. The body shape
and how bird ancestors might have flown have been studied. This indicates that small predatory dinosaurs
which lived on the ground evolved into birds with some flying capabilities. These then evolved into
modern birds. The cladogram shows part of bird evolution and the drawings show anatomical structures
linking birds to dinosaurs with hollow bones.
Flying Capabilities
No flying
capability
No flying but
prey-seizing
forelimb stroke,
flapping wings
More
powerful
flight
Flapping
flight
stroke
Coelophysis Velociraptor
Enhanced
flight
manoeuvrability
Modern
flight
capabilities
Archaeopteryx Iberomesornis Enantiornithes
Dinosaurs
Early birds
Columba
Modern birds
Wrist and hand
Coelophysis
Remnant
of V
Velociraptor
Archaeopteryx
Half-moon
shaped wrist
bone
Disklike
wrist bone
Columba
Half-moon
shaped wrist
bone
I
IV
I
I
III
III
III
III
I
II
II
II
II
[Source: Kevin Padian and Luis M Chiappe, (February 1998) Scientific American, pages 28-37]
(a)
Identify which bird ancestor appears most closely related to dinosaurs.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Compare the flight capabilities and hand and wrist structure of Velociraptor and Columba.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
3
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
Identify the two types of evidence for evolution shown by the data.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
4
6.
Marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) are found on the Galapagos islands of Genovesa and Santa Fe.
Marine iguanas are unique among lizards in that they feed on algae in the intertidal zone. Between
feeding they lie in the sun to warm themselves. Male iguanas establish territories on the rocks where
females lie. Males provide no parental care of offspring while females guard the nest for a few days.
Females mate once and use up 20% of their body mass in reproduction, while males try to mate more
than once and do not use up much of their body mass.
The graphs below show the lengths of males and females on the two different islands, sample size (N) is
indicated for each graph.
[Source: Freeman and Herron, Evolutionary Analysis, (2000), 2nd edition, page 296]
(a)
(i)
State the most frequent range of body sizes of males on Santa Fe and males on Genovesa.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Suggest one reason for the difference in size between male marine iguanas on Santa Fe and
Genovesa.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
5
(b)
Compare the body size of males and females.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
Explain, using the theory of natural selection, the significance of size in males and females.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
7.
Triarthus was a trilobite that lived on Earth about 500 million years ago. The diagrams below show its
structure, viewed from above and below. The structure was discovered by studying fossils of Triarthus.
[Source: R Fortrey, (2000), Trilobite!, page 62]
6
(a)
There are many animals living on Earth today that belong to the same phylum as the trilobites, but
there are no living trilobites. Deduce, with a reason, the phylum to which Triarthus belonged.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Outline the evidence for evolution provided by fossils.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
9.
Explain two examples of evolution in response to environmental change.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(Total 7 marks)
7