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Transcript
Evolution 07 Natural Selection Evolution: Natural Selection Warm Up Objectives • Explain how natural selection leads to evolution. Predict how the this beetle population may change in this environment, then explain your reasoning. Use the words variation, adaptation, selective pressure, and change in your answer. 2 Selective Breeding: Evidence for Evolution • Natural variation occurs in the wild population • Seeds for the next generation are chosen only from individuals with the most desirable traits. • Repeat this process for several generations. Selective breeding is an example of artificial selection. Artificial selection helps us understand how adaptations evolve in nature. 3 Natural Selection The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. 4 Natural Selection: Peppered Moths Simulation http://peppermoths.weebly.com/ 5 Natural Selection: Peppered Moths Simulation Discuss with your group members http://peppermoths.weebly.com/ 1. Describe the environment your group chose. 2. How did the moth population initially vary? 3. Describe the natural selective pressures of this environment. 4. How did the selective pressures influence the moth population? 6 Natural Selection: Peppered Moths Industrial melanism arose by chance in the population of peppered-moths. In an environment with trees polluted with soot, industrial melanism is advantageous because it camouflages black peppered moths against predators. As a result, black peppered moths survived better and reproduced more offspring than white peppered moths. Over time, the population black peppered-moths increased as the white peppered moths decreased. 7 Natural Selection: Peppered Moths Just one example! Not limited to not being seen by predators. Other examples include: • • • • • • • Ability to live with limited amounts of water Ability to live in water Ability to catch food Ability to make food Ability to see with low light Ability to climb Ability to protect self 8 Natural Selection 1. Species tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support. 2. Struggle for existence in which some individuals survive and some die. 3. Natural variation within a population. 4. Some individuals are better adapted than others. 9 Natural Selection: Peppered Moths 5. Better adapted individuals tend to survive and reproduce, less well adapted individuals tend to die/ reproduce less each generation contains more offspring from better adapted individuals. 6. Individuals that reproduce pass on characteristics to their offspring. 7. The frequency of characteristics that make individuals better adapted increases, so species change and become better adapted. 10 Problem of the day Explain how natural selection leads to evolution. 11