Download Chapter 4 Review - Blue Valley Schools

Chapter 4 Review
1
The four most common elements in living things are
A
B
C
D
E
2
Which of the following is an organic compound?
A
B
C
D
E
3
O2
H2O
CH4
NaCl
H2SO4
As shown in this diagram, a carbon atom can complete its valence shell by forming four
covalent bonds. This means that a carbon atom is
A
B
C
D
E
4
neon, xenon, boron, & sulfur.
neon, hydrogen, lithium, & helium.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen.
sodium, hydrogen, potassium, & calcium.
chlorine, magnesium, sodium, & phosphorus.
divalent.
trivalent.
hexavalent.
decavalent.
tetravalent.
In addition to carbon atoms, most organic compounds also contain
A
B
C
D
E
oxygen atoms.
chlorine atoms.
hydrogen atoms.
potassium atoms.
phosphorus atoms.
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Chapter 4 Review
5
Look closely at this carbon skeleton. How many additional hydrogen atoms could be
attached to the carbon atom labeled "B?"
A
B
C
D
E
6
Stanley Miller's and Harold Urey's 1953 experiments were significant because they
demonstrated that
A
B
C
D
E
7
0
1
2
3
4
under certain circumstances the theory of vitalism was valid.
urea could be synthesized from entirely naturally occurring salts.
the behavior of any molecule containing a carbon atom was fundamentally
the same.
lightning discharges could produce the molecules previously presumed to
have originated in volcanic outgassings.
a variety of simple organic compounds could be spontaneously synthesized
from components in Earth's primitive atmosphere.
Urea is a molecule synthesized by organisms and found in urine. Stanley Miller and Harold
Urey found urea among the products of their experiment. What conclusion could be drawn
from this?
A
B
C
D
E
Urea can only be synthesized by living organisms.
Life's molecules may have been synthesized abiotically.
Someone must have urinated in their experimental apparatus.
There was definitely no urea before living things appeared on Earth.
none of the above
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Chapter 4 Review
8
The gasoline consumed by this chainsaw is a fossil fuel consisting mostly of
A
B
C
D
E
9
Which of these pairs are geometric isomers?
A
B
C
D
E
10
thiols.
alcohols.
amino acids.
nucleic acids.
hydrocarbons.
1
2
3
4
5
Which of these pairs are structural isomers?
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
4
5
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Chapter 4 Review
11
Which of these pairs are enantiomers?
A
B
C
D
E
12
Molecules that differ in the arrangement of their atoms about a double bond are called
A
B
C
D
E
13
enantiomers
geometric isomers
structural isomers
symmetrical isomers
none of the above
These molecules are
A
B
C
D
E
14
1
2
3
4
5
amino acids.
enantiomers.
hydrocarbons.
geometric isomers.
structural isomers.
The characteristics of an organic molecule depend not only on its carbon skeleton, but also
on groups of atoms with distinctive properties--called _____________--attached to the
skeleton.
A
B
C
D
E
isomers
ketones
aldehyde
functional groups
structural enantiomers
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Page 4
Chapter 4 Review
15
Which of these functional groups is an amino group?
A
B
C
D
E
16
The functional group labeled "4" is a ________ group.
A
B
C
D
E
17
1
2
3
4
5
hydroxyl
carboxyl
carbonyl
phosphate
sulfhydryl
If this group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the molecule is called an aldehyde;
otherwise it is called a ketone.
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
4
5
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Page 5
Chapter 4 Review
18
Because it donates hydrogen ions, this group is acidic, and molecules that contain these
groups are known as "carboxylic acids."
A
B
C
D
E
19
Which of these is a thiol?
A
B
C
D
E
20
2
3
4
5
6
-SH
-OH
-NH2
-COH
none of the above
Choose the pair of terms that complete this sentence about functional groups in organic
chemistry: ______ is to acid as amino is to ______.
A
B
C
D
E
ketone; base
carboxyl; base
phosphate; ketone
carbonyl; sulfhydryl
sulfhydryl; carbonyl
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Chapter 4 Review
Page 7
Answer Key : Chapter 4 Review
Question:
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2
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5
6
7
8
9
10
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14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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Answer
C
C
E
C
B
E
B
E
D
B
A
B
C
D
A
A
B
E
E
B