Download Tissue Structure and Function

Tissue Structure and Function – General Review
Anatomy & Physiology
Mr. Andrew Evans
1. Define tissue is group of cell similar in structure and function but locate in
different place inside and outside the body.
2. Use the key choices to identify the major types of tissue described below. 12
a) Connective Tissue b) Epithelial Tissue c) Muscle d) Nervous Tissue
b
Lines the body cavities and covers the body’s external surface.
c
Pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing
a bat.
d
Transmits electrical signals.
a
Anchors, packages, and supports body organs.
b
Cells may absorb, secrete and filter.
d
Most involved in regulating and controlling body functions.
c
Major function is to contract.
b
Synthesises hormones
a
The most durable tissue type.
a
Abundant non-living extra-cellular matrix.
a
Most widespread in the body.
a
Forms nerves and the brain.
3. Describe 5 general features of epithelial tissue.
-fit closely to form continuous sheet
-held together by specialisation cell junction
-form membrane- one free surface(apical surface)
-Avascular- no blood less
-regenerate easily
4. How are epithelial tissues classified?
-number of cells layers (simple = 1, stratified = 2)
-cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
5. List 5 major functions of epithelium in the body, and give examples of each.
Function
Example
protection
skin epithelium
absorption
respiratory, small intestine
filtration
kidney, small intestine
secretion
glandular epithelium
diffusion
air sacs
6. How does the function of stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple
epithelia?
-Stratified mean have many layers. Stratified epithelia are name that according
to the apical surface. Simple means have only one layers. So, simple epithelia have
less protect than stratified epithelia.
7. Where is ciliated epithelium found? What role does it play?
-The ciliated epithelium are found in the lining of the trachea and most of the
upper respiratory tract. The role is absorption and secretion.
8. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special
characteristics.
How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?
-The stratified squamous epithelial are different because of its structure is round.
How does the structural difference support its function?
-The structural is support and protect.
9. How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?
-Endocrine is the duct that produce hormones and release it into the blood vessel.
Exocrine is the gland that have duct.
10. Respond to the following with the key choices. Some tissues are used more than
once.
a) Simple squamous
b) Simple cuboidal
c) Simple columnar
d) Pseudo-stratified
ciliated columnar
e) Stratified
squamous
f) transitional
________d________ is found in the lining of the esophagus.
_________c_______ is found in the lining of the stomach.
_________a_______ is found in the alveolar sacs of the lungs.
_________b_______ is found in the tubules of the kidneys.
_______e_________ is found in the epidermis of the skin.
________f________ is found lining the bladder; these are cells that have the ability to
slide over each other.
Connective Tissue
11. What are three general characteristics of CT?
-a rich supply of blood vessels
-composed of many types of cells
-noncellular, nonliving materials (matrix) between the cells of CT
12. What functions are performed by CT?
-protect, support and bind
13. How are the functions of CT reflected in its structure?
-The CT have a lots of nonliving matrix and each different types of CT consist of
different function and structure.
14. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the CT described below? Some
tissues are used more than once. 12
_dense connective tissue_ - attaches bones to bones, and muscles to bones.
_adipose____________- insulates against heat loss.
_dense_____________ - the dermis of the skin.
_fibrocartilage______ - makes up the intervertebral discs.
_osseous___________ - forms the hip bone.
_areolar___________ - composes basement membranes: a soft packaging tissue with a
jelly-like matrix.
_hyaline cartilage___ - forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the
embryonic skeleton.
_elastic cartilage____ - provides a flexible framework for the external ear.
__hyaline cartilage__ - firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers;
appears glassy and smooth.
__osseous_________ - matrix hard owning to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to
act on.
__adipose_________ - acts as a storage of fat.
__elastic connective tissue____ - walls of large arteries.
15. Why do adipose cells remind people of a ring with a single jewel?
-Because adipose have large fat cells and the nuclear that push at the side.
Nervous Tissue
16. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?
-irritable and conductivity
17. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?
-Neurons have nucleus and same organelles.
18. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
-Neuron can communicate together at the long distance of the body by sending the
signals through the synapse. Which, the messages will be send to the brain and the
brain will send the signals back to other different parts of the body in order to
make them move.
Total =
/70