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Space Review Questions 1. What is revolving in a heliocentric model of our solar system? What is revolving in a geocentric model? In a heliocentric model the planets revolve around the sun. In the geocentric model, the sun and planets revolve around the earth. 2. Explain what is meant by the word “elliptical”. What does this word have to do with the study of space? Elliptical means oval shaped. Orbits are elliptical. The closer two objects are together the more circular their orbits appear. The farther apart the objects are the more oblong (ovalish) the orbits appear. 3. What kinds of things do radio telescopes and radio interferometry allow us to see that Galileo could never of seen with his simple refracting telescope? How does a radio telescope work? Radio telescopes view radio waves. These allow us to look deeper into space. Radio interferometry is linking a whole bunch of telescopes together to increase the resolution. 4. When gasoline is spilled on the ground, a rainbow like sheen can bee seen. Are the colours that you see being absorbed or emitted? Explain. The effect you are seeing is similar to, but not the sames as when you shine a light through a prism. What we see as "white light" is really made up of all the different colors of the rainbow. When light goes through a prism, it changes speed, and that speed change splits up the colors so they are not all mixed together. White light goes in, gets broken up, and the separate color components emerge. Like the prism, the gasoline is making it possible for you to see the different colors that are all mixed up in white light. But it doesn't happen for exactly the same reason as in a prism. It's a bit harder to explain, but a short summary is that the gasoline forms a thin film on top of water (you usually see this when the ground is wet, right?). Light that hits the film is partially reflected and partially transmitted. The light that is partially transmitted then hits the water, and some of it is also reflected. What comes to your eye is the combination of the light reflected from the film and from the water. The light that came from the water had to travel a tiny, tiny bit farther than the light coming from the film, and that throws the two beams, that were once one, out of sync. When light gets out of sync like that, the waves "interfere" with one another: when crests overlap with crests, they make super crests, and when crests overlap with troughs, they cancel out, making an "interference pattern". Different colors of light have different wavelenghts, so the interference pattern is a little different for different colors, so the colors, which are normally all mixed up, making white light, become separated, so you can see them individually. 5. List 4 differences between inner planet and outer planets in our solar system. Identify each planet as either eart-like or “Jovian”. Inner planets (Earth Like) Outer Planets(jovian) Smaller Huge Rocky Gasseous Few moons Many moons Short orbital period Long orbital period 6. Venus is an earth-like planet but has far more carbon dioxide in it’s atmosphere than earth. What major effect do you think this has on the planet & it’s environmental conditions? This makes an increased greenhouse effect. Venus is super hot and it rains sulfuric acid. 7. Does the moon produce, absorb, reflect, or refract light? What is the difference between reflection and refraction? Reflects light. Refraction bends light waves and focus’ it on a point. Reflection reflects in back. 8. What galaxy do we live in? How many constellations in our galaxy? How many galaxies are there in the universe? We live in the milky way. 88 constellations in our galaxy. There could be an infinite amount in the universe because we would see star groupings from a different point of view. 9. A spectroscope reveals some dark lines when used to observe the spectra of hydrogen. Why? What does that mean? Because that portion of light is absorbed by hydrogen. It means that hydrogen is present. 10. Explain what happens to both pitch and sound waves as a police car approaches you and as it moves away from you. As a vehicle moves towards you the waves are compressed. This causes a high pitch sound. As they move away they stretch out. This causes a lower pitch. 11. Explain what is meant by Red-Shift. What does it mean about the nature of our universe? Red shift is the apparent shift of the colours of a star to go to the red side of the spectrum this happens when objects move away from us. It tells us the universe is expanding. 12. Sketch a diagram showing the difference between all different types of electromagnetic radiation. 13. List three physiological changes that occur to an astronaut who spends prolonged amounts of time in space. Bone density decreases Muscles atrophy (they weaken) Depth perception is affected 14. Why is it important to maintain carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations at a constant level in the cabin of the space shuttle? So the astronauts can breathe properly. 15. What are the major differences between the Apollo rockets, and the current space shuttles? Explain the differences in their function and their design / shape. Apollo rockets could not be reused. Space shuttles are reused, so they are designed more like planes so they can glide back to earth. The payload is bigger. 16. What are the three components of a rocket? Which component is different between a rocket use in war (ballistic missile) and a rocket used to launch a satellite? Payload, Structural and Fuel. The payload is different. Humans instead of a bomb 17. List three ways that humans have benefited from satellites. GPS, remote sensing, weather prediction, communication etc. 18. Satellite TV users shouldn’t have to ever reposition their dish. This is because the satellite it is receiving information from is in a geosynchronous orbit. Describe what this means. That the satellite is in the same position above earth at all times. 19. What is remote sensing and what is it used for? Using a satellite to sense things on earth. This is used on weather forecasting satellites and satellites like google earth which takes pictures. 20. What advantages does the Hubble telescope have over ground based telescopes? There is no atmospheric distortion, no light pollution and it can be used at all times. 21. What is the difference between a refracting telescope and a reflecting telescope? Which was used first and which is more powerful? Refracting uses lenses. Reflecting uses mirrors. Refracting was first but reflecting is more powerful. 22. Sketch and explain how you would use triangulation to find the distance to a distant object. You would measure the angle between an object and your position and then 6 months later you would do the same. You would then draw a scale diagram and measure the distance to your baseline. 23. What is space junk and how is it dangerous? Debris/garbage floating in space that we have left there from various space missions/old satellites etc. It is dangerous because it can contact rockets/space stations etc. 24. Identify three significant Canadian space achievements. -Canada arm 1 Canada arm 2 - Anik 1 – 1st communication satellite. - Alouette 1 25. List two political, ethical, and environmental considerations for space exploration. Political 1. Who owns space? 2. Who has the rights to the moons resources? Ethcal 1. Should we spend money on space research when there are sick people on earth? 2. Do we have the right to claim the Moon? Environmental 1. Can we destroy other planets to mine materials? 2. Who is responsible for space junk? 26. What is the difference between altitude and azimuth when describing a star’s position? Explain how they would be different for somebody in northern BC and somebody in southern Ontario. Altitude – How high something is. The elevation Azimuth – What direction is it – North South East West Azimuth– Different because they have a different horizon. B.C your farther North so the object might be South of you and in Ontario that object could be to the North. Altitude- It could appear higher in the sky due to sea level differences and the stars appearance in your horizon. Everyones horizon is different at different latitudes. 27. Sketch a diagram showing the life cycle of a sun-like star and a massive star.